{"id":37956,"date":"2016-09-23T18:59:02","date_gmt":"2016-09-23T14:59:02","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T20:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/?p=37956","title":{"rendered":"Nadir \u015fah Bor\u00e7al\u0131n\u0131 Kartli \u00e7ar\u0131na ba\u011f\u0131\u015flad\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Borçal\u0131n\u0131n sonrak\u0131 ac\u0131 taleyinin ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131 qoyuldu<\/strong><\/p>\n

XVIII \u0259srd\u0259 Borçal\u0131 döyü\u015f meydan\u0131na çevrildi v\u0259 tarixd\u0259 ciddi hadis\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b oldu. 1723-cü ild\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259t u\u011frunda mübariz\u0259 \u0130ran\u0131 z\u0259ifl\u0259tdi. Bundan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259n Osmanl\u0131 imperiyas\u0131 növb\u0259ti d\u0259f\u0259 Erm\u0259nistan v\u0259 \u015e\u0259rqi Gürcüstana hücum etdi. \u0130ran yaln\u0131z 1735-ci ild\u0259 özünün \u0259vv\u0259lki t\u0259sir sferas\u0131n\u0131 b\u0259rpa ed\u0259 bildi. Nadir xan \u018ff\u015far\u0131n 1730-cu v\u0259 1735-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 Osmanl\u0131 ordusunu m\u0259\u011flub etdikd\u0259n sonra osmanl\u0131 türkl\u0259rini bütün C\u0259nubi Qafqazdan qovdu. Kartlinin v\u0259 Kaxetin xristian feodallar\u0131 Nadir xana tabe olduqlar\u0131n\u0131 bildirdil\u0259r. P.Q. Butkov iddia edir ki, müharib\u0259 qutard\u0131qdan sonra Nadir \u015fah Borçal\u0131n\u0131 Kartli çarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na türkl\u0259r\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 müharib\u0259d\u0259 v\u0259 onlara köm\u0259y\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259n Kr\u0131m-tatar ordusunun darmada\u011f\u0131n edilm\u0259sind\u0259 f\u0259al i\u015ftirak etdiyin\u0259 gör\u0259 ba\u011f\u0131\u015flad\u0131. Amma ba\u015fqa versiya daha inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Nadir xan iki il \u0259rzind\u0259 bir-birinin ard\u0131nca qazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 parlaq q\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 uzun ill\u0259r \u0259rzind\u0259 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 olaraq Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n geni\u015f hüdudlar\u0131 inzibati qaydada onun idar\u0259sin\u0259 verildi. Art\u0131q S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259r dövl\u0259tinin s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259ri dem\u0259k olar ki, tamamil\u0259 b\u0259rpa edilmi\u015f v\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131da onun da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f t\u0259s\u0259rrüfat\u0131n\u0131 dirç\u0259ltm\u0259k v\u0259zif\u0259si dururdu. H\u0259min vaxt hakimiyy\u0259td\u0259 S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259r sülal\u0259sind\u0259n III \u015eah Abbas idi. Köhn\u0259 S\u0259f\u0259vi sülal\u0259sinin nümay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259ri art\u0131q feodal \u0259yanlar\u0131 v\u0259 xalq aras\u0131nda öz nüfuzlar\u0131n\u0131 tamamil\u0259 itirmi\u015fdil\u0259r v\u0259 ölk\u0259ni da\u011f\u0131nt\u0131dan xilas etm\u0259k iqtidar\u0131nda deyildil\u0259r. Nadir xan öz nöqteyi-n\u0259z\u0259rind\u0259n yegan\u0259 do\u011fru yola \u0259l atmaq – taxt-tac\u0131n h\u0259qiqi sahibi olmaq, y\u0259ni \u015fah olmaq ist\u0259di. Bundan ötrü o yenid\u0259n q\u0259dim türk qaydas\u0131na gör\u0259, Mu\u011fan düzünd\u0259 qurultay, (bu d\u0259f\u0259 böyük qurultay) ça\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. Bu qurultaya h\u0259rbi, mülki v\u0259 dini \u0259yanlar\u0131, \u015f\u0259h\u0259r v\u0259 k\u0259nd ba\u015fç\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131\u011fd\u0131. 