{"id":80231,"date":"2019-05-21T12:41:56","date_gmt":"2019-05-21T08:41:56","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T20:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/?p=80231","title":{"rendered":"\u015e\u0259k\u0259rli i\u00e7kil\u0259rin ziyanlar\u0131: <\/font>Az\u0259rbaycanda \u015f\u0259k\u0259rli i\u00e7kil\u0259r\u0259 vergi t\u0259tbiqi g\u00f6zl\u0259nilirmi? – ARA\u015eDIRMA<\/font><\/b>"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u015e\u0259k\u0259rli içkil\u0259rin insan orqanizmi üçün z\u0259r\u0259rl\u0259ri böyükdür.<\/p>\n

Bel\u0259 ki, \u015f\u0259k\u0259rli qida m\u0259hsullar\u0131 normadan art\u0131q q\u0259bul edildik\u0259 orqanizmi art\u0131q kalori il\u0259 yükl\u0259yir. Dünya ölk\u0259l\u0259rinin apard\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0259crüb\u0259l\u0259r göst\u0259rir ki, q\u0259bul edil\u0259n \u015f\u0259k\u0259rli içkil\u0259r v\u0259 t\u0259rkibind\u0259 \u015f\u0259k\u0259r olan bir çox qida m\u0259hsullar\u0131 normadan art\u0131q q\u0259bul edildikd\u0259 t\u0259kc\u0259 \u015f\u0259k\u0259rli diabet x\u0259st\u0259liyi v\u0259 di\u015f çürüm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olmur, eyni zamanda insan sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 üçün ba\u015fqa f\u0259sadlara da yol aça bilir. Bu x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259r\u0259 qaraciy\u0259r piyl\u0259nm\u0259sini, h\u0259ddind\u0259n art\u0131q piyl\u0259nm\u0259 (obezite) v\u0259 ç\u0259ki problemini, yadda\u015f poz\u011funlu\u011funu, di\u015f v\u0259 di\u015f \u0259ti x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rini, immunitetin z\u0259ifl\u0259m\u0259sini, madd\u0259l\u0259r mübadil\u0259sinin pozulmas\u0131n\u0131, qida allergiyalar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131n\u0131, yüks\u0259k t\u0259zyiq (hipertoniya) \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259rinin ba\u015f qald\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 s. misal göst\u0259rm\u0259k olar.<\/p>\n

\u015e\u018fK\u018fRL\u0130 \u0130ÇK\u0130L\u018fR\u0130N Z\u0130YANLARI – DÜNYA T\u018fCRÜB\u018fS\u0130 N\u018f DEY\u0130R?<\/span><\/p>\n

Amerikal\u0131 müt\u0259x\u0259ssisl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n apar\u0131lan ara\u015fd\u0131rmaIara gör\u0259, \u015f\u0259k\u0259rli içki istifad\u0259si il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar dünyada h\u0259r il diabetd\u0259n 133 min, ür\u0259k v\u0259 damar x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rind\u0259n 44 min v\u0259 x\u0259rç\u0259ngd\u0259n 6 min insan dünyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fir. M\u0259lumdur ki, \u015f\u0259k\u0259rli içkil\u0259rin t\u0259rkibind\u0259 kalori v\u0259 \u015f\u0259k\u0259r çoxdur. \u015e\u0259k\u0259rli içki q\u0259bul etdikd\u0259 toxluq hissi yaranmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 üçün gün \u0259rzind\u0259 q\u0259bul etdiyiniz yem\u0259kl\u0259r art\u0131q ç\u0259kiy\u0259 v\u0259 h\u0259ddind\u0259n art\u0131q piyl\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olur. Bu gün Amerikada yetkin insanlar\u0131n 36%-i, g\u0259ncl\u0259rin is\u0259 17%-i \u015f\u0259k\u0259rli v\u0259 qazl\u0131 içkil\u0259r, soyuq çaylar v\u0259 dietik içkil\u0259r s\u0259b\u0259bil\u0259 h\u0259ddind\u0259n art\u0131q piyl\u0259nm\u0259d\u0259n \u0259ziyy\u0259t ç\u0259kirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n

