{"id":78128,"date":"2019-04-15T18:11:02","date_gmt":"2019-04-15T14:11:02","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T20:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/?p=78128","title":{"rendered":"\u0130lkin m\u00fcqavil\u0259 \u0259sas m\u00fcqavil\u0259 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulmu\u015f formada ba\u011flan\u0131r"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0130lkin müqavil\u0259nin formas\u0131na dair qaydalara \u0259m\u0259l edilm\u0259m\u0259si onun \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tsizliyin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olur<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mülki-hüquqi müqavil\u0259l\u0259r üç qrupa bölünür: 1) \u0259mlak\u0131n verilm\u0259si bar\u0259d\u0259 müqavil\u0259l\u0259r; 2) i\u015fl\u0259rin görülm\u0259si bar\u0259d\u0259 müqavil\u0259l\u0259r; 3) xidm\u0259tl\u0259rin göst\u0259rilm\u0259si bar\u0259d\u0259 müqavil\u0259l\u0259r. Bu t\u0259snifat Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n möcvud mülki qanunvericiliyind\u0259 d\u0259 öz \u0259ksini tapm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bel\u0259 ki, Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n Mülki M\u0259c\u0259ll\u0259sinin 402.1-ci madd\u0259sind\u0259 qeyd olunur ilkin müqavil\u0259y\u0259 gör\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259r h\u0259min müqavil\u0259d\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulmu\u015f \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259rl\u0259 \u0259mlak\u0131n verilm\u0259si, i\u015fl\u0259rin görülm\u0259si v\u0259 ya xidm\u0259tl\u0259rin göst\u0259rilm\u0259si bar\u0259d\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 müqavil\u0259 (\u0259sas müqavil\u0259) ba\u011flama\u011f\u0131 öhd\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 götürürl\u0259r. Ümumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, bu madd\u0259  il\u0259 ilkin müqavil\u0259 t\u0259nziml\u0259nir. Madd\u0259nin dig\u0259r b\u0259ndl\u0259rin\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n, ilkin müqavil\u0259 \u0259sas müqavil\u0259 üçün n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulmu\u015f formada ba\u011flan\u0131r. \u0130lkin müqavil\u0259nin formas\u0131na dair qaydalara \u0259m\u0259l edilm\u0259m\u0259si onun \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tsizliyin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olur. \u018fsas müqavil\u0259nin predmetini, habel\u0259 dig\u0259r mühüm \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259rini mü\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259y\u0259 imkan ver\u0259n \u015f\u0259rtl\u0259r göst\u0259rilm\u0259lidir. O ilkin müqavil\u0259d\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259rin \u0259sas müqavil\u0259ni hans\u0131 müdd\u0259td\u0259 ba\u011flama\u011f\u0131 öhd\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 götürdükl\u0259ri göst\u0259rilir. \u018fg\u0259r bu müdd\u0259t mü\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259yibs\u0259, \u0259sas müqavil\u0259 ilkin müqavil\u0259nin ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 andan bir il müdd\u0259tind\u0259 ba\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu müqavil\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259rin onu ba\u011flamal\u0131 oldu\u011fu müdd\u0259t qurtarana q\u0259d\u0259r ba\u011flanmazsa v\u0259 ya t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259rd\u0259n biri dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259f\u0259 h\u0259min müqavil\u0259ni ba\u011flamaq bar\u0259d\u0259 t\u0259klif gönd\u0259rm\u0259zs\u0259, ilkin müqavil\u0259d\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulmu\u015f öhd\u0259likl\u0259r\u0259 xitam verilir.<\/p>\n

Niyy\u0259t raz\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131nda (niyy\u0259t protokolunda v\u0259 s.) t\u0259r\u0259fl\u0259rin ona ilkin müqavil\u0259 qüvv\u0259si verm\u0259k irad\u0259si birba\u015fa ifad\u0259 olunmay\u0131bsa, o, mülki hüquq n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri do\u011furmur.<\/p>\n