1736-c\u0131 ilin 21 mart\u0131nda Nadirqulu xan qurultaya i\u015ftirakç\u0131lar aras\u0131ndan yeni \u015fah seçm\u0259k t\u0259klifi verdi. Sözl\u0259rini bununla \u0259sasland\u0131rdi ki, III Abbas (S\u0259f\u0259vi n\u0259slind\u0259n idi) h\u0259l\u0259 ki, u\u015faqd\u0131r, Nadir özü is\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259kd\u0259n yorulub v\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259td\u0259n imtina edir. \u018fslind\u0259 bu bir gedi\u015f idi. \u015eah elan olunmas\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si ortaya ç\u0131xanda, Nadir xan özünü zahir\u0259n el\u0259 göst\u0259rdi ki, guya yorulub, do\u011frudan da \u015fahl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ist\u0259mir.  Qurultay az qala yalvar\u0131b onun raz\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131 v\u0259 tacqoyma m\u0259rasimi keçirildi. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, Nadir xan Nfdir \u015fah oldu. H\u0259tta bu münasib\u0259tl\u0259 qurultay i\u015ftirakç\u0131lar\u0131na erm\u0259ni v\u0259 gürcü mill\u0259tind\u0259n olan qul v\u0259 k\u0259nizl\u0259r ba\u011f\u0131\u015fland\u0131. Bel\u0259likl\u0259. S\u0259f\u0259vi sülal\u0259si \u018ff\u015far sülal\u0259si il\u0259 \u0259v\u0259z olundu. Nadirin \u015fah elan edilm\u0259sin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 is\u0259 öz etiraz\u0131n\u0131 aç\u0131q \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 yaln\u0131z Qaraba\u011f v\u0259 G\u0259nc\u0259 b\u0259yl\u0259rb\u0259yisi U\u011fur xan Qacar (Ziyado\u011flu) bildirdi. \u018fslind\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n h\u0259rbi elitas\u0131 –q\u0131z\u0131lba\u015flar öz yüks\u0259li\u015fl\u0259ri üçün S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259r\u0259 minn\u0259tdar idil\u0259r v\u0259 buna gör\u0259 d\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259t sülal\u0259sinin d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259sinin \u0259leyhin\u0259 idil\u0259r. Amma c\u0259sar\u0259t edib etirazlar\u0131n\u0131 bildirm\u0259kd\u0259n ç\u0259kindil\u0259r. U\u011fur xan Qacar\u0131n etiraz\u0131 is\u0259 ona baha ba\u015fa g\u0259ldi. O da sonralar bunun müqabilind\u0259 öz malikan\u0259l\u0259rinin böyük bir qismini itirmi\u015f oldu. Onun hakimiyy\u0259tind\u0259 yaln\u0131z G\u0259nc\u0259 saxlan\u0131ld\u0131 v\u0259 rütb\u0259si d\u0259 G\u0259nc\u0259 b\u0259yl\u0259rb\u0259yi adland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, qacarlar\u0131n çox hiss\u0259si Xorasana sürgün edildi. Borçal\u0131 is\u0259 G\u0259nc\u0259 b\u0259yl\u0259rb\u0259yind\u0259n al\u0131naraq Kartli-Kaxet çarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na verildi.  Bel\u0259likl\u0259, Borçal\u0131n\u0131n sonrak\u0131 ac\u0131 taleyinin ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131 qoyuldu. Mirz\u0259 Ad\u0131göz\u0259lb\u0259y 1845-ci ild\u0259 q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 «Qaraba\u011fnam\u0259» \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 Borçal\u0131n\u0131n Nadir \u015fah\u0131n q\u0259z\u0259bin\u0259 g\u0259ldiyini yaz\u0131r. Bel\u0259 ki, 1736-c\u0131 ild\u0259 Mu\u011fanda Nadirin \u015fahl\u0131\u011f\u0131na Ziyado\u011fulular etirazlar\u0131n\u0131 bildirmi\u015fl\u0259r. Odur ki, «Ziyad o\u011fldanlar\u0131 q\u0259dim bir ocaq v\u0259 böyük bir dudman olduqlar\u0131na gör\u0259 Nadir \u015fah onlara özg\u0259 bir c\u0259za v\u0259 ba\u015fqa bir siyas\u0259ti r\u0259va görm\u0259di. Qazax v\u0259 Borçal\u0131 ell\u0259rini öz xanlar\u0131 il\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259r Gürcüstan \u0259mirliyin\u0259 v\u0259 uca m\u0259rt\u0259b\u0259li valinin hökmün\u0259 tabe etdi». Y\u0259ni, Nadir \u015fah Borçal\u0131n\u0131 özünün vassal\u0131 olan Gürcüstan \u0259mirini hakimiyy\u0259ti alt\u0131na verdi. Bu bar\u0259d\u0259 Mirz\u0259 Yusif Qaraba\u011fi «Tarixi-Safi» \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 bir q\u0259d\u0259r müf\u0259ss\u0259l dan\u0131\u015f\u0131r: «Hicri 1148 (1736) -ci ild\u0259, \u0130ran \u015fah\u0131 seçm\u0259k üçün Mu\u011fan s\u0259hras\u0131nda ça\u011fr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f böyük qurultaya Nadir \u015fah\u0131n \u0259mri v\u0259 f\u0259rman\u0131 il\u0259 h\u0259r bir ölk\u0259d\u0259n camaat toplanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. G\u0259nc\u0259 