{"id":40392,"date":"2016-11-18T18:28:32","date_gmt":"2016-11-18T14:28:32","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T20:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/?p=40392","title":{"rendered":"Q\u0259dim tayfa birlikl\u0259rind\u0259n biri d\u0259 Qaraqoyunlulard\u0131r"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bu tayfa birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si "Türkman" adlanan etnik qrupa m\u0259nsub idi<\/strong><\/p>\n

 
\nAz\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131 ziddiyy\u0259tli, çox\u0259srlik inki\u015faf yolu keçmi\u015f v\u0259 b\u0259\u015f\u0259r <\/span>m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti sistemind\u0259, insanl\u0131q tarixind\u0259 mühüm mövqe qazanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu obyektiv tarixi h\u0259qiq\u0259ti bir s\u0131ra q\u0259dim möt\u0259b\u0259r m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259r, apar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f arxeoloji qaz\u0131nt\u0131lar n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 a\u015fkar olunmu\u015f m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t nümun\u0259l\u0259ri t\u0259sdiq etm\u0259kd\u0259dir. Xalq\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n t\u0259\u015f\u0259kkülünd\u0259 i\u015ftirak etmi\u015f q\u0259dim tayfa birlikl\u0259rind\u0259n biri d\u0259 Qaraqoyunlulard\u0131r.  Bu bar\u0259d\u0259 tarixçi Tofiq N\u0259c\u0259fli yaz\u0131b. Tarixi qaynaqlardan m\u0259lum olur ki, bu tayfa birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si "Türkman" adlanan etnik qrupa m\u0259nsub idi. Müasir dövrd\u0259 türkm\u0259n türkman \u015f\u0259klin\u0259 dü\u015fmü\u015f bu ad tarixi m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 öz \u0259ksini hans\u0131 fonetik variantlarda tapm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r? Bir xalac r\u0259vay\u0259tind\u0259 deyilir ki, Makedoniyal\u0131 \u0130sk\u0259nd\u0259r \u015e\u0259rqd\u0259 xalac tayfalar\u0131 il\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131la\u015fark\u0259n onlar\u0131n türkl\u0259r\u0259 ox\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 qeyd edir v\u0259 bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n d\u0259 xalaclar\u0131 "türk man\u0259nd" (türk\u0259 b\u0259nz\u0259r) adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bel\u0259likl\u0259 d\u0259 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 "Türkm\u0259n\/türkman" ifad\u0259si meydana ç\u0131xm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. V.V.Bartold yaz\u0131r: "Türkm\u0259nl\u0259r" … bu ad XI \u0259srd\u0259n ilk \u0259vv\u0259l \u0130ran tarixçil\u0259ri Qardizi v\u0259 \u018fbül F\u0259zl Beyh\u0259qi t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n fars dilinin c\u0259mind\u0259 – "Türkmanan" formas\u0131nda, türkl\u0259rin "o\u011fuz", \u0259r\u0259bl\u0259rin "quzz" m\u0259nas\u0131nda i\u015fl\u0259nmi\u015fdir. "Türkm\u0259n" istilah\u0131 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 \u0259r\u0259b co\u011frafya\u015fünas\u0131 \u0259l-Müq\u0259dd\u0259sinin \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 "\u0259t-türkman" v\u0259 yaxud "türkmaniyyun" \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 xat\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.  V.V. Bartold F.Xirtin verdiyi mo"lumatlara istinad ed\u0259r\u0259k türkm\u0259n ifad\u0259sinin h\u0259l\u0259 VIII \u0259sr Çin ensiklopediyas\u0131 "Tundyan"da "te-qomen" formasmda i\u015fl\u0259ndiyni göst\u0259rmi\u015fdir. "Türk man\u0259nd" – \u0259sil m\u0259kan\u0131 v\u0259 m\u0259n\u015f\u0259yi çox da ayd\u0131n olmayan bu sözü Mahmud Qa\u015f\u011fari fars etimologiyas\u0131na \u0259sas\u0259n "türk\u0259 b\u0259nz\u0259r", "türk\u0259 ox\u015far" \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 t\u0259qdim etmi\u015fdir. T\u0259dqiqatç\u0131lar\u0131n fikrin\u0259 gör\u0259, X \u0259srd\u0259 o\u011fuzlar islam dinini q\u0259bul etdikd\u0259n sonra onlara "türkm\u0259n\/türkman" deyilmi\u015fdir. V.V.Baritold yaz\u0131r: "… müs\u0259lman – \u011fuzlar h\u0259mçinin "türkman" (türkm\u0259nl\u0259r) adland\u0131r\u0131lma\u011fa ba\u015fland\u0131lar. Eyni fikri V.