{"id":38210,"date":"2016-09-29T18:47:57","date_gmt":"2016-09-29T14:47:57","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T20:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/?p=38210","title":{"rendered":"Albaniya \u0259razisind\u0259 iri k\u00fcpl\u0259rd\u0259 d\u0259fn etm\u0259k ad\u0259ti geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Albaniyada bu ad\u0259t eram\u0131zdan \u0259vv\u0259l I minilliyin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndan ta eram\u0131z\u0131n VIII \u0259srin\u0259d\u0259k mövcud olmu\u015fdur<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Torpaq q\u0259birl\u0259ri antik dövrd\u0259 d\u0259 Albaniya \u0259razisind\u0259 geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f q\u0259bir abid\u0259l\u0259rinin \u0259n sad\u0259 v\u0259 q\u0259dim tipidir. Bunlar \u0259sas\u0259n dördbucaq v\u0259 oval formas\u0131ndad\u0131r. Ad\u0259t\u0259n q\u0259brin ölçül\u0259ri d\u0259fn edil\u0259n \u015f\u0259xsin ölçül\u0259rind\u0259n böyük götürülürdü. Q\u0259br\u0259 ölü il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 müxt\u0259lif m\u0259i\u015f\u0259t \u0259\u015fyalar\u0131 v\u0259 qurbanl\u0131q heyvanlar\u0131n c\u0259md\u0259kl\u0259ri d\u0259 qoyulurdu. Onlar\u0131n b\u0259zi m\u0259h\u0259lli xüsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri d\u0259 vard\u0131r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Ming\u0259çevird\u0259 q\u0259birl\u0259rin dem\u0259k olar ham\u0131s\u0131nda skelet azac\u0131q bükülü v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259 idi v\u0259 ba\u015f\u0131 \u0259sas\u0259n \u015fimal-\u015f\u0259rq\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259f qoyulmu\u015fdu. Q\u0259bird\u0259 z\u0259ngin avadanl\u0131q vard\u0131. Tap\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n t\u0259hlili göst\u0259ril\u0259n q\u0259birl\u0259ri eram\u0131zdan \u0259vv\u0259l V-III \u0259srl\u0259r\u0259 aid etm\u0259y\u0259 imkan verir. Q\u0131rlart\u0259p\u0259 m\u0259sk\u0259ninin yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n torpaq q\u0259bird\u0259n iki gümü\u015f piyal\u0259 tap\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Albaniya \u0259razisind\u0259 iri küpl\u0259rd\u0259 d\u0259fn etm\u0259k ad\u0259ti geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Küpl\u0259rd\u0259 d\u0259fn etm\u0259k ad\u0259ti \u0259n q\u0259dim \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259n ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu tip q\u0259birl\u0259r müxt\u0259lif vaxtlarda Ön Asiyada v\u0259 Qafqazda geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Albaniyada bu ad\u0259t eram\u0131zdan \u0259vv\u0259l I minilliyin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndan ta eram\u0131z\u0131n VIII \u0259srin\u0259d\u0259k mövcud olmu\u015fdur. Albaniyan\u0131n q\u0259bir abid\u0259l\u0259rinin ba\u015fqa bir tipi ölül\u0259rin gil tabutlarda d\u0259fn edilm\u0259sidir. Kiçik gil tabutlar böyük tabutlardan yaln\u0131z ölçüsü il\u0259 deyil, formas\u0131 il\u0259 d\u0259 f\u0259rql\u0259nir, onlar\u0131n bir v\u0259 ya iki tutaca\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131r, de\u015fikl\u0259ri yoxdur; skeletl\u0259r bükülü v\u0259ziyy\u0259td\u0259 sol v\u0259 ya sa\u011f böyrü üst\u0259 