 Bununla bel\u0259, n\u0259z\u0259ri bax\u0131mdan \u0259mlak\u0131n verilm\u0259si bar\u0259d\u0259 müqavil\u0259l\u0259r qrupuna daxil olan müqavil\u0259l\u0259ri eynil\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k nisb\u0259t\u0259n asand\u0131r. Çünki MM-nnin 135.2-ci madd\u0259sind\u0259 (\u018f\u015fya hüququnun obyektl\u0259ri\u2016) mülki hüquq münasib\u0259tl\u0259rinin obyekti kimi \u0259mlak\u0131n t\u0259rifi verilmi\u015fdir: ist\u0259nil\u0259n \u0259\u015fyalar\u0131n v\u0259 qeyri-maddi \u0259mlak nem\u0259tl\u0259rinin toplusudur.  Mülki M\u0259c\u0259ll\u0259nin 135-ci madd\u0259sin\u0259 gör\u0259, bitkil\u0259r v\u0259 heyvanlar \u0259\u015fya deyildir. Onlar\u0131n hüquqi v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti xüsusi qanunlarla mü\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirilir. \u018fg\u0259r qanunvericilikd\u0259 ayr\u0131 qayda mü\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259yibs\u0259, \u0259\u015fyalar\u0131n hüquqi v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti bitkil\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 heyvanlara da \u015famil edilir. \u018f\u015fyalar is\u0259 da\u015f\u0131nmaz v\u0259 da\u015f\u0131nar ola bil\u0259r. Torpaq sah\u0259l\u0259ri, yer t\u0259ki sah\u0259l\u0259ri, ayr\u0131ca su obyektl\u0259ri, me\u015f\u0259l\u0259r, çoxillik \u0259km\u0259l\u0259r, binalar, qur\u011fular v\u0259 torpaqla möhk\u0259m ba\u011fl\u0131 olan (ondan ayr\u0131la bilm\u0259y\u0259n) dig\u0259r \u0259\u015fyalar, y\u0259ni t\u0259yinat\u0131na t\u0259nasübsüz z\u0259r\u0259r vurulmadan yerinin d\u0259yi\u015fdirilm\u0259si mümkün olmayan obyektl\u0259r da\u015f\u0131nmaz \u0259\u015fyalard\u0131r. Torpaq sah\u0259si v\u0259 torpaqla möhk\u0259m ba\u011fl\u0131 olan (ondan ayr\u0131la bilm\u0259y\u0259n) \u0259\u015fya vahid da\u015f\u0131nmaz \u0259\u015fyad\u0131r v\u0259 vahid mülkiyy\u0259t obyektidir. Da\u015f\u0131nmaz \u0259\u015fyalara aid edil\u0259 bilm\u0259y\u0259n bütün \u0259\u015fyalar da\u015f\u0131nar \u0259\u015fyalar say\u0131l\u0131r. Ba\u015fqa \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r\u0259 veril\u0259 bil\u0259n v\u0259 ya sahibin\u0259 maddi fayda v\u0259 ya ba\u015fqa \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rd\u0259n n\u0259yi is\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259b etm\u0259k hüququ verm\u0259k üçün n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulan t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259r v\u0259 hüquqlar qeyri-maddi \u0259mlak nem\u0259tl\u0259ridir. Qeyri-maddi \u0259mlak nem\u0259tl\u0259ri (t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259r v\u0259 hüquqlar) il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 münasib\u0259tl\u0259r onlar\u0131n h\u0259r birin\u0259 aid olan xüsusi qanunvericiliyin müdd\u0259alar\u0131na müvafiq olaraq t\u0259nziml\u0259nir. Ba\u015fqa \u0259\u015fyalardan yaln\u0131z özl\u0259rin\u0259 xas \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 gör\u0259 ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f f\u0259rdi-mü\u0259yy\u0259n \u0259\u015fyalar \u0259v\u0259zedilm\u0259z \u0259\u015fyalar say\u0131l\u0131r. Növ \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 gör\u0259 f\u0259rql\u0259n\u0259n, dövriyy\u0259d\u0259 ad\u0259t\u0259n say, ölçü v\u0259 ya ç\u0259ki il\u0259 mü\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdiril\u0259n da\u015f\u0131nar \u0259\u015fyalar \u0259v\u0259zedil\u0259n \u0259\u015fyalar say\u0131l\u0131r. T\u0259yinat\u0131 istehlak olunmaqdan v\u0259 ya özg\u0259ninkil\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259kd\u0259n ibar\u0259t olan da\u015f\u0131nar \u0259\u015fyalar istehlak edil\u0259n \u0259\u015fyalard\u0131r. \u018fg\u0259r müxt\u0259lif növlü \u0259\u015fyalar ümumi t\u0259yinat üzr\u0259 istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259sini n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutan vahid tam yarad\u0131rlarsa, bir \u0259mlak (mür\u0259kk\u0259b \u0259mlak) say\u0131l\u0131rlar. Mür\u0259kk\u0259b \u0259mlak bar\u0259sind\u0259 ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f \u0259qdin qüvv\u0259si, \u0259g\u0259r müqavil\u0259d\u0259 ayr\u0131 qayda n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulmay\u0131bsa, onun bütün t\u0259rkib hiss\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 \u015famil edilir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 Daha ciddi problem is\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259rin görülm\u0259si v\u0259 xidm\u0259tl\u0259rin göst\u0259rilm\u0259si bar\u0259d\u0259 müqavil\u0259l\u0259rin f\u0259rql\u0259ndirilm\u0259sind\u0259dir. \u018fmlak\u0131n verilm\u0259si bar\u0259d\u0259 müqavil\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n f\u0259rqli olaraq, i\u015fl\u0259rin görülm\u0259si v\u0259 xidm\u0259tl\u0259rin göst\u0259rilm\u0259si bar\u0259d\u0259 müqavil\u0259l\u0259rin predmeti \u0259mlak deyil, h\u0259r hans\u0131 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tdir. Sad\u0259 des\u0259k, bu müqavil\u0259l\u0259r üzr\u0259 borclu kreditora n\u0259 is\u0259 verm\u0259li deyil, onun üçün n\u0259 is\u0259 etm\u0259lidir. Buna gör\u0259 d\u0259 müqavil\u0259 predmeti olan bu f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin hans\u0131 hallarda i\u015f, hans\u0131 hallarda is\u0259 xidm\u0259t olmas\u0131 problemin m\u0259\u011fzidir. T\u0259bii ki, m\u0259i\u015f\u0259td\u0259 v\u0259 b\u0259lk\u0259 d\u0259 h\u0259tta filoloji bax\u0131mdan bu terminl\u0259rin ciddi f\u0259rqi yoxdur. \u0130\u015f gör\u0259n xidm\u0259t göst\u0259rir, xidm\u0259t göst\u0259r\u0259n is\u0259 i\u015f görür. Lakin m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259nin hüquqi t\u0259snifatla ba\u011fl\u0131 olmas\u0131 v\u0259 bu t\u0259snifat\u0131n s\u0131rf n\u0259z\u0259ri deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 real praktiki \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t da\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 i\u015f v\u0259 xidm\u0259t aras\u0131nda f\u0259rqin mü\u0259yy\u0259n edilm\u0259sini z\u0259ruri edir. \u018fmlakdan f\u0259rqli olaraq, i\u015f v\u0259 xidm\u0259tin t\u0259rifi MM-d\u0259 verilm\u0259yib. Dig\u0259r normativ-hüquqi aktlarda da onlar\u0131n birm\u0259nal\u0131 anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131 mövcud deyil. Bel\u0259 ki, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n “Dövl\u0259t sat\u0131nalmalar\u0131 haqq\u0131nda” Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n Qanununun 2-ci madd\u0259sind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259r dedikd\u0259 binan\u0131n, qur\u011funun v\u0259 ya obyektin layih\u0259l\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si, tikintisi, yenid\u0259n qurulmas\u0131, sökülm\u0259si, t\u0259miri, o cüml\u0259d\u0259n tikinti meydanças\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131, avadanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n qurulmas\u0131, in\u015faat, qura\u015fd\u0131rma, tamamlama v\u0259 ya torpaq i\u015fl\u0259ri, habel\u0259 bunlarla \u0259laq\u0259dar qazma, geodeziya, elmi-konstruktor, geoloji-k\u0259\u015ffiyyat, peykd\u0259n ç\u0259kili\u015f, n\u0259\u015fr v\u0259 çap i\u015fl\u0259ri, seysmik t\u0259dqiqat v\u0259 sat\u0131nalma müqavil\u0259sin\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n dig\u0259r i\u015fl\u0259r , xidm\u0259tl\u0259r dedikd\u0259 xidm\u0259tl\u0259r – mallardan v\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259rd\u0259n ba\u015fqa, h\u0259r hans\u0131 dig\u0259r sat\u0131nalma predmeti n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulur.  