\u0130.Jirmunski d\u0259 izhar etmi\u015fdir. V.\u0130.Jirmunski qeyd edir: 'Türkm\u0259n" etnik istilah\u0131na \u0259r\u0259b m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 X \u0259srin II yar\u0131s\u0131ndan etibar\u0259n t\u0259sadüf olunur. \u0130lk \u0259vv\u0259l, görünür o, bu dövr\u0259 yax\u0131n müs\u0259lmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 q\u0259bul etmi\u015f o\u011füz qrupunu ifad\u0259 etmi\u015fdir. Türk t\u0259dqiqatç\u0131s\u0131 F.Köprülü d\u0259 Mahmud Qa\u015f\u011farinin \u0131n\u0259lumatlar\u0131na \u0259saslanm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 "türkman" ad\u0131n\u0131 müs\u0259lman \u0259qid\u0259li o\u011fuzlara verildiyini göst\u0259rmi\u015fdir. Bu f\u0131kri Orxan \u015eaiq müdafi\u0259 edir.Faruq Sümer d\u0259 Biruninin verdiyi m\u0259lumatlara \u0259saslanaraq islam\u0131 q\u0259bul etmi\u015f o\u011fuzlara "türkman" deyildiyini q\u0259bul edir. Lakin türk tarixçil\u0259rind\u0259n \u0130.Qaf\u0259so\u011flu bel\u0259 q\u0259na\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259lir ki, türkman terminini islam\u0131 q\u0259bul etmi\u015f o\u011fuzlara \u015famil edilm\u0259sini q\u0259bul etm\u0259k olmaz. Çünki qaynaqlarda o\u011fuzlardan önc\u0259 islam\u0131 q\u0259bul etmi\u015f türk tayfalar\u0131nda öz ad\u0131n\u0131 d\u0259yi\u015fdirm\u0259si haqq\u0131nda qeydl\u0259r yoxdur. Onun fikrinc\u0259, 'türkman" sözü siyasi termin kimi IX \u0259srd\u0259n etibar\u0259n i\u015fl\u0259nilm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f v\u0259 "\u0259sil", "böyük türk" m\u0259"nas\u0131n\u0131 ifad\u0259 etmi\u015fdir. Bu d\u0259lill\u0259r bir daha göst\u0259rir ki, etnik m\u0259na k\u0259sb ed\u0259n "türkman" ist\u0131lah\u0131 tarix\u0259n daha geni\u015f anlam olmu\u015fdur. H\u0259min \u0131stilah islam dinini q\u0259bul etmi\u015f bütün o\u011fuz tayfalar\u0131na \u015famil olunmu\u015f bir ad idi. Orta \u0259sr mü\u0259llifl\u0259ri d\u0259 bu fikrin gerç\u0259kl\u0131yini t\u0259sdiq etmi\u015fl\u0259r. Mahmud Qa\u015f\u011fari yaln\u0131z o\u011fuzlan deyil, h\u0259tta qarluqlar\u0131n özünü d\u0259 "türkman" adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bel\u0259l\u0131kl\u0259, orta \u0259sr m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 etnik s\u0259ciyy\u0259 da\u015f\u0131yan "türkm\u0259n" istilah\u0131n\u0131 h\u0259r yerd\u0259 istisnas\u0131z olaraq müasir m\u0259nada anlamaq elmi c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n düzgün deyildir. T\u0259sadüf\u0131 deyildir ki, tarix\u0259n ist\u0259r Mahmud Qa\u015f\u011fari (XI \u0259sr) v\u0259 ist\u0259rs\u0259 d\u0259 F.R\u0259\u015fid\u0259ddin (XIV \u0259sr) türkm\u0259nl\u0259ri tayfa kimi t\u0259qdim etm\u0259mi\u015f v\u0259 onlar\u0131n yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0259razil\u0259r haqq\u0131nda d\u0259qiq bir m\u0259lumat verm\u0259mi\u015fl\u0259r. Çünki h\u0259r iki mü\u0259llif "türkm\u0259n" sözünü islam dinini q\u0259bul etmi\u015f o\u011fuzlara verilmi\u015f bir ad kimi i\u015fl\u0259tmi\u015fdir. M\u0259lumdur ki, XI \u0259srd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycana v\u0259 Kiçik Asiyaya g\u0259lmi\u015f türk-s\u0259lcuq tayfalar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259sas hiss\u0259sini o\u011fuzlar v\u0259 türkm\u0259nl\u0259r t\u0259\u015fkil etmi\u015fdir. Türk alimi Z.V.To\u011fana gör\u0259, o\u011fuzlar\u0131n "o\u011fuz" v\u0259 "türkm\u0259n" adlar\u0131 