{"id":57253,"date":"2018-01-22T12:43:23","date_gmt":"2018-01-22T08:43:23","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T20:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/?p=57253","title":{"rendered":"C\u0259lil M\u0259mm\u0259dquluzad\u0259nin r\u0259ssam dostlar\u0131ndan biri olan Oskar \u015emerlinq"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ölümünün 80-ci ildönümü <\/strong><\/p>\n

Öt\u0259n yüzilin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 iki m\u0259tbuat orqan\u0131n\u0131n- “Molla N\u0259sr\u0259ddin” (1906, aprel) v\u0259 “Füyuzat” (1906, noyabr) d\u0259rgil\u0259rinin i\u015f\u0131q üzü görm\u0259si Az\u0259rbaycan milli m\u0259fkur\u0259sind\u0259 böyük hadis\u0259 idi. “Molla N\u0259sr\u0259ddin” jurnal\u0131, bildiyimiz kimi, böyük \u0259dibimiz C\u0259lil M\u0259mm\u0259dquluzad\u0259nin ad\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bel\u0259 ki, “Molla N\u0259sr\u0259ddin” jurnal\u0131 dey\u0259nd\u0259, ilk növb\u0259d\u0259 müt\u0259f\u0259kkirimiz yada dü\u015für, onun ad\u0131 ç\u0259kil\u0259nd\u0259 is\u0259 “Molla N\u0259sr\u0259ddin” d\u0259rgisi. C\u0259lil M\u0259mm\u0259dquluzad\u0259  bu jurnal\u0131n redaktoru, t\u0259nqidi- realist üslubun v\u0259 “Molla N\u0259sr\u0259ddin”çilik h\u0259r\u0259kat\u0131nin ba\u015fç\u0131s\u0131 olmi\u015fdur. Jurnal 1906-1918-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259Tiflisd\u0259, 1921-ci ild\u0259 T\u0259brizd\u0259, 1922-1931-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 Bak\u0131da n\u0259\u015fr olunmu\u015fdur. Jurnal\u0131n 25 il \u0259rzind\u0259 i\u015f\u0131q üzü gör\u0259n 748 nömr\u0259sind\u0259n, dem\u0259k olar ki, yar\u0131s\u0131, y\u0259ni 340-\u0131 Tiflisd\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr edilmi\u015fdir.  Bu jurnal\u0131n maraql\u0131, oxunaql\u0131 ç\u0131xmas\u0131 i\u015find\u0259 böyük \u0259dibd\u0259n ba\u015fqa Öm\u0259r Faiq Nemanzad\u0259, Mirz\u0259 \u018fl\u0259kb\u0259r Sabir, \u018fbdürr\u0259him b\u0259y Haqverdiyev, \u018fliqulu Q\u0259mküsar, \u018fli N\u0259zmi, Mirz\u0259li Möcüz, M\u0259mm\u0259d S\u0259id Ordubadi v\u0259 ba\u015fqa \u015fair, yaz\u0131ç\u0131, jurnalistl\u0259rin  d\u0259 böyük \u0259m\u0259yi olmu\u015fdur. El\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 r\u0259ssamlardan \u0130ozef Rotter, Oskar \u015emerlinq v\u0259 \u018fzim \u018fzimzad\u0259 bu jurnal\u0131n s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 k\u0259skin kariraturalar\u0131 il\u0259 ç\u0131x\u0131\u015f ed\u0259r\u0259k, onun daha da dol\u011fun olmas\u0131na nail olmu\u015fdur.  M\u0259n bu yaz\u0131mda Oskar \u015emerlinq bar\u0259sind\u0259 söhb\u0259t açaca\u011fam.<\/p>\n

 Tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f boyakar, qrafik, karikaturaç\u0131 v\u0259 pedaqoq Oskar \u015emerlinq 1863-cü ild\u0259 Tiflisd\u0259 h\u0259rbi m\u0259mur ail\u0259sind\u0259 anadan olmu\u015fdur.   Karikaturaç\u0131  iti r\u0259ssam gözünü  v\u0259 k\u0259skin yumoru  erk\u0259n vaxtlar\u0131nda  a\u015fkarlay\u0131b v\u0259 onun çoxc\u0259h\u0259tli f\u0259aliyy\u0259tinin \u0259n ba\u015fl\u0131ca v\u0259 \u0259n s\u0259m\u0259r\u0259li sah\u0259 karikatura oldu. Buna gör\u0259 d\u0259 t\u0259rcümeyi-hal\u0131n\u0131 onun üçün xarakterik olan yumorla v\u0259 h\u0259v\u0259sl\u0259 bel\u0259 sözl\u0259r il\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r:” Bir \u0259limd\u0259 q\u0259l\u0259m, o biri \u0259limd\u0259 is\u0259 qamç\u0131 il\u0259 1763-cü ild\u0259 anadan oldum. Budur, el\u0259 bu günd\u0259n  m\u0259nim möhk\u0259m  dost-h\u0259md\u0259ml\u0259rim q\u0259l\u0259m v\u0259 qam\u015f\u0131 çox \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli f\u0259aliyy\u0259tim zaman\u0131  do\u011fma gu\u015f\u0259m\u0259 qar\u015f\u0259 m\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259t hissi yaratd\u0131lar.” ( “\u015eeytan\u0131n qamç\u0131s\u0131”jurnal\u0131, 1916-c\u0131 il). <\/p>\n

