{"id":85102,"date":"2019-09-18T18:36:48","date_gmt":"2019-09-18T14:36:48","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T20:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/?p=85102","title":{"rendered":"Taleyini \u0259sas\u0259n qad\u0131n n\u0259vazi\u015fin\u0259 ba\u011flayan musiqi al\u0259ti, yaxud \u201csirl\u0259r sand\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d qanun"},"content":{"rendered":"

Musiqi insan ruhunun t\u0259mizl\u0259nm\u0259si, onun p\u0259rvazlanmas\u0131 üçün bir vasit\u0259dir. El\u0259 bir vasit\u0259 ki, insana xeyirxahl\u0131\u011fa, m\u0259n\u0259vi kamilliy\u0259 ged\u0259n yolda yol b\u0259l\u0259çisi olur. Musiqi ruhumuzun qidas\u0131d\u0131r. Bizi kövr\u0259ld\u0259n, h\u0259mçinin, q\u0259lbimizd\u0259 xo\u015f hissl\u0259r yaradan musiqil\u0259ri, ecazkar s\u0259sl\u0259ri is\u0259, \u0259lb\u0259tt\u0259 ki, biz\u0259 musiqi al\u0259tl\u0259ri çatd\u0131r\u0131r. <\/em><\/p>\n

Bu gün siz\u0259 \u0259n q\u0259dim xalq çal\u011f\u0131 al\u0259tind\u0259n-qanundan söhb\u0259t açaca\u011fam. Bu musiqi al\u0259ti haqq\u0131nda yaz\u0131ma el\u0259 onun ad\u0131ndan ba\u015flay\u0131ram: kanon yoxsa qanun ? Kanon kils\u0259 musiqisind\u0259 istifad\u0259 edil\u0259n bir termin olub rus v\u0259 ingilis dilind\u0259n t\u0259rcüm\u0259d\u0259 deyildiyi kimi s\u0259sl\u0259nir. Al\u0259tin bizim dild\u0259 ad\u0131 qanundur v\u0259 qanun yunancadan “nizam”, “qayda”, “t\u0259rtib” dem\u0259kdir.<\/p>\n

Qanun yast\u0131 sazlar ail\u0259sin\u0259 m\u0259nsub olub dart\u0131ml\u0131-simli musiqi al\u0259tidir. Yax\u0131n v\u0259 Orta \u015e\u0259rqd\u0259, o cüml\u0259d\u0259n, ölk\u0259mizd\u0259 geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Az\u0259rbaycanda onun t\u0259xmin\u0259n min ild\u0259n çox tarixi vard\u0131r. Trapesiya \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 olan qanun al\u0259ti \u0259sas\u0259n \u015fam a\u011fac\u0131ndan düz\u0259ldilir. Qanunun gövd\u0259si taxta qutunu xat\u0131rlad\u0131r v\u0259 üst taxta gövd\u0259nin böyük bir hiss\u0259sini örtür. Bu taxtada üç böyük rezonatorlu de\u015fik vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Musiqi al\u0259ti 72 simd\u0259n ibar\u0259t olub, sanki, bir sand\u0131\u011fa b\u0259nz\u0259yir. B\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259 el\u0259 buna, b\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259 ba\u015fqa bir xarakterik xüsusiyy\u0259tin\u0259-sirrli dünyaya ox\u015farl\u0131\u011f\u0131na gör\u0259 onu “sirrl\u0259r sand\u0131\u011f\u0131” san\u0131rlar. Bunu dey\u0259 bilm\u0259r\u0259m, amma bir \u015feyi bilir\u0259m ki, qanunun insanda yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 xo\u015f t\u0259\u0259ssürat\u0131  v\u0259 onun inc\u0259 s\u0259sl\u0259ni\u015fini heç bir musiqi al\u0259ti \u0259v\u0259z ed\u0259 bilmir.<\/p>\n