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\"\u015f\u0259k\u0259rli<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

Apar\u0131lan son t\u0259dqiqatlara gör\u0259, orta ya\u015f qrupuna daxil olan insanlar gün \u0259rzind\u0259 müt\u0259madi olaraq \u015f\u0259k\u0259rli içki q\u0259bul etdikd\u0259, orqanizmd\u0259 mövcud olan ya\u011flar\u0131n h\u0259m keyfiyy\u0259ti, h\u0259m d\u0259 miqdar\u0131 k\u0259skin \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fir. AB\u015e-\u0131n "Framingham" Universitetinin t\u0259dqiqat\u0131na c\u0259lb edil\u0259n 1000-d\u0259n çox insandan al\u0131nan nümun\u0259l\u0259rin analiz n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 gör\u0259, ümumiyy\u0259tl\u0259 \u015f\u0259k\u0259rli içki q\u0259bul ed\u0259nl\u0259rl\u0259 \u015f\u0259k\u0259rli içki q\u0259bul etm\u0259y\u0259nl\u0259ri müqayis\u0259 etdikd\u0259, bu qrup insanlarda daxili piyl\u0259nm\u0259nin yüks\u0259k oldu\u011fu ortaya ç\u0131x\u0131b. Bundan ba\u015fqa, \u015f\u0259k\u0259rli içki istehlak\u0131 yüks\u0259k olan insanlar\u0131n müt\u0259madi olaraq idmanla m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olmalar\u0131na baxmayaraq, bu qrup insanlarda eyni zamanda, ya\u011flar\u0131n \u0259rim\u0259 sür\u0259tind\u0259 d\u0259 ciddi yava\u015flama mü\u015fahid\u0259 edilir. Sad\u0259 dild\u0259 des\u0259k, yüks\u0259k miqdarda \u015f\u0259k\u0259rli içki q\u0259bulu, daxili piyl\u0259nm\u0259ni art\u0131rmaqla yana\u015f\u0131, piyl\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olan ya\u011flar\u0131n orqanizm\u0259 bird\u0259f\u0259lik yerl\u0259\u015fm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olur. \u015e\u0259k\u0259rli içkil\u0259rin istifad\u0259sin\u0259 gör\u0259 x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rin \u0259n çox yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ölk\u0259l\u0259r Lat\u0131n Amerikas\u0131 ölk\u0259l\u0259ridir. Xüsus\u0259n Meksikada \u015f\u0259k\u0259rli içkil\u0259rd\u0259n istifad\u0259 miqdar\u0131 yüks\u0259kdir.<\/p>\n

Dünyan\u0131n müxt\u0259lif ölk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 \u015f\u0259k\u0259rli içkil\u0259rd\u0259n istifad\u0259ni minimuma endirm\u0259k üçün bir s\u0131ra add\u0131mlar at\u0131l\u0131b ki, onlardan biri d\u0259 bu növ m\u0259hsullara vergi t\u0259tbiq edilm\u0259sidir. H\u0259tta 2016-c\u0131 Ümumdünya S\u0259hiyy\u0259 T\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131 dünya dövl\u0259tl\u0259rini bu m\u0259hsullara 20% vergi t\u0259tbiq etm\u0259y\u0259 ça\u011f\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

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\"\u015e\u0259k\u0259rli<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

B\u0259s gör\u0259s\u0259n ölk\u0259mizd\u0259 bel\u0259 içkil\u0259rin istifad\u0259sinin azald\u0131lmas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 hans\u0131 t\u0259dbirl\u0259r h\u0259yata keçirilir v\u0259 ya h\u0259r hans\u0131 verginin t\u0259tbiqi gözl\u0259nilirmi?<\/span>