Göründüyü kimi, burada i\u015f v\u0259 xidm\u0259ti biri-birind\u0259n f\u0259rql\u0259ndir\u0259n meyar mü\u0259yy\u0259n edilyib. Buna gör\u0259 d\u0259 borclunun h\u0259r hans\u0131 h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tini i\u015f hesab etm\u0259k olar. T\u0259sadüfi deyil ki, el\u0259 h\u0259min madd\u0259d\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259ri gör\u0259n v\u0259 xidm\u0259tl\u0259ri göst\u0259r\u0259n eyni terminl\u0259 podratç\u0131 adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu qanunun 1-ci madd\u0259si is\u0259 onun t\u0259tbiq dair\u0259sini t\u0259nziml\u0259yir. 1-ci madd\u0259y\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n, Qanun, bu qanunun 1.2-ci madd\u0259sinin müdd\u0259alar\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131nmaqla, Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131nda dövl\u0259t mü\u0259ssis\u0259 v\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131 (idar\u0259l\u0259ri), nizamnam\u0259 fondunda dövl\u0259tin pay\u0131 30 faiz v\u0259 daha çox olan mü\u0259ssis\u0259 v\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkilatlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n mallar\u0131n (i\u015fl\u0259rin v\u0259 xidm\u0259tl\u0259rin) dövl\u0259t v\u0259saitl\u0259ri, dövl\u0259tin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 dövl\u0259t z\u0259man\u0259ti il\u0259 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f kreditl\u0259r v\u0259 qrantlar hesab\u0131na sat\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131na \u015famil edilir. Dövl\u0259t mü\u0259ssis\u0259 v\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131 (idar\u0259l\u0259ri) t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n \u0259rzaq m\u0259hsullar\u0131n\u0131n (dövl\u0259t tax\u0131l fondu üçün al\u0131nan bu\u011fda istisna olmaqla) m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015f qaydada dövl\u0259t büdc\u0259sinin v\u0259saitl\u0259ri hesab\u0131na sat\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 müvafiq icra hakimiyy\u0259ti orqan\u0131n\u0131n mü\u0259yy\u0259n etdiyi qaydada h\u0259yata keçirilir (1.2).<\/p>\n

Ümumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, bu qanun Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131nda dövl\u0259t sat\u0131nalmalar\u0131n\u0131n iqtisadi, hüquqi v\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkilati \u0259saslar\u0131n\u0131 mü\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirir, sat\u0131nalmalar zaman\u0131 dövl\u0259t v\u0259saitind\u0259n s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259li v\u0259 q\u0259na\u0259tl\u0259 istifad\u0259 edilm\u0259si, müsabiq\u0259 v\u0259 a\u015fkarl\u0131q \u0259sas\u0131nda bütün malgönd\u0259r\u0259nl\u0259r\u0259 (podratç\u0131lara) b\u0259rab\u0259r r\u0259qab\u0259t mühiti yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 prinsipl\u0259ri v\u0259 qaydalar\u0131n\u0131 mü\u0259yy\u0259n edir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130lkin müqavil\u0259nin formas\u0131na dair qaydalara \u0259m\u0259l edilm\u0259m\u0259si onun \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tsizliyin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olur Mülki-hüquqi müqavil\u0259l\u0259r üç qrupa bölünür: 1) \u0259mlak\u0131n verilm\u0259si bar\u0259d\u0259 müqavil\u0259l\u0259r; 2) i\u015fl\u0259rin görülm\u0259si bar\u0259d\u0259 müqavil\u0259l\u0259r; 3) xidm\u0259tl\u0259rin göst\u0259rilm\u0259si bar\u0259d\u0259…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":251278,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-78128","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-esas"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78128","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=78128"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78128\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/251278"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=78128"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=78128"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=78128"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}