M\u0259n\u015f\u0259c\u0259 alman olan O. \u015emerlinq  bütün Qafqazda v\u0259 onun  hüdudlar\u0131ndan k\u0259narlarda da yax\u015f\u0131 tan\u0131nan  s\u0259n\u0259tkar idi. R\u0259ssam  özünü gürcü r\u0259ssam kimi hesab edirdi. Onun q\u0131z\u0131 Rene \u015emerlinq xat\u0131rlay\u0131r: “ Biz, \u015emerlinql\u0259r, yerli olarar Tiflisliyik… Atam gürcü r\u0259ssam\u0131 idi…”
\n O. \u015emerlinq  Peterburq v\u0259 Münxen r\u0259ssaml\u0131q akademiyalar\u0131nda t\u0259hsil alm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. 1902-ci ild\u0259n Tiflis R\u0259ssaml\u0131q m\u0259kt\u0259binin direktoru olmu\u015f, Tiflisd\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr olunan bir s\u0131ra q\u0259zet v\u0259 jurnallara karikatura, satirik r\u0259sm v\u0259 illüstrasiyalar ç\u0259kmi\u015fdir. 1889-90-c\u0131 ill\u0259r Qaraba\u011fda Xank\u0259ndind\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131b yaratm\u0131\u015f, \u015eu\u015fada t\u0259\u015fkil olunan teatr tama\u015falar\u0131na dekorasiyalar vermi\u015fdir.
\n1891-cü ild\u0259 Tiflis\u0259 qay\u0131d\u0131r. Ail\u0259si il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 Zubala\u015fvilil\u0259r  kü\u015f\u0259sind\u0259 m\u0259skunla\u015f\u0131r v\u0259 el\u0259 h\u0259min vaxtdan \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin m\u0259d\u0259ni h\u0259yat\u0131na qaynay\u0131b qar\u0131\u015f\u0131r. O, adl\u0131-canl\u0131, maraql\u0131 insanlarla- yaz\u0131ç\u0131lar il\u0259, memarlar il\u0259, r\u0259ssamlar il\u0259 ünsiyy\u0259t ba\u011flay\u0131r. Onun m\u0259nzilin\u0259 tez-tez \u0130lya Çavçavadze, Akaki Sereteli, Qoqa Qaba\u015fvili v\u0259 ba\u015fqalar\u0131 topla\u015f\u0131rd\u0131lar. 1901-c\u011f ild\u0259 Valerian Qunian\u0131n redaktorlu\u011fu il\u0259 “Snobis purtseli”( “M\u0259lumat v\u0259r\u0259qi” q\u0259zetinin \u015f\u0259killi \u0259lav\u0259si n\u0259\u015fr olunma\u011fa ba\u015flay\u0131r. Onun ikinci say\u0131nda  O. \u015emerlinqin  karikaturalar\u0131 üz\u0259r\u0259 \u015f\u0131xd\u0131. “ M\u0259nim q\u0259l\u0259mim  f\u0259aliyy\u0259t meydan\u0131n\u0131 çox gözl\u0259di. M\u0259nim dü\u015fm\u0259nim   qamç\u0131n\u0131 kül\u0259 dönd\u0259rdi v\u0259 h\u0259yat \u0259lam\u0259tini- suyunu itir\u0259r\u0259k rahatca masada dinc\u0259ldi. Yaln\u0131z doqquz ild\u0259n sonra,  daha do\u011frusu, 1901-ci ild\u0259 A.M. Cabadarinin a\u011fl\u0131na dahi bir fikir g\u0259ldi, gürcü karikaturas\u0131n\u0131n  t\u0259m\u0259lini qoydu.  M\u0259n q\u0259l\u0259mimin ucunu itil\u0259dim,  öz qam\u015f\u0131m\u0131 i\u015f\u0259 sald\u0131m v\u0259 budur, art\u0131q 25 ildir ki, gürcü yumoristik m\u0259tbuat\u0131nda f\u0259aliyy\u0259t göst\u0259rir\u0259m”.  <\/p>\n

“\u015eeytan\u0131n qamç\u0131s\u0131”,  “Sapand”, “E\u015f\u015f\u0259kar\u0131s\u0131”, “\u015eeytan\u0131n t\u0259l\u0259si”, “ K\u0259ndin \u0259ndi\u015f\u0259si”adl\u0131 gürcü jurnallar\u0131nda, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 az\u0259rbaycan dilind\u0259 n\u0259\u015fr olunan “Molla N\u0259sr\u0259ddin”  jurnal\u0131nda \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q edirdi.