Simli musiqi al\u0259tl\u0259rinin tarixini ara\u015fd\u0131ran aliml\u0259rin fikrinc\u0259, qanun musiqi al\u0259ti ç\u0259ng al\u0259tind\u0259n formala\u015f\u0131b. Ç\u0259ng al\u0259tinin özünün m\u0259n\u015f\u0259yi is\u0259 q\u0259dim türkl\u0259r\u0259 aiddir v\u0259 altay türkl\u0259rind\u0259 indiy\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r folklor al\u0259ti kimi istifad\u0259 olunur. Dem\u0259li, öz tarixi kökü il\u0259 ç\u0259ng al\u0259tin\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 olan qanundan ilk d\u0259f\u0259 türk dünyas\u0131nda istifad\u0259 edilmi\u015f v\u0259 sonradan bu musiqi al\u0259ti \u015föhr\u0259tl\u0259n\u0259r\u0259k dünyaya yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.
\nB\u0259zi t\u0259tqiqatç\u0131lar is\u0259 qanunun Az\u0259rbaycandan dünyaya miqrasiyas\u0131 fikrini qeyd edirl\u0259r. Y\u0259ni, onlara gör\u0259 qanun Az\u0259rbaycanda formala\u015fm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 daha sonra Orta Asiya, \u018ffqan\u0131stan, Çin v\u0259 Hindistan kimi ölk\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. H\u0259r halda bunu dey\u0259 bilm\u0259r\u0259m ki, qanun ilk d\u0259f\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycandam\u0131 yaran\u0131b, yoxsa dig\u0259r \u015e\u0259rq ölk\u0259sind\u0259, amma bir \u015feyi \u0259minlikl\u0259 yaza bil\u0259r\u0259m ki, ölk\u0259mizd\u0259 mövcud olan qanun ist\u0259r s\u0259s qatar\u0131, ist\u0259rs\u0259 d\u0259 siml\u0259rinin say\u0131na gör\u0259 \u015f\u0259rq xalqlar\u0131 qanunundan f\u0259rql\u0259nir.<\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan qanunun ad\u0131na klassik \u0259d\u0259biyyat nümun\u0259l\u0259rimizd\u0259 d\u0259 rast g\u0259linir. Dahi \u015fairimiz Nizami \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259n birind\u0259 bu musiqi al\u0259tini bel\u0259 t\u0259svir edirdi:<\/p>\n

Sonra öz fikrinin üstünd\u0259 durdu,
\nÖz ist\u0259yinc\u0259 bir qanun qurdu.
\nDüzgün, ah\u0259ngdar s\u0259s ç\u0131xarmaq üçün,
\nOna teller düzdü, ba\u015f-ba\u015fa bütün.<\/em><\/p>\n

Xaqani \u015eirvani, \u0130mad\u0259ddin N\u0259simi, M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d Füzuli v\u0259 dig\u0259r söz, fikir n\u0259qqa\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259 bu al\u0259tin ad\u0131 il\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmaq mümkündür. Bunu da qeyd edim ki, 12-ci \u0259srd\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131b yaradan \u0259dibimiz, musiqi elmini d\u0259rind\u0259n bil\u0259n \u015fair\u0259 M\u0259sh\u0259ti G\u0259nc\u0259vi qanunun m\u0259har\u0259tli ifaç\u0131s\u0131 olub.<\/p>\n

Taleyini \u0259sas\u0259n qad\u0131n n\u0259vazi\u015fin\u0259 ba\u011flayan, öz ecazkar s\u0259sini \u0259sas\u0259n qad\u0131n \u0259ll\u0259rinin istiliyin\u0259 etibar ed\u0259n qanun haqq\u0131nda dahi b\u0259st\u0259kar\u0131m\u0131z Üzeyir Hac\u0131b\u0259yov qeyd etmi\u015fdir: “Bu gün h\u0259r bir musiqiçi üçün piano çalmaq vacib olan kimi, \u015e\u0259rq musiqiçil\u0259ri d\u0259 öz çal\u011f\u0131lar\u0131ndan \u0259lav\u0259 qanun çalma\u011f\u0131 özl\u0259rin\u0259 borc bilmi\u015fl\u0259r”.<\/p>\n