xanlar\u0131 is\u0259 Nadir \u015fah dövl\u0259tinin t\u0259rkibin\u0259 daxil olma\u011fa raz\u0131 deyildil\u0259r. V\u0259 h\u0259tta kütl\u0259ni d\u0259 t\u0259bli\u011f edirdil\u0259r ki, S\u0259f\u0259vi övladlar\u0131ndan ba\u015fqa heç kimi \u015fahl\u0131\u011fa seçm\u0259sinl\u0259r. Buna gör\u0259 d\u0259 q\u0259z\u0259bli v\u0259 kinli Nadir \u015fah s\u0259lt\u0259n\u0259tin\u0259 keçdikd\u0259n v\u0259 müst\u0259qil \u015fah olduqdan sonra d\u0259rhal G\u0259nc\u0259 xanlar\u0131n\u0131 m\u0259hv etm\u0259k q\u0259rar\u0131na g\u0259ldi v\u0259 get-ged\u0259 onlar\u0131n s\u0259lahiyy\u0259tl\u0259rini \u0259lind\u0259n ald\u0131, sonra Qazax v\u0259 Borçal\u0131 ell\u0259rinin ixtiyar\u0131n\u0131 da onlardan al\u0131b. Gürcüstan valisin\u0259 verdi». H\u0259min dövrd\u0259 Kartli-Kaxet çarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130ran \u0259razisi hesab olunurdu. Nadir \u015fah hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259ldikd\u0259n sonra 12 min  ail\u0259ni (t\u0259qrib\u0259n 50 min n\u0259f\u0259r) Borçal\u0131dan Xorasana sürgün etdi. Bu, borçal\u0131lar\u0131n növb\u0259ti sürgünü idi. Hakimiyy\u0259tin h\u0259qiqi sahibi olandan sonra da Nadir \u015fah öz mövqeyini müharib\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 möhk\u0259ml\u0259ndirdi v\u0259 onun h\u0259rbi dühas\u0131 h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 onun köm\u0259yin\u0259 çat\u0131rd\u0131. \u015eah\u0131n Az\u0259rbaycan v\u0259 Da\u011f\u0131stan s\u0259f\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 borçal\u0131 atl\u0131lar\u0131 q\u0259hr\u0259manl\u0131qlar\u0131 il\u0259 seçilirdi.  Bu \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 tez-tez üsyanlar ba\u015f verurdi v\u0259 bu üsyanlar\u0131 yat\u0131rmaq is\u0259 asan olmurdu. Bel\u0131  üsyanlardan biri Nadir \u015fah 1737-ci id\u0259 böyük ordu il\u0259 Hindistan v\u0259 M\u0259rk\u0259zi Asiyaya yürü\u015f ed\u0259rk\u0259n ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Onun ölk\u0259d\u0259 olmamas\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259n \u015fimal-q\u0259rb bölg\u0259sinin \u0259halisi 1738-ci ild\u0259 silaha \u0259l atd\u0131lar. \u018fn böyük üsyan Carda ba\u015f verdi. Üsyan\u0131 yat\u0131rmaq üçün Nadir \u015fah\u0131n qarda\u015f\u0131, Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n hakimi \u0130brahim xan böyük ordu il\u0259 oraya getdi. \u015e\u0259ki yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndak\u0131 C\u0259nik d\u0259r\u0259sind\u0259 döyü\u015fd\u0259 Nadir \u015fah\u0131n  ordusu darmada\u011f\u0131n edildi, \u0130brahim xan öldürüldü.  Üsyanç\u0131lar o q\u0259d\u0259r qüvv\u0259tl\u0259ndi ki, h\u0259tta 30-cu ill\u0259rin sonunda bütün karvan yollar\u0131n\u0131 \u0259l\u0259 keçirdil\u0259r. S\u0259rdar \u018fmiraslan xan\u0131n ba\u015fç\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 Cara gönd\u0259rilmi\u015f qüvv\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259 m\u0259\u011flub edildi.  Üsyan\u0131 yat\u0131rmaq c\u0259hdi n\u0259tic\u0259siz qald\u0131r. Yaln\u0131z 1739-cu ilin yay\u0131nda \u015e\u0259fi xan\u0131n ba\u015fç\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 il\u0259 \u015eirvana gönd\u0259ril\u0259n qo\u015fun üsyan\u0131 qism\u0259n yat\u0131ra bildi. Bir sözl\u0259, bu dövrd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n \u015fimal-\u015f\u0259rq bölg\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 \u018ff\u015farlara qar\u015f\u0131 ç\u0131x\u0131\u015flar özünün \u0259n yüks\u0259k zirv\u0259sin\u0259 çatd\u0131. Lakin qüvv\u0259l\u0259rin qeyri-b\u0259rab\u0259rliyi üsyanç\u0131lar\u0131n son anda m\u0259\u011flubiyy\u0259ti v\u0259 a\u011f\u0131r \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 c\u0259zaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 il\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ndi. XVIII \u0259srin 40-c\u0131 ill\u0259rind\u0259 m\u0259rk\u0259zi hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 üsyanlar o q\u0259d\u0259r qüvv\u0259tl\u0259nir ki, h\u0259tta üsyanç\u0131lara qar\u015f\u0131 yürü\u015fü\u0259 1741-ci ilin yay\u0131nda Nadir \u015fah\u0131n özü ba\u015fç\u0131l\u0131q etm\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur oldu. Amma Nadir \u015fah\u0131n \u015fimal-\u015f\u0259rq bölg\u0259sind\u0259 v\u0259 Car vilay\u0259tind\u0259 \u0259halinin müqavi¬m\u0259tini tez bir zamanda q\u0131rmaq c\u0259hdi ba\u015f tutmad\u0131.  