qoyulmu\u015fdur. Gil tabutlarda d\u0259fn etm\u0259k ad\u0259ti vaxt etibaril\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n Yaloylut\u0259p\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti dövründ\u0259, y\u0259ni eram\u0131zdan \u0259vv\u0259l III \u0259srd\u0259n eram\u0131z\u0131n I-II \u0259srl\u0259rin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r olan dövr\u0259 uy\u011fun g\u0259lir. Tarixi Albaniyan\u0131n \u0259razisind\u0259 katakomba, taxta qutu v\u0259 çiy k\u0259rpic q\u0259birl\u0259r a\u015fkara ç\u0131xar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 öyr\u0259nilmi\u015fdir. Q\u0259birl\u0259rin bu tipi Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisin\u0259 sarmatmassaget-alan v\u0259 dig\u0259r irandilli tayfalar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n g\u0259tirilmi\u015f v\u0259 yerli \u0259hali aras\u0131nda qism\u0259n yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu tip q\u0259birl\u0259r eram\u0131z\u0131n I-IV \u0259srl\u0259rin\u0259 aid edilir; bunlar yaln\u0131z Ming\u0259çevird\u0259n tap\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Taxta q\u0259birl\u0259rd\u0259 ölül\u0259r bir qayda olaraq qo\u015fa d\u0259fn edilir, ba\u015flar\u0131 c\u0259nub-\u015f\u0259rq\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259f qoyulurdu. Eram\u0131z\u0131n I-II \u0259srl\u0259rind\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq i\u015fl\u0259dil\u0259n kirkir\u0259 da\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n tap\u0131lmas\u0131 d\u0259n üyüdülm\u0259sinin yeni üsullar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259tbiqi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. O dövrd\u0259 xeyli miqdarda di\u015fli oraqlar\u0131n olmas\u0131 biçin prosesind\u0259 \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259n t\u0259r\u0259qqini arxeoloji c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n t\u0259sdiq edir. Bitki qal\u0131qlar\u0131 Albaniyada istehsal olunan m\u0259hsullar\u0131n çe\u015fidi haqq\u0131nda mühakim\u0259 yürütm\u0259y\u0259 imkan verir.
\nAlbaniya \u0259razisind\u0259 xeyli miqdarda d\u0259mirçilik m\u0259mulat\u0131 üz\u0259 ç\u0131xar\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r; onlar\u0131n böyük bir qismi yerli ustalar\u0131n m\u0259hsuludur, bununla birlikd\u0259 g\u0259tirilm\u0259 \u0259\u015fyalara, ba\u015fl\u0131ca olaraq z\u0259rif qab-qaca\u011fa v\u0259 b\u0259z\u0259k \u015feyl\u0259rin\u0259 d\u0259 t\u0259sadüf edilir. Alban c\u0259miyy\u0259tinin \u0259yanlar t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259sinin m\u0259i\u015f\u0259tind\u0259 geni\u015f istifad\u0259 olunan gümü\u015f v\u0259 mis qab-qacaq c\u0259miyy\u0259tin sosial c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n yekcins olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da ayd\u0131n bildirir. Metal qablarla yana\u015f\u0131, \u015fü\u015f\u0259 m\u0259mulat\u0131 da geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Albaniyada \u015fü\u015f\u0259 qab istehsal\u0131n\u0131n eram\u0131z\u0131n II-III \u0259srl\u0259rind\u0259n meydana g\u0259ldiyi ehtimal edilir. \u018fvv\u0259lki dövrd\u0259 is\u0259 bunlar \u015e\u0259rq ölk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n g\u0259tirilirdi.