\nÖt\u0259n \u0259srin 20-ci ill\u0259rind\u0259 “Yeni fikir” q\u0259zetind\u0259 \u0259m\u0259kda\u015fl\u0131q etmi\u015fdir. O. \u015emerlinqin satirik qrafika sah\u0259sind\u0259ki u\u011furlar\u0131 “Molla N\u0259sr\u0259ddin” jurnal\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dard\u0131r.  Bel\u0259 ki, o, 1907-1917-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 “Molla N\u0259sr\u0259ddin” jurnal\u0131n\u0131n  \u0259sas r\u0259ssam\u0131 olmu\u015fdur.  Onun bu jurnaldak\u0131 f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti  Az\u0259rbaycanda satirik qrafikan\u0131n t\u0259\u015f\u0259kkülü v\u0259 inki\u015faf\u0131nda \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli rol oynam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.
\n C. M\u0259mm\u0259dquluzad\u0259  xatir\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 onu minn\u0259tdarl\u0131qla xat\u0131rlay\u0131r. Böyük \u0259dibimiz “Molla N\u0259sr\u0259ddin” jurnal\u0131n\u0131n birinci nömr\u0259si bar\u0259sind\u0259 söz açaraq yaz\u0131r: “Bizim birinci i\u015fimiz, birinci v\u0259zif\u0259miz gözümüzün qaba\u011f\u0131nda d\u0259rin yuxuda olan islam mill\u0259ti idi. V\u0259 birinci növb\u0259d\u0259 \u0259ziz v\u0259 nadürül  vücud olan \u015emerlinq n\u0259qqa\u015f\u0131m\u0131zdan iltimas etdik ki, bizim b\u0259xtiqara \u015e\u0259rqin yatm\u0131\u015f mill\u0259tinin q\u0259fl\u0259t yuxusunu öz ustadnam\u0259 f\u0131rças\u0131 il\u0259 t\u0259svir etsin. V\u0259 is\u0259vi tarixinin min doqquz yüz alt\u0131nc\u0131 ilind\u0259 aprel ay\u0131n\u0131n yeddisind\u0259 s\u0259hneyi-inti\u015fara qoyulan birinci “Molla N\u0259sr\u0259ddin”in ba\u015f s\u0259hif\u0259sind\u0259 \u015firin yuxuda yatan mill\u0259tl\u0259rin t\u0259sviri haman t\u0259svirdir ki, vücudu bizim üçün çox qiym\u0259tli olan \u015emerlinq  n\u0259qqa\u015f\u0131m\u0131z öz m\u0259har\u0259tli q\u0259l\u0259mi il\u0259 onu haman tarixd\u0259 yaratd\u0131”.
\nBöyük \u0259dibin h\u0259yat yolda\u015f\u0131 H\u0259mid\u0259 xan\u0131m M\u0259mm\u0259dquluzad\u0259 “Mirz\u0259 C\u0259lil haqq\u0131nda xatir\u0259l\u0259rim” adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda yaz\u0131r: “Jurnal\u0131n \u015f\u0259kill\u0259rinin plan\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlad\u0131qdan sonra Mirz\u0259 C\u0259lil \u015emerlinqin  v\u0259 Rotterin yan\u0131na gedib \u015f\u0259kill\u0259rin s\u0259viyy\u0259sini onlara izah edirdi. Rotter rus dilinin çox pis bilirdi, buna gör\u0259  Mirz\u0259 C\u0259lil öz fikrini ona müxt\u0259lif i\u015far\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u015fa sal\u0131r, \u015eeytanbazarda ya\u015fayan tan\u0131\u015f tipl\u0259ri xat\u0131rlama\u011fa m\u0259cbur olurdu.  Jurnal\u0131n birinci v\u0259 daimi r\u0259ssam\u0131 Oskar \u0130vanoviç \u015emerlinq idi. Rotteri Mirz\u0259 C\u0259lil\u0259 o tövsiyy\u0259 etmi\u015fdi , çünki, \u015f\u0259kill\u0259ri vaxt\u0131nda ç\u0259kib qurtara bilmirdi. Mirz\u0259 C\u0259lil r\u0259ssam \u015emerlinqin x\u0259trini çox ist\u0259yir, jurnal\u0131n müv\u0259ff\u0259qiyy\u0259t qazanmas\u0131nda onun mü\u0259yy\u0259n xidm\u0259ti olmas\u0131n\u0131 xüsusil\u0259 qeyd edirdi.  \u015emerlinqin deyil\u0259n fikri d\u0259rhal qavray\u0131b göz\u0259l karikaturalar ç\u0259km\u0259si Mirz\u0259 C\u0259lili heyran edirdi. Ax\u0131, o, s\u0259n\u0259tkar f\u0131rças\u0131ndan ç\u0131xan \u015f\u0259kill\u0259r il\u0259 avamlar\u0131n özl\u0259rini güldürürdü. Mirz\u0259 C\u0259lil \u015emerlinqin x\u0259cal\u0259tind\u0259n ç\u0131xmaq üçün ona n\u0259s\u0259 bir yax\u015f\u0131l\u0131q etm\u0259k arzusu il\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131rd\u0131. T\u0259\u0259ssüf ki, Mirz\u0259 C\u0259lil buna nail ola bilm\u0259di. Son zamanlarad\u0259k onlar m\u0259ktubla\u015f\u0131rd\u0131lar”.<\/p>\n

