{"id":37386,"date":"2016-09-09T18:39:13","date_gmt":"2016-09-09T14:39:13","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T20:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/?p=37386","title":{"rendered":"Urmiya g\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u0259n Aral g\u00f6l\u00fcn\u0259d\u0259k uzanan yax\u0131n v\u0259 uzaq tariximiz"},"content":{"rendered":"

Qaraqalpaqlar qarapapaqlar\u0131 öz \u0259qrabalar\u0131 say\u0131r<\/strong><\/p>\n

\nQaraqalpaq türkl\u0259ri olan bu q\u0131pçaq xalq\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rda da\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131n haradan v\u0259 n\u0259 vaxt peyda olmas\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sini ara\u015fd\u0131rma\u011fa çal\u0131\u015faq. Berdah\u0131n «\u015e\u0259c\u0259r\u0259»sin\u0259 inanas\u0131 olsaq, \u0259s\u0259rin q\u0259hr\u0259manlar\u0131ndan biri olan Malikin o\u011flu Raz\u0131haq qocald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u015f\u0131na qara r\u0259ngli qalpaq qoyma\u011fa ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f v\u0259 m\u0259hz bundan sonra «qaraqalpaq» etnonimi yay\u011f\u0131nla\u015fma\u011fa ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bel\u0259 hesab edilir ki, bu ad\u0131 q\u0131pçaqlara \u015e\u0259rq beçenekl\u0259ri vermi\u015fl\u0259r. Fikrimizc\u0259, bu XII \u0259srd\u0259n gec ba\u015f ver\u0259 bilm\u0259zdi. Çünki h\u0259min \u0259srd\u0259 \u0259rs\u0259y\u0259 g\u0259ldiyi bilin\u0259n «\u0130qor polku haqq\u0131nda dastan» (1146-c\u0131 il) onlar\u0131 «çyorn\u0131ye kolobuki», y\u0259ni «qaraqalpaq» kimi Kiyev çöll\u0259ri yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda qeyd\u0259 alm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu, h\u0259min dövrd\u0259 sözüged\u0259n xalq\u0131n C\u0259nubi Rus çöll\u0259rinin, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 Volqa v\u0259 Ural çaylar\u0131 aras\u0131n\u0131n sakinl\u0259ri oldu\u011funu v\u0259 bel\u0259 görünür ki, Noqay Ordas\u0131 dövründ\u0259 d\u0259 el\u0259 h\u0259min \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 söyl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 \u0259sas verir.
\nH\u0259min dövrd\u0259 Kiyev dövl\u0259tind\u0259 türkl\u0259rin çoxluq t\u0259\u015fkil etdiyini diqq\u0259t\u0259 çatd\u0131ran D. Rassovski qaraqalpaqlar\u0131n kumanlar\u0131 bu \u0259razid\u0259n s\u0131x\u0131\u015fd\u0131rd\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131, n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 bu iki q\u0131pçaq qövmü aras\u0131nda q\u0259ddar dü\u015fm\u0259nçiliyin ba\u015f qald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131r. Bel\u0259 hesab edilir ki, qaraqalpaqlar XlI-Xlll \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 q\u0131pçaqlarla birlikd\u0259 tatarlara (mogollara) tabe olmu\u015flar.  \u018fr\u0259b m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259ri \u0259ski rus qaynaqlar\u0131nda «çyorn\u0131ye klobuki" kimi qeyd\u0259 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f qaraqalpaq türkl\u0259rini «qarabörkli» kimi yad edir. R\u0259\u015fid\u0259ddin qaraqalpaqlar\u0131 "Kavm-i külah-i siyah" (qara qalpaq gey\u0259n qövm), \u0259r\u0259b mü\u0259llifl\u0259rind\u0259n \u018fn-Nüveyrri is\u0259 «Alt\u0131n Orda q\u0131pçaq q\u0259bil\u0259l\u0259ri aras\u0131nda bulunan qarabörkli qövmü» adland\u0131r\u0131r.
\nRus salnam\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 gör\u0259, bu xalq uzlar, beçeneql\u0259r ve x\u0259z\u0259rl\u0259rl\u0259 eyni v\u0259 ya yax\u0131n bir qövmdür. R\u0259vay\u0259tl\u0259rin birind\u0259n bel\u0259 ayd\u0131n olur ki, qaraqalpaqlar\u0131n bir qismi XI \u0259srd\u0259 S\u0259lcuqlular\u0131n güney v\u0259 bat\u0131ya do\u011fru gerç\u0259kl\u0259\u015fdirdikl\u0259ri yürü\u015fl\u0259rind\u0259 i\u015ftirak etmi\u015fl\u0259r.