\nZ\u0259rg\u0259rlik d\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 çarpacaq d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 inki\u015faf etmi\u015fdi. B\u0259z\u0259k \u015feyl\u0259ri metaldan, \u015fü\u015f\u0259d\u0259n, gild\u0259n, pastadan, müxt\u0259lif qiym\u0259tli v\u0259 yar\u0131mqiym\u0259tli da\u015flardan haz\u0131rlan\u0131rd\u0131. B\u0259z\u0259k \u015feyl\u0259rinin t\u0259rkibin\u0259 qad\u0131n taclar\u0131 (ç\u0259l\u0259ngl\u0259ri), boyunba\u011f\u0131lar, qolbaqlar, üzükl\u0259r, asma b\u0259z\u0259kl\u0259r, sancaqlar, toqqalar, muncuqlar, müxt\u0259lif tikm\u0259, b\u0259z\u0259kl\u0259r v\u0259 i.a. daxildir. Ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 keramik qolbaq nümun\u0259l\u0259ri d\u0259 m\u0259lumdur. Bu qolbaqlar h\u0259m d\u0259 q\u0259dim albanlar\u0131n ideoloji t\u0259s\u0259vvürl\u0259rini \u0259ks etdir\u0259n ayin \u0259\u015fyalar\u0131 idi. Boyunba\u011f\u0131lar \u0259sas\u0259n o dövrün \u0259n erk\u0259n q\u0259birl\u0259rinin materiallar\u0131ndan tan\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Alban ki\u015fi v\u0259 qad\u0131n q\u0259birl\u0259rind\u0259 tez-tez üzük v\u0259 s\u0131r\u011falara rast g\u0259linir – bunlar formaca bir-birind\u0259n f\u0259rqlidir. Qa\u015fl\u0131 üzükl\u0259r möhür rolunu oynay\u0131rd\u0131 v\u0259 xronoloji c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n, bir qayda olaraq, qa\u015fs\u0131z üzükl\u0259r\u0259 nisb\u0259t\u0259n daha sonralara aiddir. Üzük-möhürl\u0259rin xarici nümun\u0259l\u0259ri ad\u0259t\u0259n Romadand\u0131r. Onlar Qafqaz Albaniyas\u0131n\u0131n Roma il\u0259 geni\u015f \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 malik olmas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259sdiq edir. Qeyd etm\u0259k maraql\u0131d\u0131r ki, \u015eat\u0131rl\u0131 antik m\u0259sk\u0259ni yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olan q\u0259biristanda qaz\u0131nt\u0131 zaman\u0131 müxt\u0259lif z\u0259rg\u0259rlik m\u0259mulat\u0131 il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 tökm\u0259 üsulu il\u0259 s\u0131r\u011falar v\u0259 dig\u0259r b\u0259z\u0259k \u015feyl\u0259ri haz\u0131rlamaq üçün i\u015fl\u0259dil\u0259n da\u015f q\u0259libl\u0259r tap\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. B\u0259ndl\u0259r b\u0259z\u0259k \u015feyl\u0259ri aras\u0131nda mühüm yer tutur. \u018fcn\u0259bi b\u0259ndl\u0259r, \u0259sas\u0259n Roma b\u0259ndl\u0259ri çoxdur. Muncuqlar \u0259sas\u0259n antik dünyan\u0131n m\u0259\u015fhur m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259rind\u0259n g\u0259tirilirdi v\u0259 dig\u0259r g\u0259tirilm\u0259 materiallarla birlikd\u0259 bunlar sübut edir ki, eram\u0131zdan \u0259vv\u0259l IV-I \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 v\u0259 eram\u0131z\u0131n I-II \u0259srl\u0259rind\u0259 Qafqaz Albaniyas\u0131 Qara d\u0259nizin \u015fimal sahilind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rl\u0259, Parfiyan\u0131n, Roman\u0131n, Mesopotamiyan\u0131n, Misirin, Hindistan\u0131n, Suriyan\u0131n \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259ri il\u0259 geni\u015f ticar\u0259t \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259ni \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259r saxlam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Miladdan \u0259vv\u0259l I minilliy\u0259 v\u0259 milad\u0131n ilk \u0259srl\u0259rin\u0259 aid olan, \u0259sas\u0259n hellinizm dövl\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259, Romada k\u0259silmi\u015f sikk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n ibar\u0259t d\u0259fin\u0259l\u0259r, habel\u0259 albanlar\u0131n öz sikk\u0259l\u0259ri a\u015fkara ç\u0131xar\u0131l\u0131b öyr\u0259nilmi\u015fdir. Gümü\u015f alban sikk\u0259l\u0259ri B\u0259rd\u0259, X\u0131n\u0131sl\u0131, Q\u0259b\u0259l\u0259, Nüydü, Q\u0131rlart\u0259p\u0259 abid\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n m\u0259lumdur. A\u015fkara ç\u0131xar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f sikk\u0259 d\u0259fin\u0259l\u0259rinin t\u0259dqiqi göst\u0259rir ki, h\u0259min sikk\u0259l\u0259r eram\u0131zdan \u0259vv\u0259l III \u0259srin ax\u0131rlar\u0131ndan etibar\u0259n Albaniyada z\u0259rb edilib yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.
