{"id":37280,"date":"2016-09-07T18:59:19","date_gmt":"2016-09-07T14:59:19","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T20:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/?p=37280","title":{"rendered":"Urmiya g\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u0259n Aral g\u00f6l\u00fcn\u0259d\u0259k uzanan yax\u0131n v\u0259 uzaq tariximiz"},"content":{"rendered":"

Qarqarlar Qafqaz Albaniyas\u0131n\u0131n, y\u0259ni Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n \u0259n q\u0259dim sakinl\u0259rind\u0259n biridir<\/strong><\/p>\n

  Türk dill\u0259rinin m\u0259\u015fhur bilicisi N.A.Baskakov qaraqalpaq v\u0259 no\u011fay dill\u0259rini müqayis\u0259 edib bir-biri il\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131rmaqla onlar\u0131n tayfa t\u0259rkibini göst\u0259rib, etnik birliyini sübuta yetirib. Bundan ba\u015fqa XVII \u0259sr rus tarixi s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259rind\u0259 qaraqalpaqlar\u0131n v\u0259 no\u011faylar\u0131n Yaik çay\u0131 üz\u0259rind\u0259 h\u0259rbi döyü\u015fl\u0259rd\u0259 birlikd\u0259 i\u015ftirak etdikl\u0259ri göst\u0259rilir. Bütün bunlar bir daha t\u0259sdiq edir ki, XV-XVI \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 qaraqalpaqlar No\u011fay Ordas\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259rkibind\u0259 olublar. Bu siyasi birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259nin ç\u0259rçiv\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 h\u0259r ehtimala qar\u015f\u0131 m\u0259hz qaraqalpaqlar\u0131n etnogenezinin formala\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n mür\u0259kk\u0259b prosesi gedib, onlar\u0131n dili v\u0259 qaraqalpaqlar\u0131n m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tinin \u0259sas xüsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri m\u0259hz bu mühitd\u0259 formala\u015f\u0131b. Burada Orta Asiya siviliziasiyas\u0131n\u0131n q\u0259dim m\u0259rk\u0259zi olan Xar\u0259zm\u0259 m\u0259xsus olan xarakterik \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259 öz \u0259ksini tap\u0131b. El\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 onlar\u0131n D\u0259\u015fti-Q\u0131pçaqla v\u0259 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 – S\u0131rd\u0259rya rayonlar\u0131 (Qazax\u0131stan) v\u0259 \u015e\u0259rqi Avropan\u0131n – Ural \u0259traf\u0131n\u0131n, Volqa \u0259traf\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 \u015eimali Qafqaz \u0259razil\u0259rind\u0259 ya\u015fayan xalqlar\u0131n m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tl\u0259ri il\u0259 bir arealda formala\u015fmas\u0131 da tarixi etnoqrafik \u0259d\u0259biyyatda sübuta yetirilib. Qaraqalpaqlarla no\u011faylar\u0131n etnik birliyini h\u0259m d\u0259 bu iki xalq\u0131n içind\u0259 olan q\u0259bil\u0259-tayfa adlar\u0131n\u0131n eyniliyi d\u0259 sübut edir. Qaraqalpaq etnoqraflar\u0131 v\u0259 folklor\u015fünaslar\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f \u0259fsan\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 l\u0259tif\u0259l\u0259r s\u0131ras\u0131nda xüsusi maraq no\u011faylar\u0131n tarixi folklorlu il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 silsil\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t k\u0259sb edir. R\u0259vay\u0259t v\u0259 \u0259fsan\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 qaraqalpaqlar\u0131n no\u011faylarla Ural \u0259traf\u0131nda Volqaya, Urala v\u0259 Kr\u0131ma t\u0259r\u0259f birg\u0259 köç etm\u0259si d\u0259 \u0259ksini tap\u0131b. Bununla bel\u0259 \u0259fsan\u0259 v\u0259 r\u0259vay\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 h\u0259m d\u0259 rus v\u0259 \u015e\u0259rq m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 gör\u0259 no\u011faylardan Ormambet b\u0259yin, Orus b\u0259yin v\u0259 dig\u0259r hökmdarlar\u0131n ad\u0131 ç\u0259kilir». 