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\nM\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan Qida T\u0259hlük\u0259sizliyi Agentliyind\u0259n (AQTA) "Finans.az"a bildirilib ki, \u015f\u0259k\u0259rli içkil\u0259r\u0259 vergi t\u0259tbiq eidlm\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 AQTA t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir t\u0259klif ir\u0259li sürülm\u0259yib:

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\n"Agentlik t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n Bak\u0131da v\u0259 regionlarda sa\u011flam qidalanman\u0131n t\u0259\u015fviqi, qida t\u0259hlük\u0259sizliyi anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259bli\u011f edilm\u0259si v\u0259 \u015fagirdl\u0259r\u0259 qida t\u0259hlük\u0259sizliyi v\u0259rdi\u015fl\u0259rinin a\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 m\u0259qs\u0259di il\u0259 h\u0259yata keçiril\u0259n “Sa\u011flam m\u0259kt\u0259bli” layih\u0259sind\u0259 m\u0259kt\u0259blil\u0259r\u0259 \u015f\u0259k\u0259rin ziyanlar\u0131 haqq\u0131nda t\u0259qdimatlar olunur, eyni zamanda Agentliyin haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 maarifl\u0259ndirici video-çarx \u015fagirdl\u0259rl\u0259 payla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Lakin bu növ m\u0259hsullara vergi t\u0259tbiqi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259fimizd\u0259n heç bir t\u0259klif ir\u0259li sürülm\u0259yib".<\/p>\n

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\"\u015f\u0259k\u0259rli<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\u0130qtisadç\u0131 ekspert Anar Bayramovun sözl\u0259rin\u0259 gör\u0259, \u015f\u0259k\u0259rli içkil\u0259r\u0259 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 aksiz vergisi 1930-cu ild\u0259 Danimarka da t\u0259tbiq edilib:<\/p>\n

"Almaniya v\u0259 \u0130sveçd\u0259 istehsal olunan \u015f\u0259k\u0259rli qazl\u0131 içkil\u0259rin Danimarka bazar\u0131n\u0131 \u0259l\u0259 keçirm\u0259sind\u0259n sonra 2013-cü ild\u0259n etibar\u0259n art\u0131q bu vergi l\u0259\u011fv edildi. \u015e\u0259k\u0259rli içkil\u0259r\u0259 vergi t\u0259tbiq ed\u0259n ölk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biri d\u0259 Meksikad\u0131r. Ara\u015fd\u0131rma zaman\u0131 m\u0259lum olub ki, Meksikada \u015f\u0259k\u0259rli içkil\u0259r\u0259 vergi t\u0259tbiq edildikd\u0259n sonra bu cür m\u0259hsullar\u0131n qiym\u0259ti 10-12% art\u0131b v\u0259 bu m\u0259hsullar\u0131n istehlak\u0131 birinci il 5.5%, ikinci il is\u0259 9.7% a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 dü\u015füb. Estoniyada da keç\u0259n ild\u0259n t\u0259rkibind\u0259 h\u0259r 100 ml-d\u0259 5-8 qram \u015f\u0259k\u0259r olan içkil\u0259rin bir litrin\u0259 0,10 avro (t\u0259xmin\u0259n 20 q\u0259pik) vergi t\u0259tbiq edilm\u0259si q\u0259rara al\u0131n\u0131b. \u0130çkinin t\u0259rkibind\u0259ki \u015f\u0259k\u0259rin miqdar\u0131ndan as\u0131l\u0131 olaraq, bu göst\u0259rici d\u0259 üç d\u0259f\u0259y\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. AB\u015e-\u0131n bir \u015ftat\u0131nda da \u015f\u0259k\u0259rli içkil\u0259r\u0259 vergi t\u0259tbiq edilib. Ümumiyy\u0259tl\u0259 haz\u0131rda Bruney, Fransa, Meksika, S\u0259udiyy\u0259 \u018fr\u0259bistan\u0131, Tayland v\u0259 Birl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f Krall\u0131q da daxil olmaqla dünyan\u0131n 40-a yax\u0131n ölk\u0259si \u015f\u0259k\u0259rli içkil\u0259r\u0259 vergi t\u0259tbiq edirl\u0259r. Çilid\u0259 18%-\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r, B\u018f\u018f-d\u0259 50%, Böyük Britaniyada is\u0259 \u0259g\u0259r 100 ml t\u0259rkibd\u0259 5 qram \u015f\u0259k\u0259r varsa, h\u0259r litrin\u0259 18 penni (t\u0259xmin\u0259n 40 q\u0259pik), 100 ml-d\u0259 8 qramdan yuxar\u0131 \u015f\u0259k\u0259r varsa, h\u0259r litrin\u0259 24 penni (t\u0259xmin\u0259n 53 q\u0259pik) vergi t\u0259tbiq edilir. Böyük Britaniyada \u015f\u0259k\u0259rli içkil\u0259r\u0259 t\u0259tbiq edil\u0259n vergiy\u0259 gör\u0259 dövl\u0259t büdc\u0259sin\u0259 ild\u0259 1 milyard funt sterlinq \u0259lav\u0259 v\u0259sait daxil olur. Ara\u015fd\u0131rma zaman\u0131 m\u0259lum olur ki, \u015f\u0259k\u0259rli içkil\u0259r\u0259 vergi t\u0259tbiqind\u0259n sonra onlar\u0131n qiym\u0259tl\u0259ri yüks\u0259ldiyin\u0259 gör\u0259 \u0259hali aras\u0131nda bu m\u0259hsullardan istifad\u0259 azal\u0131b. Bu, h\u0259m d\u0259 ail\u0259l\u0259rin \u015f\u0259xsi büdc\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 q\u0259na\u0259t dem\u0259kdir".<\/p>\n