\nQ\u0259dim yerli \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 \u0259saslanan Albaniya inc\u0259s\u0259n\u0259ti antik dövrd\u0259 mü\u0259yy\u0259n d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 t\u0259n\u0259zzül\u0259 u\u011fray\u0131r, daha erk\u0259n inki\u015faf dövrl\u0259rini s\u0259ciyy\u0259l\u0259ndir\u0259n r\u0259ngkarl\u0131q s\u0259n\u0259ti qeyb olur; keramikaya vurulan \u0259lvan nax\u0131\u015flar ba\u015fl\u0131ca olaraq daha b\u0259sit xarakter da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r. Bununla birlikd\u0259 dekorativ-t\u0259tbiqi s\u0259n\u0259tin daha da inki\u015faf etdiyini qeyd etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r. M\u0259hz antik dövrd\u0259 dulus çarx\u0131n\u0131n dem\u0259k olar ki, tamamil\u0259 istifad\u0259d\u0259n ç\u0131xmas\u0131na v\u0259 alban keramikas\u0131n\u0131n böyük bir qisminin \u0259ll\u0259 haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131na baxmayaraq, keramika öz formalar\u0131n\u0131n simmetrikliyi v\u0259 z\u0259rifliyi il\u0259 f\u0259rql\u0259nir. Eram\u0131zdan \u0259vv\u0259l IV-III \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan b\u0259dii keramikaya \u0259m\u0259li \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tini d\u0259 saxlayan \u0259n müxt\u0259lif zoomorf v\u0259 antropomorf qablar daxildir. Qad\u0131n çöhr\u0259sinin z\u0259ngin t\u0259x\u0259yyülü nam\u0259lum usta t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n m\u0259har\u0259tl\u0259 yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015f t\u0259sviri \u0259srl\u0259ri arxada qoyaraq biz\u0259 g\u0259lib çatm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Albaniya terrakotlar\u0131 h\u0259r \u015feyd\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259l qad\u0131n heyk\u0259lcikl\u0259ri, az-az hallarda ki\u015fi heyk\u0259lcikl\u0259ri, zoomorf fiqurlar, o cüml\u0259d\u0259n yüy\u0259nli at t\u0259svirl\u0259ri il\u0259 t\u0259msil olunmu\u015fdur. Çox ehtimal ki, terrakotlar \u0259n q\u0259dim zamanlardan m\u0259hsuldarl\u0131q r\u0259mzi say\u0131lan Ana \u0130lah\u0259sinin t\u0259sviri il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 olmu\u015fdur. Albaniyan\u0131n monumental heyk\u0259lt\u0259ra\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0259sas\u0259n \u015eirvanda v\u0259 Qaraba\u011fda üz\u0259 ç\u0131xar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f antropomorf da\u015f heyk\u0259ll\u0259rl\u0259 t\u0259msil olunmu\u015fdur. \u015eamax\u0131 rayonunun Ç\u0131raql\u0131 k\u0259ndind\u0259 tap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f da\u015f heyk\u0259ll\u0259r qrupunda üzün cizgil\u0259ri ayd\u0131n t\u0259svir olunmu\u015f, sakitlik, müdriklik, m\u0259rdlik kimi xass\u0259l\u0259rin realistc\u0259sin\u0259 ifad\u0259 edilm\u0259sin\u0259 c\u0259hd göst\u0259rilmi\u015fdir. Da\u015f heyk\u0259ll\u0259r \u0259sas\u0259n yerli bütp\u0259r\u0259st \u0259halinin s\u0259cd\u0259 etdiyi ki\u015fi bütl\u0259ri idi. Bu \u0259n\u0259n\u0259 antik dövrd\u0259n ta ilk orta \u0259srl\u0259r\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r ya\u015fam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.