\nQaraqalpaq türkl\u0259rinin \u0259n \u0259ski ata yurdlar\u0131 Urmiya sahill\u0259ri, sonrak\u0131 yurdlar\u0131 Qafqaz da\u011flar\u0131 bölg\u0259si, daha sonrak\u0131 ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f yeri Ural v\u0259 Volqa çaylar\u0131 aras\u0131ndak\u0131 \u0259razil\u0259r indiki m\u0259sk\u0259nl\u0259ri is\u0259 Qaraqalpak Muxtar Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n quruldu\u011fu bölg\u0259dir. B\u0259zi t\u0259dqiqatç\u0131lar bu xalq\u0131n bugünkü yurdlar\u0131nda formala\u015fd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, y\u0259ni bütün etnogenez prosesinin Aral gölü ve Amud\u0259rya çay\u0131 sahill\u0259rind\u0259 keçdiyini söyl\u0259y\u0259nl\u0259r olsa da, bu iddia h\u0259qiq\u0259ti q\u0259tiyy\u0259n \u0259ks etdirmir. H\u0259qiq\u0259t «Q\u0131rx q\u0131z» dastan\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259tirl\u0259rind\u0259 v\u0259 dig\u0259r r\u0259vay\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259b\u0259dil\u0259\u015fmi\u015fdir. 
\nQ\u0131r\u011f\u0131zlarda da “Q\u0131rx q\u0131z ata” adl\u0131 \u0259fsan\u0259 qeyd\u0259 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r v\u0259 bu \u0259fsan\u0259 qaraqalpaq dastan\u0131n\u0131n süjetini deyil, Az\u0259rbaycandak\u0131 eyni adl\u0131 \u0259fsan\u0259ni xat\u0131rlatmaqdad\u0131r. M. \u0130smay\u0131l Rüst\u0259m q\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n fikrinc\u0259, q\u0131r\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131n «Q\u0131rx q\u0131z ata» \u0259fsan\u0259si türk m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tinin ortaq xüsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rini ayd\u0131n \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 göst\u0259rir. \u018ffsan\u0259y\u0259 gör\u0259 Köymen da\u011f\u0131nda ya\u015fayan obalarda q\u0131rx q\u0131z biri – biri il\u0259 bac\u0131 kimi keçinirmi\u015f. Bir gün bu obalara quldurlar basq\u0131n edir. Q\u0131zlar o s\u0131rada h\u0259r\u0259si bir i\u015fl\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful imi\u015f. Basq\u0131nç\u0131lar\u0131 kafir sayan q\u0131zlar onlara görünm\u0259kd\u0259ns\u0259 da\u015f olma\u011f\u0131 dil\u0259yirl\u0259r. Köymen da\u011f\u0131 yar\u0131l\u0131r. Q\u0131rx q\u0131z da\u011f\u0131n için\u0259 gir\u0259r\u0259k orada da\u015f olurlar. Bura «Q\u0131rx q\u0131z ata» adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 ziyar\u0259t yerin\u0259 çevrilmi\u015fdir.
\nMir\u0259li Seyidov mifoloji t\u0259f\u0259kkürd\u0259 bu tip çevrilm\u0259l\u0259rin \u0259ski inamlarla ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu fikrini \u0259sasland\u0131raraq yaz\u0131r ki,“Q\u0259dim insanlar inan\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ki, onqon, ilahi, Tanr\u0131 h\u0259r bir canl\u0131da, cans\u0131zda cüz hal\u0131nda var v\u0259 onlar kök\u0259 gör\u0259 qohumdurlar. Bu cüzün gücü il\u0259 canl\u0131, cans\u0131z \u015f\u0259klini d\u0259yi\u015fir. Da\u015f insan olur, insan heyvan v\u0259 sair”.
\n“Q\u0131rx q\u0131z ata” \u0259fsan\u0259sinin kök etibaril\u0259 Qafqaz regionu, daha d\u0259qiq des\u0259k, Az\u0259rbaycanla ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu, y\u0259ni Az\u0259rbaycandan Orta Asiyaya apar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 heç bir \u015fübh\u0259 oyatm\u0131r. \u018ffsan\u0259d\u0259ki da\u015fa dönm\u0259 motivi d\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan m\u0259n\u015f\u0259lidir. Bu motiv  Naxç\u0131van regionundan toplanm\u0131\u015f \u0259fsan\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 rast g\u0259ldiyimiz \u0259sas motivl\u0259rd\u0259n biridir (\u0130smay\u0131l Rüst\u0259m q\u0131z\u0131, 2008, s. 51). M. \u0130smay\u0131l Rüst\u0259m q\u0131z\u0131 yaz\u0131r ki, “Da\u015fa dönm\u0259 insanlar\u0131n \u0259ski mifoloji dünyagörü\u015fünün ifad\u0259sidir. Bu proses mü\u0259yy\u0259n v\u0259ziyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 dualar, Tanr\u0131ya yalvar\u0131\u015f, niyy\u0259t etm\u0259 il\u0259 ba\u015f verir. M\u0259sum varl\u0131qlar\u0131n- \u0259sas\u0259n q\u0131zlar\u0131n, g\u0259linl\u0259rin, sevgilil\u0259rin zülmd\u0259n qurtulu\u015f yolu da\u011fa üz tutmas\u0131 v\u0259 da\u015fa çevrilm\u0259sidir. Maraql\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259f odur ki, insana b\u0259nz\u0259r da\u015flar \u0259fsan\u0259l\u0259\u015f\u0259rk\u0259n \u0259slind\u0259 da\u015flar da ülvil\u0259\u015fmi\u015f, xalq yüks\u0259k m\u0259n\u0259vi duy\u011fular\u0131n\u0131 da\u015flara a\u015f\u0131lam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Da\u015fa dönm\u0259 motivind\u0259 q\u0259dim türkl\u0259rin da\u011f, da\u015f v\u0259 qayalara bax\u0131\u015f t\u0259rzi d\u0259 ortaya ç\u0131x\u0131r”.