il\u0259 iki qism\u0259 bölünm\u0259si d\u0259 m\u0259hz s\u0259lcüqlar\u0131n hökmranl\u0131\u011f\u0131 dövründ\u0259 meydana g\u0259lmi\u015fdir. Tarix\u0259n "türkm\u0259n" istilah\u0131 h\u0259m d\u0259 o\u011fuzlar\u0131n daha çox köç\u0259rilik etmi\u015f hiss\u0259sin\u0259 \u015famil edilmi\u015fdir. V.V.Bartold v\u0259 V.M Jirmunski d\u0259 "türkm\u0259n" istilah\u0131n\u0131 o\u011fuz tayfalar\u0131n\u0131n göç\u0259ri h\u0259yat t\u0259rzi keçirmi\u015f hiss\u0259sin\u0259 verilmi\u015f bir ad kimi i\u015fl\u0259tmi\u015fdir."Bir çox m\u0259x\u0259zl\u0259rd\u0259 türkm\u0259nl\u0259rin yaln\u0131z Türkm\u0259nistan\u0131n indiki \u0259razisind\u0259 deyil, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 Qafqaz, C\u0259nubi Az\u0259rbaycan, Kiçik Asiya v\u0259 müasir \u0130ran \u0259razisind\u0259 d\u0259 ya\u015fad\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 onlar\u0131n oturaq az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lardan f\u0259rql\u0259ndiyini qeyd edirl\u0259r. Bundan bel\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259 ç\u0131xarmaq olar ki, türkm\u0259nl\u0259r q\u0259dim o\u011fuzlar\u0131n daha çox köç\u0259ri h\u0259yat keçir\u0259n hiss\u0259sin\u0259 deyilir v\u0259 bunun izl\u0259ri müasir Az\u0259rbaycan dilind\u0259 "t\u0259r\u0259k\u0259m\u0259" k\u0259lm\u0259sind\u0259 qal\u0131r". Maraql\u0131d\u0131r ki, orta \u0259srl\u0259rin Bizans mü\u0259llifl\u0259ri d\u0259 Kiçik Asiyadak\u0131 köç\u0259ri o\u011fuzlar\u0131 "türkm\u0259n" ad\u0131 il\u0259 t\u0259qdim etmi\u015fdir. Z.M.Bünyadov v\u0259 O.\u018f.\u018ff\u0259ndiyev yaz\u0131rlar ki, XIV-XV \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 "qaraqoyunlu" v\u0259 "a\u011fqoyunlu" adlar\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f tayfalar v\u0259 q\u0259bil\u0259l\u0259r özl\u0259rini vahid türkman xalq\u0131n\u0131n hiss\u0259l\u0259ri hesab edirdil\u0259r. Onlar özl\u0259rini Kiçik Asiyan\u0131n (Osmanl\u0131, Rumlu) v\u0259 Orta Asiyan\u0131n (C\u0131\u011fatay) türkm\u0259nl\u0259rind\u0259n f\u0259rql\u0259ndirirdil\u0259r. H\u0259min dövrd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan türkmanlar\u0131 Orta Asiyadan köçmü\u015f  uzaq \u0259cdadlar\u0131ndan dilin\u0259, m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tin\u0259 gör\u0259 güclü \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 f\u0259rql\u0259nirdil\u0259r v\u0259 yerli \u0259hali il\u0259 qaynay\u0131b-qar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar. Oar\u0131\u0131qoyunlu tayfas\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 v\u0259 m\u0259n\u015f\u0259yi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sil\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar olaraq türk tarix\u015fünasl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda müxt\u0259lif mülahiz\u0259l\u0259r ir\u0259li sürülmü\u015fdür. Faruq Sümer yaz\u0131r: "Qaraqoyunlu tayfas\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 bu gün hakim olan ümumi q\u0259na\u0259t\u0259 gör\u0259, toteml\u0259rinin qoyun olmas\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259li say\u0131lsa da q\u0259dim türkl\u0259rd\u0259 dig\u0259r tayfalarda old\u0131\u0131gu kimi totem olan heyvanlar\u0131n \u0259tinin yeyilm\u0259si q\u0259bul olunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na gör\u0259 bu ad\u0131n onlara aid sürül\u0259rinin r\u0259ngi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 verilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 mümkündür". \u018fbdülxaluq Çay Faruq Sümerin bu fikrini müdafi\u0259 edir v\u0259 ba\u015fl\u0131ca m\u0259\u015f\u011fuliyy\u0259ti heyvan\u0131darl\u0131q olan Qaraqoyunlulara bu ad\u0131n b\u0259sl\u0259dikl\u0259ri heyvanlar\u0131n r\u0259ngin\u0259 gör\u0259 verildiyini \u0259sasland\u0131rma\u011fa çal\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Türkl\u0259rd\u0259 qoyunun totem mahiyy\u0259tind\u0259 olmas\u0131na dair Türkiy\u0259 tarixçil\u0259ri aras\u0131nda f\u0131kir ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n O.Turan, E.Esin ve H.Z.Ko\u015fay qoyunun (QOÇ) \u0259ski türkl\u0259rd\u0259 ba\u015fl\u0131ca toteml\u0259rind\u0259n biri olmas\u0131 fikrind\u0259dirl\u0259r. Yurdumuzda qoyunun (QOÇ) \u0259ski zamanlarda \u0259hali aras\u0131nda totem s\u0259ciyy\u0259si da\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 R.