Qocaman r\u0259ssam, H\u0259mid\u0259 xan\u0131m\u0131n dediyi kimi, sonralar böyük \u0259dibl\u0259 yaz\u0131\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259ktublar\u0131n birind\u0259, daha do\u011frusu, Tiflisd\u0259n yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 1923-cü il 10 oktyabr tarixli m\u0259ktubunda, çox sevdiyi “Molla N\u0259sr\u0259ddin” jurnal\u0131n\u0131 xat\u0131rlay\u0131r, onda i\u015fl\u0259diyi günl\u0259rd\u0259n söhb\u0259t aç\u0131r. Mirz\u0259 C\u0259lil M\u0259mm\u0259d\u0259li Sidqiy\u0259 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259ktubda  is\u0259 Moskva Dövl\u0259t Universitetinin professoru olmu\u015f \u018fziz \u015e\u0259rifin “Keçmi\u015f günl\u0259r” kitab\u0131nda  keçmi\u015fd\u0259 “Molla N\u0259sr\u0259ddin” jurnal\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u0259kill\u0259rini ç\u0259k\u0259n r\u0259ssam Oskar \u015emerlinqin sonralar “\u0130\u015f\u0131ql\u0131 yol” q\u0259zetinin d\u0259 s\u0259hif\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 müxt\u0259lif \u015f\u0259kill\u0259rl\u0259 onu zin\u0259tl\u0259ndirdiyi v\u0259 oxucunun diqq\u0259tini c\u0259lb etdiyini yaz\u0131r.
\nUmumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, bu böyük r\u0259ssam haqq\u0131nda, böyük \u0259dibimiz haqq\u0131nda dig\u0259r “Molla N\u0259sr\u0259ddin”çil\u0259rin xatir\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n çox dan\u0131\u015fmaq olar. Odur ki, texnikan\u0131n yüks\u0259k inki\u015faf etdiyi, bilgisayar\u0131n geni\u015f yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir dövrd\u0259 onlar\u0131n hans\u0131 ç\u0259tinlikl\u0259rl\u0259, hans\u0131 f\u0259dakarl\u0131qla jurnal ç\u0131xard\u0131\u011fln\u0131 ayd\u0131nca t\u0259s\u0259vvür etm\u0259k olar. V\u0259 bütün bunlar\u0131 gözümüzün qaba\u011f\u0131na g\u0259tirdikc\u0259, bu iki \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259ti, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 onlar\u0131n bütün silahda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 sev\u0259- sev\u0259 xat\u0131rlay\u0131r, q\u0259lbimizd\u0259 onlara qar\u015f\u0131 d\u0259rin ehtiram duy\u011fular\u0131 ba\u015f qald\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Mirz\u0259 M\u0259mm\u0259do\u011flu <\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ölümünün 80-ci ildönümü  Öt\u0259n yüzilin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 iki m\u0259tbuat orqan\u0131n\u0131n- “Molla N\u0259sr\u0259ddin” (1906, aprel) v\u0259 “Füyuzat” (1906, noyabr) d\u0259rgil\u0259rinin i\u015f\u0131q üzü görm\u0259si Az\u0259rbaycan milli m\u0259fkur\u0259sind\u0259 böyük hadis\u0259 idi. “Molla N\u0259sr\u0259ddin” jurnal\u0131,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":251278,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-57253","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57253","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=57253"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57253\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/251278"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=57253"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=57253"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=57253"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}