\nQaraqalpaqlar\u0131n haz\u0131rda öz aralar\u0131nda be\u015f oymaqdan ibar\u0259t olduqlar\u0131n\u0131n söyl\u0259y\u0259n, bu oymaqlar\u0131  Kara-Koylu, Kara-Singir, Oymavut, \u0130stek, Açamayl\u0131  kimi s\u0131ralayan S. Y\u0131lmaz onlar\u0131n Amu-D\u0259rya deltas\u0131nda v\u0259 S\u0259m\u0259rq\u0259ndin \u015fimal\u0131nda,  "Ak-T\u0259p\u0259"d\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fdikl\u0259rini, \u0259ld\u0259 olan s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259r\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n qaraqalpaqlar\u0131n yaln\u0131z XVIII-XIX \u0259srl\u0259r tarixini t\u0259dqiq etm\u0259yin mümkün oldu\u011funu bildirm\u0259kd\u0259dir. Alimin sözl\u0259rin\u0259 gör\u0259, Rusiya imparatoru I Pyotr yax\u0131n «adamlar\u0131ndan \u0130van Bucholtz il\u0259 Alexander Bekovic C\u0259rk\u0259skiyi x\u0259b\u0259rini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 q\u0131z\u0131l yataqlar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259dqiq etm\u0259k üçün Orta Asiyaya gönd\u0259rmi\u015fdir. Onlar\u0131n bu s\u0259f\u0259rind\u0259 Xiv\u0259 xan\u0131 bunlara qar\u015f\u0131 döyü\u015fmü\u015fdü. Rus hücumlar\u0131 v\u0259 say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t\u0259 keç\u0259n ba\u015fqirlar\u0131n, qazaxlar\u0131n v\u0259 qaraqalpaqlar\u0131n xan\u0131 seçil\u0259n Murat Xan, önc\u0259 kalm\u0131klar v\u0259 kazaklar Il\u0259 ittifaq qurmaq ist\u0259mi\u015f, bu al\u0131nmad\u0131qda is\u0259 \u0130stambula yard\u0131m almaq üçün getmi\u015fdi. Xan oradan da \u0259libo\u015f dönmü\u015fdü. Qafqaz\u0131n Kuban bölg\u0259sind\u0259 toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kiçik bir qüvv\u0259 il\u0259 1708-ci ild\u0259  \u015eeremetev r\u0259hb\u0259rliyind\u0259 Rusiya ordusu il\u0259 döyü\u015fl\u0259rd\u0259 m\u0259\u011flub oldu. Özü is\u0259 ruslar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n öldürüldü. Uzun zaman s\u0259ssiz qald\u0131qdan sonra qaraqalpaqlar 1811-ci ild\u0259 Xiv\u0259 xan\u0131n tabeliçiliyin\u0259 keçmi\u015fl\u0259r. D\u0259f\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 üsyan qald\u0131rm\u0131\u015flar. Bu ayaqlanmalar\u0131n, y\u0259ni üsyanlar\u0131n s\u0259b\u0259bi, çox gümün ki, a\u011f\u0131r vergil\u0259r olmu\u015fdur: «Yen\u0259 1859-cu ild\u0259 üsyan etmi\u015f, F\u0259q\u0259t Xiv\u0259 xan\u0131 Seyid M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d (1856-1865) bu üsyan\u0131 yat\u0131rm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Seyid M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d Xan X\u0131v\u0259d\u0259ki xalq\u0131n Rusiya t\u0259sirin\u0259 dü\u015fm\u0259m\u0259si üçün b\u0259zi t\u0259dbirl\u0259r görüb v\u0259 üsyan yat\u0131rd\u0131qdan sonra, öldürül\u0259n h\u0259r rusa gör\u0259, bir ödül (100 tille) veril\u0259c\u0259yini elan etmi\u015fdi. Lakin onun bu t\u0259klifi maraq görm\u0259mi\u015fdi. Daha sonra rus g\u0259mil\u0259rinin Amud\u0259rya çay\u0131na girm\u0259m\u0259l\u0259ri üçün çay\u0131n b\u0259zi yerl\u0259rind\u0259 qala tikdirmi\u015fdi. 1863-cü ild\u0259 qaraqalpaqlar S\u0131rd\u0259rya bölg\u0259sin\u0259 köçm\u0259k üçün Rusuyadan d\u0259st\u0259k ist\u0259mi\u015fdi. Lakin yard\u0131m almad\u0131lar. 1873-cü ild\u0259 ruslar Xiv\u0259y\u0259 girdikd\u0259, xalq onlara yard\u0131m etmi\u015fdi. Rusiya il\u0259 X\u0131v\u0259 xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131ndak\u0131 raz\u0131la\u015fmaya gör\u0259, qaraqalpaqlar Rusiya hakimiyy\u0259tin\u0259 keçirl\u0259r. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, qaraqalpaklar\u0131n indi ya\u015fad\u0131qlar\u0131 \u0259razil\u0259r\u0259 XIX \u0259srd\u0259 köçdükl\u0259ri anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. N. Ta\u011f\u0131soy m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259y\u0259 bir q\u0259d\u0259r f\u0259rqli baxsa da, o da t\u0259qrib\u0259n eyni fikird\u0259dir. O yaz\u0131r ki, «Qaraqalpaqlar\u0131n etnogenezi S\u0131rd\u0259rya v\u0259 Aral \u0259traf\u0131 düz\u0259nlik v\u0259 deltalara yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f q\u0259bil\u0259l\u0259rin bu \u0259razil\u0259r\u0259 m\u0259skunla\u015fmas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. XVI \u0259sr v\u0259 XVII \u0259srin ortalar\u0131nda qaraqalpaqlar\u0131n böyük bir hiss\u0259si S\u0131rd\u0259ryan\u0131n orta v\u0259 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 axar\u0131nda yerl\u0259\u015fmi\u015fdir. Onlar \u0259sas\u0259n bu dövrd\u0259 yar\u0131mköç\u0259ri h\u0259yat t\u0259rzi keçirir, \u0259kinçilikl\u0259, heyvandarl\u0131qla, bal\u0131qç\u0131l\u0131qla m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olurdular. XVIII \u0259srin ortalar\u0131nda qaraqalpaqlar\u0131n \u0259sas hiss\u0259si S\u0131rd\u0259ryadan Jan\u0131d\u0259rya deltas\u0131n\u0131n q\u0259rb qolu hiss\u0259sind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015fm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131b, XIX \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 qaraqalpaqlar\u0131n Amud\u0259rya deltas\u0131nda yerl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si sona yetib». Alimin sözl\u0259rin\u0259 gör\u0259, XIX \u0259srin II yar\u0131s\u0131nda Amud\u0259ryan\u0131n sa\u011f sahilind\u0259 olan \u0259razil\u0259r ruslar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n i\u015f\u011fal olunmu\u015fdur. «Burada Türküstan general qubernatorlu\u011funun S\u0131rd\u0259rya vilay\u0259tinin t\u0259rkibin\u0259 daxil olan Amud\u0259rya \u015föb\u0259si yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Amud\u0259rya \u015föb\u0259si 1920-ci ild\u0259 Türküstan Muxtar Sovet Sosialist Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n Amud\u0259rya vilay\u0259tin\u0259 çevrilmi\u015fdir. 1924-cü ild\u0259 burada Qazaxstan Sovet Sosialist Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259rkibin \u0259 daxil olan Qaraqalpaq Muxtar vilay\u0259ti yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Sonra Muxtar Vilay\u0259t 1930-cu ild\u0259 RSFSR-in t\u0259rkibin\u0259 daxil edilmi\u015fdir. 1932-ci ild\u0259 bu Muxtar vilay\u0259t Qaraqalpaqstan Muxtar Respublikas\u0131na çevilmi\u015fdir. Qaraqalpaqstan 1936-c\u0131 ild\u0259 Özb\u0259kistan\u0131n t\u0259rkibin\u0259 verilmi\u015f, 1993-cü ild\u0259 is\u0259 Qaraqalpaqstan Respublikas\u0131na çevrilmi\u015fdir».