\u018ff\u0259ndiyev v\u0259 M.Seyidov da qeyd edirl\u0259r. Bu ad\u0131n qaraqoyunlulara verilm\u0259si il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar olaraq M.Seyidov yaz\u0131r: "Qaraqoyunlular\u0131n adlar\u0131 onlar\u0131n f\u0259ls\u0259fi mifoloji görü\u015fl\u0259ri, inamlar\u0131, ictimai qurulu\u015flar\u0131 il\u0259 s\u0131x\u0131 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Qaraqoyunlular\u0131n adlar\u0131n\u0131n qoyulmas\u0131 ibtidai q\u0259bil\u0259 qurulu\u015fundan qabaqk\u0131 dual t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n qanunlar\u0131 il\u0259 s\u0259sl\u0259\u015fir". Qoyunun "onqon" oldu\u011funu "O\u011fuznam\u0259" d\u0259 ayd\u0131n göst\u0259rir. Dastanda qeyd edilir ki, O\u011fuz xaqan böyük ordugah … sa\u011f t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259 q\u0131rx qulac ucal\u0131\u011f\u0131nda a\u011fac dik\u0259ltdi: onun ba\u015f\u0131na bir q\u0131z\u0131l toyuq qoydu, aya\u011f\u0131na bir a\u011f qoyun ba\u011flad\u0131. Sol t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259 q\u0131rx qulac a\u011fac dik\u0259ltdi. Onun ba\u015f\u0131na bir gümü\u015f toyuq qoydu, aya\u011f\u0131na bir qara qoyun ba\u011flad\u0131. Sa\u011fda Bozoqlar oturdu. Solda Üçoqlar oturdu". Dastandan m\u0259lum olur ki, O\u011fuz Xa\u011fan o\u011flanlar\u0131n\u0131 iki soya – Bozoqa v\u0259 Üçoqa bölmü\u015f v\u0259 h\u0259r\u0259sin\u0259 d\u0259 ayr\u0131ca onqon – a\u011fqoyun v\u0259 qaroqoyun, q\u0131z\u0131l toyuq, gümü\u015f toyuq vermi\u015fdi. M.Seyidovun fikrinc\u0259, a\u011f v\u0259 qara qoyuna tap\u0131nm\u0131\u015f Bozoq, Üçoq q\u0259bil\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 toyuq zoomorfiq onqonu z\u0259ifl\u0259mi\u015f v\u0259 t\u0259dric\u0259n s\u0131radan ç\u0131xm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. H\u0259r iki tayfa birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si sonralar yaln\u0131z a\u011f v\u0259 qara qoyuna tap\u0131nd\u0131qlar\u0131 üçün A\u011fqoyunlu v\u0259 Qaraqoyunlu adlanm\u0131\u015flar.<\/span><\/p>\n

(ard\u0131 var)<\/em><\/p>\n

Tarix üzr\u0259 elml\u0259r doktoru
\nTofiq N\u0259c\u0259fli<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bu tayfa birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si "Türkman" adlanan etnik qrupa m\u0259nsub idi   Az\u0259rbaycan xalq\u0131 ziddiyy\u0259tli, çox\u0259srlik inki\u015faf yolu keçmi\u015f v\u0259 b\u0259\u015f\u0259r m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti sistemind\u0259, insanl\u0131q tarixind\u0259 mühüm mövqe qazanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu obyektiv tarixi h\u0259qiq\u0259ti bir…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":251278,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-40392","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-esas"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40392","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=40392"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40392\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/251278"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=40392"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=40392"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=40392"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}