\nAlimin yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131na gör\u0259, \u015eahbuz rayonunun Badaml\u0131 k\u0259ndind\u0259ki «Q\u0131z-g\u0259lin» deyil\u0259n yerl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 xalq aras\u0131nda iki \u0259fsan\u0259 dan\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. \u018ffsan\u0259l\u0259rin birind\u0259 deyilir ki, bir ovçu silah\u0131 qald\u0131r\u0131b qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndak\u0131 k\u0259klikl\u0259ri ni\u015fan alanda k\u0259klikl\u0259r onun gözün\u0259 q\u0131z – g\u0259lin kimi görünür. El\u0259 ki, tüf\u0259ngi sal\u0131r, yen\u0259 k\u0259klikl\u0259r görünür. N\u0259hay\u0259t, bu görüntül\u0259rd\u0259n bezmi\u015f ovçu at\u0259\u015f açanda k\u0259klikl\u0259r q\u0131z – g\u0259lin donundaca da\u015fa dönürl\u0259r. 
\nM. \u0130smay\u0131l Rüst\u0259m q\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n fikrinc\u0259, bu \u0259fsan\u0259nin m\u0259zmunu v\u0259 mövzusu insan v\u0259 t\u0259bi\u0259t münasib\u0259tl\u0259rinin pozulmas\u0131 il\u0259 izah olunmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ikinci \u0259fsan\u0259d\u0259 is\u0259 dü\u015fm\u0259nl\u0259rd\u0259n qaçan q\u0131z – g\u0259linl\u0259r da\u011fda Allaha dua edib qeyb olurlar. Xalq inanc\u0131na gör\u0259 yan-yana düzülmü\u015f da\u015flar h\u0259min q\u0131z – g\u0259linl\u0259rdir.
\nNaxç\u0131vandan toplanm\u0131\u015f ba\u015fqa bir \u0259fsan\u0259nin m\u0259zmunu bel\u0259dir: «Yayc\u0131 elinin camaat\u0131 elin igidl\u0259rinin m\u0259\u011flub oldu\u011funu, dü\u015fm\u0259nin is\u0259 çox oldu\u011funu gör\u0259nd\u0259 q\u0131z-g\u0259linl\u0259r \u0259l\u0259 keçm\u0259sinl\u0259r dey\u0259 Allaha yalvar\u0131rlar ki, onlar\u0131 da\u015f el\u0259sin. Za\u011falara gir\u0259n dü\u015fm\u0259n h\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259 da\u015f adamlarla rastla\u015f\u0131r. Deyil\u0259n\u0259 gör\u0259, bura ziyar\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259nl\u0259r niyy\u0259tl\u0259rinin ba\u015f tutub tutmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilm\u0259k üçün x\u0131rda da\u015flardan götürüb g\u0259lin da\u015f\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na at\u0131rlar. Da\u015f orada qalsa dem\u0259li niyy\u0259t q\u0259bul olunur».
\n“O\u011flanqala-q\u0131zqala” \u0259fsan\u0259sind\u0259 o\u011flan \u0259hdin\u0259 dönük ç\u0131xan sevgilisinin v\u0259fas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dözm\u0259yib özünü yanar oda at\u0131r. Amma v\u0259fas\u0131z olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan odda yanm\u0131r, a\u011f bir da\u015fa dönür.
\n“Q\u0131z qayas\u0131” \u0259fsan\u0259sind\u0259 k\u0259ndin zal\u0131m katdas\u0131na getm\u0259k ist\u0259m\u0259y\u0259n q\u0131z da\u011flara üz tutub qaç\u0131r, Allaha yalvar\u0131r v\u0259 da\u015fa dönür. “Da\u015f q\u0131z”  \u0259fsan\u0259sind\u0259 zal\u0131m atas\u0131ndan qorxan q\u0131z üzünü göyl\u0259r\u0259 tutub aman ist\u0259yir ki, “\u0130lahi, bel\u0259 ya\u015famaqdansa m\u0259ni dönd\u0259rib da\u015f el\u0259.” H\u0259min andaca q\u0131z da\u015f olur. Bu yer d\u0259 “Da\u015f q\u0131z” adlan\u0131r.