\u015e\u018fK\u018fRL\u0130 \u0130ÇK\u0130L\u018fR\u0130N H\u018fR L\u0130TR\u0130N\u018f 1 MANAT AKS\u0130Z VERG\u0130S\u0130N\u0130N T\u018fTB\u0130Q\u0130 M\u018fQS\u018fD\u018fUY\u011eUN OLARDI<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130qtisadç\u0131-ekspert Anar Bayramov qeyd edib ki, dünya praktikas\u0131nda oldu\u011fu kimi, Az\u0259rbaycanda da \u015f\u0259k\u0259rli içkil\u0259r\u0259 aksiz vergisi t\u0259tbiq etm\u0259k mümkündür: "Bunun üçün h\u0259m \u0259sas, h\u0259m d\u0259 qanunvericilik bazas\u0131 mövcuddur. Bildiyimiz kimi analoji olaraq spirtli içkil\u0259rin, tütün m\u0259mulatlar\u0131n\u0131n istehsal\u0131na, idxal\u0131na aksiz vergisi t\u0259tbiq edilir. M\u0259lum oldu\u011fu 01 yanvar 2019-cu il tarixind\u0259n q\u0259bul edilmi\u015f yeni Vergi M\u0259c\u0259ll\u0259sin\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n alkoqollu v\u0259 alkoqolsuz energetik içkil\u0259r\u0259 aksiz vergil\u0259r t\u0259tbiq edilm\u0259sin\u0259 ba\u015flan\u0131b. M\u0259lumat üçün dey\u0259k ki, Vergi M\u0259c\u0259ll\u0259sind\u0259 alkoqollu energetik içkil\u0259rin h\u0259r litrin\u0259 2.00 manat, alkoqolsuz energetik içkil\u0259rin h\u0259r litrin\u0259 3.00 manat aksiz vergisi t\u0259tbiq edilir. \u015e\u0259k\u0259rli içkil\u0259rin h\u0259r litrin\u0259 1.00 manat aksiz vergisinin t\u0259tbiq edilm\u0259si m\u0259nc\u0259 daha m\u0259qs\u0259d\u0259 uy\u011fun olard\u0131". <\/span>"T\u0259bii ki, ancaq \u015f\u0259k\u0259rli içkil\u0259r\u0259 vergi t\u0259tbiq etm\u0259kl\u0259 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259ni h\u0259ll etm\u0259k mümkün deyildir v\u0259 bu yol v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259n yegan\u0259 ç\u0131x\u0131\u015f yolu deyil. Bununla yana\u015f\u0131 dietoloqlar, h\u0259kiml\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n kütl\u0259vi informasiya vasit\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259, m\u0259kt\u0259bl\u0259rd\u0259 yüks\u0259k maarifl\u0259ndirm\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259ri apar\u0131lmal\u0131, dig\u0259r alternativ t\u0259bii, orqanik qidalar\u0131n, m\u0259hsullar\u0131n istehsal\u0131n\u0131 stimulla\u015fd\u0131rmal\u0131, qidalanma etiketl\u0259ri haz\u0131rlanmal\u0131 v\u0259 dig\u0259r t\u0259dbirl\u0259r h\u0259yata keçirilm\u0259lidir. Ancaq bu zaman görül\u0259n t\u0259dbirl\u0259r öz müsb\u0259t effektini ver\u0259c\u0259kdir", – dey\u0259 ekspert \u0259lav\u0259 edib<\/p>\n