\nS. Y\u0131lmaz yaz\u0131r ki, «Karakalpakca K\u0131pçak grubunun K\u0131pcak-Nogay As bölümündendir». Bu m\u0259lumat\u0131n bizim üçün çox böyük \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259ti var. Bel\u0259 ki, sözüged\u0259n türk boyunun soy dam\u011fas\u0131na G\u0259miqayada rast g\u0259linmi\u015fdir  ki, bu da qaraqalpaqlar\u0131n öz etnogenezinin ilkin m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n birini Qafqaz, o cüml\u0259d\u0259n Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisind\u0259 keçirdiyini bir daha t\u0259kzibedilm\u0259z \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 sübut edir.  Maraql\u0131d\u0131r ki, rus salnam\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 «çorn\u0131ye klobuki»l\u0259r, y\u0259ni qaraqalpaqlar b\u0259z\u0259n «ç\u0259rk\u0259z» ad\u0131 il\u0259 yad edilir. Bu is\u0259 bir daha onlar\u0131n formala\u015fma tarixinin Qafqazda keçdiyin\u0259 d\u0259lal\u0259t edir. Burada S. Y\u0131lmaz\u0131n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 qeydin\u0259 d\u0259 xüsusi diqq\u0259t yetirm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r: «Çox ilginctir ki 30 iyul 1996-c\u0131 ild\u0259 Qaraqalpaq\u0131standa s\u0259f\u0259rim zaman\u0131 bilim adamlar\u0131  Türkiy\u0259d\u0259  d\u0259 qaraqalpak oldu\u011funu söyl\u0259dikl\u0259rini e\u015fitd\u0131m. Bunun s\u0259b\u0259bi qaraqalpaqlarla, qarapapaqlar\u0131n qar\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 gördüm. Halbuki Türkiy\u0259nin Kars  Ardahan, Ç\u0131ld\u0131r, Arpacay bölg\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 ya\u015fayan qarapapaqlar Az\u0259rbaycan m\u0259ni\u0259lidir". 
\nBu qeydd\u0259n göründüyü kimi, qaraqalpaqlar qarapapaqlar\u0131 öz \u0259qrabalar\u0131 saymaqdad\u0131rlar. N. Ta\u011f\u0131soyun fikrinc\u0259, «qarapapaqlar da türk q\u0259bil\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biri olmaqla, \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259r qara qoyun d\u0259risind\u0259n papaq geyinirdil\u0259r (türk dilind\u0259 “papaq” v\u0259 “qalpaq” eyni sözü ifad\u0259 etm\u0259kd\u0259dir). Buna gör\u0259 d\u0259 «qarapapaq» v \u0259 «qaraqalpaq» etnoniml\u0259ri bir-birinin sinonimidir. Bundan ba\u015fqa türk dilind\u0259 bu gün\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r «papaq» v\u0259 «qalpaq» sözü il\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259r «börk» sözü d\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259dilir. Buna nümun\u0259 kimi Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n Ucar rayonunda Bak\u0131-Tbilisi avtomobil yolunun üstünd\u0259 «Qara börk» adl\u0131 ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f m\u0259sk\u0259ni olan k\u0259ndin ad\u0131n\u0131 qeyd etm\u0259k mümkündür. H\u0259r ehtimala qar\u015f\u0131 bu k\u0259ndin ad\u0131 da el\u0259 qarabörklü q\u0259bil \u0259sin\u0259 aid edilm\u0259lidir. Qarapapaqlar tarixi kökl\u0259ri etibaril\u0259 «bas\u0131l», «bars\u0131l», «barsil», «barç\u0131l», «barçel», «barçula», «borçal\u0131» etnonimin\u0259 gedib ç\u0131x\u0131r. Bu komponentl\u0259r h\u0259m d\u0259 «kas-at», «kaz-ar», «kaz-ak», «xaz-ar» etnoniml\u0259ri il\u0259 xeyli ümumi nöqt\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 malikdir. V.Minorskinin, F.K\u0131rz\u0131o\u011flunun v\u0259 Z.Bünyadovun fikrinc\u0259 qarapapaqlar h\u0259m d\u0259 q\u0131pçaq kökün\u0259 ba \u011fl\u0131d\u0131rlar».<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Qaraqalpaqlar qarapapaqlar\u0131 öz \u0259qrabalar\u0131 say\u0131r Qaraqalpaq türkl\u0259ri olan bu q\u0131pçaq xalq\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rda da\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131n haradan v\u0259 n\u0259 vaxt peyda olmas\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sini ara\u015fd\u0131rma\u011fa çal\u0131\u015faq. Berdah\u0131n «\u015e\u0259c\u0259r\u0259»sin\u0259 inanas\u0131 olsaq, \u0259s\u0259rin q\u0259hr\u0259manlar\u0131ndan biri…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":251278,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37386","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-esas"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37386","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=37386"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37386\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/251278"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=37386"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=37386"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=37386"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}