\nStrabonun m\u0259lumat\u0131na gör\u0259, albanlar yunanca Helios, Zevs v\u0259 Selena adland\u0131r\u0131lan üç allaha sitayi\u015f edirdil\u0259r. Antik mü\u0259llifin dediyin\u0259 gör\u0259, albanlar Selenaya üstünlük verirl\u0259r. "Onun m\u0259b\u0259di \u0130beriyan\u0131n yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndad\u0131r". Ba\u015fqa bir m\u0259b\u0259d vilay\u0259ti Kür çay\u0131n\u0131n sahilind\u0259 idi. Dion Kassinin yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131na gör\u0259, Pompey albanlara qar\u015f\u0131 yürü\u015fü zaman\u0131 "q\u0131\u015f dü\u015f\u0259rg\u0259sini Anait vilay\u0259tind\u0259 Kür sahilind\u0259 salm\u0131\u015fd\u0131". Maraql\u0131d\u0131r ki, \u015e\u0259rqi Albaniyada Kaspi d\u0259nizinin adalar\u0131nda da müq\u0259dd\u0259s vilay\u0259tl\u0259r olmu\u015fdur. Bu bar\u0259d\u0259 Mela m\u0259lumat verir. Mela müq\u0259dd\u0259s a\u011faclar\u0131 olan müq\u0259dd\u0259s \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259n b\u0259hs edir. Ola bil\u0259r ki, Kaspi Talqas\u0131nda daha primitiv xarakterli bir ibad\u0259tgah v\u0259 ya bir növ q\u0259dim pir varm\u0131\u015f. Q\u0259dim Albaniya panteonunun bir allah\u0131n\u0131n Strabon t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n antik dünyan\u0131n m\u0259\u015fhur ba\u015f allah\u0131 Zevsl\u0259 eynil\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar olaraq iri da\u015f bütl\u0259r maraq do\u011furur. Bunlar\u0131n \u0259n s\u0259ciyy\u0259vi olanlar\u0131 X\u0131n\u0131sl\u0131da, Da\u011fkolan\u0131da v\u0259 Ç\u0131raql\u0131da a\u015fkara ç\u0131xar\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Çoxunun \u0259l-aya\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 ya ba\u015f\u0131 yoxdur. Bunlar xronoloji c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n eram\u0131zdan \u0259vv\u0259l son \u0259srl\u0259r\u0259 – eram\u0131z\u0131n ilk \u0259srl\u0259rin\u0259 aiddir. 
\n(ard; var)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Albaniyada bu ad\u0259t eram\u0131zdan \u0259vv\u0259l I minilliyin ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndan ta eram\u0131z\u0131n VIII \u0259srin\u0259d\u0259k mövcud olmu\u015fdur Torpaq q\u0259birl\u0259ri antik dövrd\u0259 d\u0259 Albaniya \u0259razisind\u0259 geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f q\u0259bir abid\u0259l\u0259rinin \u0259n sad\u0259 v\u0259 q\u0259dim…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":251278,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38210","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-esas"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38210","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=38210"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38210\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/251278"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=38210"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=38210"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=38210"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}