{"id":57425,"date":"2018-01-24T12:05:42","date_gmt":"2018-01-24T08:05:42","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T20:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/?p=57425","title":{"rendered":"Q\u0259dim Tiflisin q\u0259dim m\u0259scidl\u0259ri"},"content":{"rendered":"

  Dünyada olan \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r aras\u0131nda Tiflisin d\u0259 özün\u0259 m\u0259xsus yeri vard\u0131r. Burada müxt\u0259lif dinl\u0259r\u0259 qulluq ed\u0259n dindarlar\u0131n ibad\u0259t yerl\u0259ri, m\u0259b\u0259dl\u0259ri öz-özlüyünd\u0259 bu q\u0259dim \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin göz\u0259llik çalarlar\u0131na koloritin\u0259 öz cizgil\u0259rini,öz\u0259llikl\u0259rini \u0259lav\u0259 edir. Onlar bir-birin\u0259 çox yax\u0131n olub. Bir çevr\u0259ni t\u0259\u015fkil edibl\u0259r. Onlar\u0131n  q\u0259dim Tiflisin  m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259  oldu\u011fu yer dördbucaq h\u0259nd\u0259si fiquru \u0259ks etdirirmi\u015f. \u0130fad\u0259mi keçmi\u015f zamanda ona gör\u0259 qeyd etdim ki, bu fiqurun bir ucunu t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259n  \u015fah Abbas m\u0259scidi haz\u0131rda mövcud deyildir. O, yaln\u0131z o dövrd\u0259 ya\u015fayan r\u0259ssamlar\u0131n \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259, fotoqraflar\u0131n \u015f\u0259kill\u0259rind\u0259  qorunub saxlan\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Odur ki, bu m\u0259scidl\u0259r bar\u0259d\u0259  mü\u0259yy\u0259n m\u0259lumat verm\u0259k ist\u0259yir\u0259m. <\/em><\/p>\n

 Tiflisd\u0259  müs\u0259lman  \u0259halisi  \u0259r\u0259bl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n  i\u015f\u011faldan sonra VIII \u0259srd\u0259n \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259ldi. Orta  \u0259srl\u0259r boyu  burada  bir neç\u0259 m\u0259scid in\u015fa olunub.  Mü\u0259yy\u0259n bir vaxt Tiflisd\u0259 bir neç\u0259 m\u0259scid f\u0259aliyy\u0259t göst\u0259rirmi\u015f. Onun b\u0259zil\u0259ri Nadir \u015fah\u0131n Gürcüstana hücumu zaman\u0131 darmada\u011f\u0131n edilmi\u015fdi. Müs\u0259lman q\u0259biristanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, indiki N\u0259batat ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, haz\u0131rk\u0131 Cüm\u0259 m\u0259scidinin üst yan\u0131nda m\u0259scid mövcud olub. \u0130ndiki Cüm\u0259 m\u0259scidi öz simas\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259f\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fmi\u015fdir. XIX \u0259srin sonlar\u0131nda is\u0259 m\u0259scid haz\u0131rki formasm\u0131n alm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. 
\n Nari\u011falan\u0131n \u0259t\u0259yind\u0259, indiki  N\u0259batat  küç\u0259sinin sonunda, 1723-1735-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 Tiflisi \u0259l\u0259 keçir\u0259n zaman  osmanl\u0131lar sünni m\u0259scidi in\u015fla edibl\u0259r ki,  bunu da h\u0259min vaxtlar  iranl\u0131lar 1740-c\u0131 ild\u0259 da\u011f\u0131d\u0131blar.  1846-1851-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259  m\u0259scid memar Covanni Skudiyerin layih\u0259si \u0259sas\u0131nda b\u0259rpa olunub, lakin XIX \u0259srin sonunda  onu da da\u011f\u0131d\u0131blar v\u0259 yerind\u0259 yenisi in\u015fa edibl\u0259r ki, bu da haz\u0131rda  Tiflisin f\u0259aliyy\u0259td\u0259 olan yegan\u0259 m\u0259scididir. <\/p>\n