Musiqi al\u0259ti haqq\u0131nda yazmaq, onu b\u0259dii sözl\u0259rl\u0259 ox\u015famaq n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r vacibdirs\u0259, onun ustad\u0131n\u0131n fikirl\u0259rini öyr\u0259nm\u0259k d\u0259 bir o q\u0259d\u0259r vacibdir. El\u0259 ona gör\u0259 d\u0259 yaz\u0131mda Milli Konservatoriyan\u0131n mü\u0259lliml\u0259rinin dü\u015fünc\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 d\u0259 yer ay\u0131rd\u0131m. Milli Konservatoriyan\u0131n Xalq Çal\u011f\u0131 Al\u0259tl\u0259ri kafedras\u0131n\u0131n qanun ixtisas\u0131 üzr\u0259 ba\u015f mü\u0259llimi Çinar\u0259 xan\u0131m Heyd\u0259rova deyir ki, qanun al\u0259tind\u0259n dan\u0131\u015fark\u0259n M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d Füzulini qeyd etm\u0259s\u0259k, dem\u0259k olar ki, qanun haqq\u0131nda dan\u0131\u015fmam\u0131\u015f olar\u0131q. Ondan ötrü ki, Füzuli dünya \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131nda qanuna bir varl\u0131q kimi yana\u015fan \u0259dib olub. Onun “Yeddi cam” \u0259s\u0259rinin “Qanun il\u0259 söhb\u0259t” hiss\u0259si bunun \u0259yani sübutudur:<\/p>\n

Xo\u015f n\u0259\u011fm\u0259l\u0259r il\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k al\u0259mi m\u0259mnun,
\nBir huri, m\u0259l\u0259k üzlü çal\u0131rd\u0131 iri qanun.
\nSirr sand\u0131\u011f\u0131na xeyli onun ox\u015far\u0131 vard\u0131,
\nQap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u0259ql x\u0259zn\u0259dar\u0131 t\u0259kc\u0259 açard\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n

Milli Konservatoriyan\u0131n \u0130nsturmental mu\u011fam kafedras\u0131n\u0131n mü\u0259llimi Aysu xan\u0131m Sad\u0131qova is\u0259 qeyd etdi ki, qanun al\u0259ti, h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n, q\u0259dim al\u0259tdir. O, tarixin ç\u0259tin s\u0131naqlar\u0131ndan ç\u0131xaraq günümüz\u0259 g\u0259lib çat\u0131b. Sovetl\u0259r birliyi zaman\u0131 qanun türkçülüyü t\u0259bli\u011f etdiyind\u0259n onun istifad\u0259sin\u0259 qada\u011falar qoyulmu\u015fdur. Lakin \u0130ttifaq\u0131n da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ill\u0259rd\u0259 bu al\u0259td\u0259n yenid\u0259n istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flan\u0131b v\u0259 bu gün musiqi al\u0259tl\u0259ri iç\u0259risind\u0259 özün\u0259m\u0259xsus yer tutur.<\/p>\n

Qanun haqq\u0131nda yazd\u0131qca yazmaq ist\u0259yir\u0259m, dan\u0131\u015fd\u0131qca is\u0259 dan\u0131\u015fmaq, bir sözl\u0259 bu musiqi al\u0259tind\u0259n b\u0259hs etm\u0259kd\u0259n doya bilmir\u0259m. Ona gör\u0259 ki, bu musiqi al\u0259ti ta q\u0259diml\u0259rd\u0259n bu gün\u0259d\u0259k bizim ür\u0259yimiz\u0259 yol tapma\u011f\u0131 bacar\u0131b. Özünün inc\u0259 s\u0259sl\u0259ni\u015fi, h\u0259zin s\u0259si il\u0259, dinl\u0259dikc\u0259 insan ruhunu sakitl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n, b\u0259z\u0259n keçmi\u015fi xat\u0131rladan, b\u0259z\u0259ns\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259yi ümidl\u0259 s\u0259sl\u0259y\u0259n qeyri-adi s\u0259si il\u0259 ! S\u0259ni s\u0259nd\u0259n al\u0131b duy\u011fular al\u0259minin sakinin\u0259 çevir\u0259n, bu dünyadan ay\u0131r\u0131b x\u0259yallar al\u0259min\u0259 salan ecazkar s\u0259si il\u0259!<\/p>\n

Röv\u015f\u0259n Tahir<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Musiqi insan ruhunun t\u0259mizl\u0259nm\u0259si, onun p\u0259rvazlanmas\u0131 üçün bir vasit\u0259dir. El\u0259 bir vasit\u0259 ki, insana xeyirxahl\u0131\u011fa, m\u0259n\u0259vi kamilliy\u0259 ged\u0259n yolda yol b\u0259l\u0259çisi olur. Musiqi ruhumuzun qidas\u0131d\u0131r. Bizi kövr\u0259ld\u0259n, h\u0259mçinin, q\u0259lbimizd\u0259 xo\u015f…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":251278,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-85102","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/85102","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=85102"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/85102\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/251278"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=85102"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=85102"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=85102"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}