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\"\u015f\u0259k\u0259rli<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

Az\u0259rbaycanda \u015f\u0259k\u0259rli içkil\u0259r\u0259 vergi t\u0259tbiq olunub-olunmayaca\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 "Finans.az"\u0131n sual\u0131na cavab olaraq Vergil\u0259r Nazirlyinin m\u0259tbuat xidm\u0259tinin r\u0259hb\u0259ri \u015eahin M\u0259mm\u0259dov bildirib ki, Az\u0259rbaycanda qida t\u0259hlük\u0259sizliyi sah\u0259sind\u0259 dövl\u0259t t\u0259nziml\u0259m\u0259sinin v\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259t sisteminin t\u0259kmill\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si üçün bir müdd\u0259t \u0259vv\u0259l Dövl\u0259t Proqram\u0131 t\u0259sdiq edilib: \u018fhalinin \u0259rzaq t\u0259hlük\u0259sizliyinin t\u0259min edilm\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 müxt\u0259lif qurumlar s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri ç\u0259rçiv\u0259sind\u0259 t\u0259\u015f\u0259bbüsl\u0259r h\u0259yata keçirirl\u0259r. Az\u0259rbaycanda sa\u011flaml\u0131q üçün z\u0259r\u0259rli olan qida m\u0259hsullar\u0131n\u0131n istehlak\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 üçün cari ild\u0259n energetik içkil\u0259r\u0259 münasib\u0259td\u0259 aksiz vergisi t\u0259tbiq olunur. T\u0259tbiq olunan vergi d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259si onu dem\u0259y\u0259 \u0259sas verir ki, burada m\u0259qs\u0259d bu sah\u0259d\u0259n g\u0259lir \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k yox, \u0259halinin z\u0259r\u0259rli qidalardan istifad\u0259 s\u0259viyy\u0259sini azaltmaqd\u0131r. Bir daha qeyd ed\u0259k ki, "\u015f\u0259k\u0259r vergisi" son ill\u0259r dünyada \u0259halinin sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 qorumaq m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 \u015f\u0259k\u0259r istehlak\u0131n\u0131 azaltma\u011fa yön\u0259ldilmi\u015f vergi növüdür. \u015e\u0259k\u0259r t\u0259rkibli m\u0259hsullara vergi t\u0259tbiq etm\u0259kd\u0259 m\u0259qs\u0259d c\u0259miyy\u0259tin qida v\u0259rdi\u015fl\u0259rinin qaydaya sal\u0131nmas\u0131 v\u0259 z\u0259r\u0259rli qidalardan daha az istifad\u0259 etm\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 nail olmaqd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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\"\u015f\u0259k\u0259rli<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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