Bütün müs\u0259lman al\u0259mind\u0259 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f milyonçu – neftxuda Hac\u0131 Zeynalabdin Ta\u011f\u0131yev Tiflis\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259rk\u0259n (o, Tiflisd\u0259 Mixaylovski küç\u0259sind\u0259, indiki Qurucu David prospektind\u0259 torpaq icar\u0259y\u0259 götür\u0259r\u0259k, bez istehsal ed\u0259n fabrik tikdirmi\u015fdi) Cüm\u0259 m\u0259scidin\u0259 ba\u015f ç\u0259kmi\u015f, onun tikintisinin ba\u015fa çatd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 üçün mü\u0259yy\u0259n m\u0259bl\u0259\u011fd\u0259 ian\u0259 vermi\u015fdir.
\nJ. Turnefor «\u015e\u0259rq ölk\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 s\u0259yah\u0259t» \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 yaz\u0131r:
\n «Tiflisd\u0259 be\u015f yunan qaydas\u0131nda olan kils\u0259 vard\u0131r, dördü \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259, biri d\u0259 \u015f\u0259h\u0259r \u0259traf\u0131 m\u0259h\u0259ll\u0259d\u0259. El\u0259 burada yeddi erm\u0259ni kils\u0259si, Qalada iki m\u0259scid vard\u0131r. Üçüncü m\u0259scid d\u0259 vard\u0131, lakin haz\u0131rda bax\u0131ms\u0131z v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259dir».   
\n Orta \u0259s¬rl\u0259rd\u0259 Meydan t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n kör¬püy\u0259 do\u011fru ged\u0259n dar küç\u0259 dükanlarla dolu idi. Körpü yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sahild\u0259 axtalal\u0131 yepiskopun yerl\u0259\u015fdiyi, Konstantin v\u0259 Yelena ad\u0131na tikilmi\u015f kils\u0259 var idi. Onu monqollar uçurmu\u015flar. Onun b\u0259rpas\u0131ndan sonra yen\u0259 d\u0259 \u015eah Abbas\u0131n hücumu zaman\u0131 da\u011f\u0131d\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Onun yerind\u0259 XIX \u0259srd\u0259 üçm\u0259rt\u0259b\u0259li karvansara tikilmi\u015fdir. 1522-ci ild\u0259 \u015eah \u0130smay\u0131l\u0131n qo\u015funlar\u0131n\u0131n hücumu zaman\u0131 da\u011f\u0131d\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kiçik kils\u0259nin yerind\u0259 bilavasit\u0259 körpünün yan\u0131nda \u015fi\u0259 m\u0259scidi tikilmi\u015fdir. Sonralar \u015eah Abbas\u0131n hücumu zaman\u0131 (1606-c\u0131 il) m\u0259scid geni\u015fl\u0259ndirilmi\u015f, minar\u0259l\u0259r ucald\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. M\u0259scid \u015fah Abbas\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 da\u015f\u0131y\u0131rd\u0131. Böyük V\u0259t\u0259n müharib\u0259sind\u0259n sonra yeni körpünün tikili\u015fi il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar m\u0259scid uçurulmu\u015fdur. 
\n\u0130ranl\u0131lar\u0131n son hücumu zaman\u0131, 1795-ci ild\u0259 körpü \u015f\u0259h\u0259r tarmar edil\u0259nd\u0259 da\u011f\u0131d\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. 1797-ci ild\u0259 o b\u0259rpa edilmi\u015f v\u0259 yaln\u0131z 1805-ci il\u0259d\u0259k mövcud olmu\u015fdur. Körpünü da\u015fm\u0131\u015f Kür uçurub-da\u011f\u0131tm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. 1805-ci ild\u0259 sal\u0131nm\u0131\u015f a\u011fac körpü  ta\u011fl\u0131 a\u011fac körpüsü il\u0259 \u0259v\u0259z edil\u0259n\u0259d\u0259k, y\u0259ni 1826-c\u0131 il\u0259d\u0259k mövcud olmu\u015fdur. 1870-ci ild\u0259 burada d\u0259mir körpü sal\u0131nm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.
\n1805-ci ild\u0259n, bir az a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da çox da güv\u0259nili olma¬yan ikinci körpü f\u0259aliyy\u0259t göst\u0259rirdi ki, o, da tez-tez t\u0259z\u0259l\u0259nm\u0259li olurdu. Yuxar\u0131 körpü Avlabar körpüsü, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 körpü Metex körpüsü adlan\u0131rd\u0131. <\/p>\n