\nDa\u015fa dönm\u0259 motivli “Q\u0131rx q\u0131z ata” \u0259fsan\u0259sinin Az\u0259rbaycan m\u0259n\u015f\u0259li olmas\u0131, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 bir çox t\u0259dqiqatç\u0131n\u0131n “q\u0131r\u011f\u0131z” etnonimini “q\u0131rx q\u0131z”la ba\u011flamas\u0131 bu xalq\u0131n da etnogenezinin ilkin m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259sinin Az\u0259rbaycanla ba\u011fl\u0131 ola bil\u0259c\u0259yini ehtimal etm\u0259y\u0259 ciddi \u0259sas verir. Q\u0131r\u011f\u0131z türkl\u0259rinin m\u0259n\u0259vi dünyas\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 \u0259fsan\u0259l\u0259\u015fmi\u015f tarixi keçmi\u015finin “ensiklopediya”s\u0131 hesab edil\u0259n “Manas” dastan\u0131ndak\u0131 bir neç\u0259 ön\u0259mli m\u0259qam bu ehtimal\u0131n h\u0259qiq\u0259td\u0259n q\u0259tiyy\u0259n uzaq olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 göst\u0259rir.
\n“Q\u0131rx q\u0131z” motivinin Qafqaz m\u0259n\u015f\u0259li oldu\u011funu v\u0259 bu halda söhb\u0259tin amazonkalardan getdiyini söyl\u0259mi\u015fdik. Madam ki, q\u0131r\u011f\u0131zlar yaln\u0131z bu kütl\u0259vi (q\u0131rx\u0131n q\u0131rxa) izdivacdan sonra peyda olublar, o zaman ortaya bel\u0259 bir sual ç\u0131x\u0131r: bu q\u0131rx igid etnik bax\u0131mdan kimdir, onlar\u0131n v\u0259 Manas\u0131n m\u0259nsub oldu\u011fu xalq\u0131n ad\u0131 n\u0259dir? Bu sual\u0131n cavab\u0131 q\u0131r\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131n etnogenezini anlamaq bax\u0131m\u0131ndan çox böyük ön\u0259m da\u015f\u0131y\u0131r. Sual\u0131n cavab\u0131 is\u0259 el\u0259 “Manas” dastan\u0131n\u0131n özünd\u0259 verilir. 
\nDastanda \u0259s\u0259rin q\u0259hr\u0259man\u0131 Manas\u0131n m\u0259nsub oldu\u011fu xalq gah qarqar, gah da q\u0131pçaq adlan\u0131r. Bu informasiya q\u0131r\u011f\u0131z türkl\u0259rinin etnogenezini v\u0259 bu etnogenezin ilkin co\u011frafi areal\u0131n\u0131 mü\u0259yy\u0259n etm\u0259miz bax\u0131m\u0131ndan son d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 böyük ön\u0259m da\u015f\u0131maqdad\u0131r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 buras\u0131ndad\u0131r ki, Strabon qarqarlar\u0131n amazonkalarla qon\u015fuluqda, amazonkalar\u0131n is\u0259 Albaniya üz\u0259rind\u0259 yüks\u0259l\u0259n da\u011flarda  ya\u015fad\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 yazm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Eyni zamanda, qarqarlar\u0131n Qafqaz Albaniyas\u0131n\u0131n, y\u0259ni Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n \u0259n q\u0259dim sakinl\u0259rind\u0259n biri oldu\u011fu h\u0259r k\u0259s\u0259 m\u0259lumdur. O da faktd\u0131r ki, alban \u0259lifbas\u0131 m\u0259hz q\u0131pçaq – qarqar dili \u0259sas\u0131nda yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131 v\u0259 bu dil Albaniyan\u0131n \u0259d\u0259biyyat v\u0259 dövl\u0259t dili funksiyas\u0131n\u0131 ifa etmi\u015fdir.
\nB\u0259xtiyar Tuncay <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Qarqarlar Qafqaz Albaniyas\u0131n\u0131n, y\u0259ni Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n \u0259n q\u0259dim sakinl\u0259rind\u0259n biridir   Türk dill\u0259rinin m\u0259\u015fhur bilicisi N.A.Baskakov qaraqalpaq v\u0259 no\u011fay dill\u0259rini müqayis\u0259 edib bir-biri il\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131rmaqla onlar\u0131n tayfa t\u0259rkibini göst\u0259rib, etnik birliyini sübuta…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":251278,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37280","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-esas"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37280","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=37280"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37280\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/251278"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=37280"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=37280"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=37280"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}