Nadir \u015faha qar\u015f\u0131 ç\u0131x\u0131\u015flar\u0131n iç\u0259risind\u0259 özün\u0259¬m\u0259xsus rol \u015eirvandak\u0131 üsyanlara v\u0259  h\u0259r\u0259katlara m\u0259x¬susdur. Çünki bu h\u0259r\u0259katlar\u0131n ba\u015f verm\u0259sin\u0259 t\u0259kc\u0259 xalq\u0131n naraz\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yox, h\u0259m d\u0259 bir s\u0131ra xarici dövl\u0259tl\u0259rin planlar\u0131 da kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r t\u0259sir edirdi. 1743-cü ild\u0259 xarici dövl\u0259tl\u0259rin planlar\u0131 \u0259sas\u0131nda özl\u0259rini yalandan S\u0259f\u0259vi \u015fahzad\u0259l\u0259ri adland\u0131ran I v\u0259 II  Sam Mirz\u0259l\u0259r meydana ç\u0131xaraq hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 iddialar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya qoydular. \u018ff\u015far sülal\u0259sinin hökmranl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan naraz\u0131 olan sad\u0259 xalq S\u0259f\u0259vi xan\u0259dan\u0131n\u0131 üstün tutaraq yalanç\u0131 «\u015fahzad\u0259l\u0259r»i müdafi\u0259 etdil\u0259r. Onlar\u0131n hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259yi t\u0259qdird\u0259 v\u0259ziyy\u0259tinin yax\u015f\u0131la\u015faca\u011f\u0131na inand\u0131lar.  Az keçm\u0259di ki, b\u0259zi kiçik feodallar da «\u015fahzad\u0259l\u0259r»\u0259 qo\u015fuldular. Bu i\u015fd\u0259 onlara Surxay xan\u0131n ba\u015fç\u0131l\u0131q etdiyi Da\u011f\u0131stan feodallar\u0131 da yard\u0131m edirdil\u0259r. H\u0259r\u0259kat \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 müv\u0259ff\u0259qiyy\u0259t qazansa da, Nadirin s\u0259rk\u0259rd\u0259lik f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti öz i\u015fini gördü, üsyanç\u0131 qüvv\u0259l\u0259r m\u0259\u011flubiyy\u0259t\u0259 u\u011frad\u0131ld\u0131. Bu h\u0259r\u0259kat \u0259slind\u0259 t\u0259kc\u0259 Nadir \u015fah\u0131n hakimiyy\u0259tin\u0259 v\u0259 idar\u0259 üsuluna yön\u0259lm\u0259mi\u015f, eyni zamanda antifeodal s\u0259ciyy\u0259 da\u015f\u0131y\u0131rd\u0131. Üsyanlar\u0131n yat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda borçal\u0131 atl\u0131lar\u0131 xüsusil\u0259 seçilirdi. D\u0259rb\u0259nd keçidini möhk\u0259ml\u0259ndir\u0259n Nadir \u015fah burada qulluq ed\u0259n Borçal\u0131 atl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 Kartli döyü\u015fçül\u0259rini evl\u0259rin\u0259 buraxd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 tarixi s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259rd\u0259 m\u0259lumatlar var.<\/p>\n

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Borçal\u0131n\u0131n sonrak\u0131 ac\u0131 taleyinin ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131 qoyuldu XVIII \u0259srd\u0259 Borçal\u0131 döyü\u015f meydan\u0131na çevrildi v\u0259 tarixd\u0259 ciddi hadis\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b oldu. 1723-cü ild\u0259 hakimiyy\u0259t u\u011frunda mübariz\u0259 \u0130ran\u0131 z\u0259ifl\u0259tdi. Bundan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259n Osmanl\u0131 imperiyas\u0131…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":251278,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37956","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-esas"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37956","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=37956"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37956\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/251278"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=37956"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=37956"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=37956"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}