\"\"1849-cu ild\u0259 Metexin müv\u0259qq\u0259ti keçidl\u0259ri \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259 a\u011facdan «Taun» sistemli körpü sal\u0131n\u0131r ki, bu da 1870-ci il\u0259d\u0259k mövcud olur. Sonra is\u0259 onu d\u0259mir körpü \u0259v\u0259z edir. Avlabar körpüsünd\u0259n n\u0259qliyyat, araba, fayton keçirdis\u0259, Metex körpüsünd\u0259n yaln\u0131z piyadalar, e\u015f\u015f\u0259kl\u0259r h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t edirdi. Buna gör\u0259 d\u0259 tiflislil\u0259r bu körpüy\u0259 «E\u015f\u015f\u0259k körpüsü» ad\u0131 da vermi\u015fdil\u0259r. Avlabar körpüsünün uzunlu\u011fu 30,5 metr idi, Metexinki is\u0259 – 27,5 metr. Yeni d\u0259mir-beton körpüsünün tikintisi il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar h\u0259r iki köhn\u0259 körpü bizim \u0259srin 50-ci ill\u0259rind\u0259 Metex körpüsünün tikintisin\u0259 ba\u015flanmamas\u0131ndan önc\u0259, 1951-ci ild\u0259, Avlabar körpüsü is\u0259 yeni körpünün aç\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan bir neç\u0259 il sonra, 1955-ci ild\u0259 uçurulmu\u015fdur.
\n\u0130ndiki körpü 1951-ci ild\u0259 sal\u0131nm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu körpü sal\u0131nan zaman Metex qalas\u0131 dibind\u0259 mövcud olan körpül\u0259rin h\u0259nd\u0259v\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 q\u0259dim tikilil\u0259rd\u0259n olu\u015fan özün\u0259m\u0259xsus kompleks m\u0259hv edilmi\u015fdir. Burada ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f binalar\u0131 il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, Kürün sahilind\u0259ki karvansaralar, «\u015eah Abbas» m\u0259scidi adlanan m\u0259scid uçurulmu\u015fdur. 
\n Yaz\u0131ç\u0131, tarixçi, publisist, siyasi v\u0259 ictimai xadim (II \u0130raklinin n\u0259v\u0259si, \u015fahzad\u0259 Teklenin böyük o\u011flu) Aleksandre( Pupliya) Orbelianinin verdiyi m\u0259lumata gör\u0259, Na\u011faraxanan\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin m\u0259scidl\u0259rind\u0259n  biri  dururdu ki,  bu da Vaxu\u015ftinin  dediyin\u0259 gör\u0259., «Çar Rostom in\u015fa edib…  öz saray\u0131n\u0131n   içind\u0259 (çar Rostom müs\u0259lmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 götür\u0259r\u0259k Xosrov Mirz\u0259 adlan\u0131rd\u0131-M.M.) \u015fahzad\u0259 Baqrationinin «Gürcüstan çarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tarixi» kitab\u0131nda  ümumiyy\u0259tll\u0259, Tiflisd\u0259  körpünün qula\u011f\u0131nda bir neç\u0259 m\u0259scidin olmas\u0131n\u0131  qeyd edir, biri hamamlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda, biri G\u0259nc\u0259 qap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n  yan\u0131nda,  biri d\u0259 çar meydan\u0131nda. S\u0259n\u0259din verdiyi m\u0259lumata gör\u0259, Rastbazar\u0131n t\u0259xmini  lokalla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131  mümkün olur. Rastbazar  s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259rd\u0259  biz\u0259 XVII \u0259srd\u0259n  rast g\u0259lir. S\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259r\u0259 gör\u0259, Rastbazar\u0131n  dükanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fimal\u0131nda  m\u0259scidin divar\u0131d\u0131r ( 1781-ci il, 22 iyul  tarixli s\u0259n\u0259d, Gürcüstan M\u0259rk\u0259zi Arxiv Fondu 1450, d\u0259ft\u0259r. \u21164, \u211689) ( Burada Rostom t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n  Çar meydan\u0131nda  in\u015fa olunan  m\u0259scid n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulur). Ba\u015fqa s\u0259n\u0259d il\u0259 is\u0259 m\u0259scidin bu divar\u0131 Saracxana dükan\u0131 il\u0259 h\u0259ms\u0259rh\u0259ddir: «Saracxana dükan\u0131n\u0131n arxas\u0131nda  Çar meydan\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259scididir»(1779-cu il, VII-nin  s\u0259n\u0259di, Gürcüstan  \u0130nc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259t Fondu. Qd 842) <\/p>\n

\"\"Haz\u0131rda  Tiflisd\u0259  N\u0259batat ba\u011f\u0131na ged\u0259n yolda müs\u0259lmanlar\u0131n yegan\u0259 m\u0259scidi –Tiflis Cüm\u0259 M\u0259scidi  f\u0259aliyy\u0259td\u0259dir. Tikili k\u0259rpicl\u0259  in\u015fa olunub, neoqot v\u0259 islam  ünsürl\u0259ri il\u0259  b\u0259z\u0259dilib,  K\u0259rpicl\u0259 in\u015fa olunan  m\u0259scidin  bay\u0131r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n suvaqlanmayan divarlar\u0131   ta\u011fl\u0131 p\u0259nc\u0259r\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 bölünüb. \u0130stisna hald\u0131r ki, bu m\u0259scid\u0259  ibad\u0259t üçün \u015fi\u0259, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 sünni m\u0259zh\u0259bin\u0259  qulluq ed\u0259n  müs\u0259lmanlar g\u0259lirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Mirz\u0259 M\u0259mm\u0259do\u011flu<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Dünyada olan \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r aras\u0131nda Tiflisin d\u0259 özün\u0259 m\u0259xsus yeri vard\u0131r. Burada müxt\u0259lif dinl\u0259r\u0259 qulluq ed\u0259n dindarlar\u0131n ibad\u0259t yerl\u0259ri, m\u0259b\u0259dl\u0259ri öz-özlüyünd\u0259 bu q\u0259dim \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin göz\u0259llik çalarlar\u0131na koloritin\u0259 öz cizgil\u0259rini,öz\u0259llikl\u0259rini \u0259lav\u0259…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":251278,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[106],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-57425","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-edebiyyat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57425","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=57425"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57425\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/251278"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=57425"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=57425"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=57425"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}