{"id":37131,"date":"2016-09-05T19:20:52","date_gmt":"2016-09-05T15:20:52","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T20:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/?p=37131","title":{"rendered":"Urmiya g\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u0259n Aral g\u00f6l\u00fcn\u0259d\u0259k uzanan yax\u0131n v\u0259 uzaq tariximiz"},"content":{"rendered":"

Q\u0131rx \u0259d\u0259di türk mifik sistemind\u0259 çoxluq anlam\u0131na g\u0259lir<\/strong><\/p>\n

\nAz\u0259rbaycanda folklorunda amazon qad\u0131nlarla ba\u011fl\u0131 kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r m\u0259lumatlar var. Yeri g\u0259lmi\u015fk\u0259n qeyd ed\u0259k ki, b\u0259nz\u0259r \u0259fsan\u0259 günümüz\u0259d\u0259k Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n Zaqatala rayonunda da, h\u0259m türk, h\u0259m d\u0259 avar \u0259hali iç\u0259risind\u0259 ya\u015famaqdad\u0131r v\u0259 oradak\u0131 xalq rayon \u0259razisind\u0259 \u0259lçatmaz qayada yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n P\u0259ri qalas\u0131n\u0131 h\u0259min bahad\u0131r qad\u0131n v\u0259 amazonkalar il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ndirirl\u0259r.
\nL. S. Tolstova “Q\u0131rx q\u0131z” dastan\u0131n\u0131n süjeti il\u0259 nart eposunun osetin variant\u0131n\u0131n, daha do\u011frusu bu variant\u0131n “Noza o\u011flu Barxunun ölümü” adl\u0131 bölümünün süjeti aras\u0131nda daha çox uy\u011funluq oldu\u011funu yaz\u0131r: “Noza o\u011flu Barxunun ölümü” adl\u0131 bölümd\u0259 eyn\u0259n qaraqalpaq dastan\u0131nda oldu\u011fu kimi, öz yand\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yurd yerinin v\u0259 öldürülmü\u015f qohumlar\u0131n\u0131n qisas\u0131n\u0131 alan qad\u0131n döyü\u015fçül\u0259rin t\u0259sviri verilir».
\n“Q\u0131rx q\u0131z” dastan\u0131nda Gülay\u0131m Surtay\u015fan\u0131n kalm\u0131k ordusunun onlar\u0131n \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rin\u0259 basq\u0131n etm\u0259sind\u0259n sonra öz “amazonkalar\u0131na”  bel\u0259 müraci\u0259t edir:<\/p>\n

Bu zaman Gülay\u0131m aya\u011fa qalxaraq,
\nQ\u0259z\u0259bl\u0259nmi\u015f q\u0131zlara bel\u0259 m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259t etdi:
\n“Ey m\u0259nim kiçik bac\u0131lar\u0131m, qohumlar\u0131m,
\nYet\u0259r k\u0259d\u0259rl\u0259nib, a\u011flad\u0131q” – söyl\u0259di.
\n“G\u0259lin qolçaqlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 tax\u0131b, s\u0131xaq k\u0259m\u0259rl\u0259ri,
\nÖlk\u0259mizi tari-mar ed\u0259n zal\u0131m dü\u015fm\u0259nl\u0259ri,
\nYorulmadan, gec\u0259 gündüz t\u0259qib ed\u0259k,
\nQ\u0131l\u0131nclar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 q\u0131n\u0131ndan ç\u0131xar\u0131b, ç\u0259k\u0259k.
\nAtlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 minib yel kimi \u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131yaq,
\nZal\u0131m dü\u015fm\u0259n\u0259 çat\u0131b, haqlayaq.
\nSoyumuzu \u0259sir ed\u0259n Suroy\u015fa il\u0259 döyü\u015füb,
\nYa öl\u0259k mill\u0259t üçün, ya da ki z\u0259f\u0259r çalaq.<\/p>\n

B\u0259nz\u0259r hal\u0131 osetin eposunda da görm\u0259k mümkündür:<\/p>\n

H\u0259min zaman o m\u0259h\u0259ll\u0259nin yan\u0131nda ki,
\nBarxunun adamlar\u0131 darmada\u011f\u0131n etmi\u015fdi,
\nDarqavsar\u0131n q\u0131z\u0131 bütün q\u0131zlar\u0131 toplad\u0131,
\nO yerd\u0259 ki h\u0259r yan yan\u0131b kül\u0259 çevrilmi\u015fdi:
\n“A\u011flamaqdan, s\u0131zlamaqdan bir \u015fey dü\u015fm\u0259z \u0259l\u0259,
\nÖlül\u0259ri a\u011flamaqdansa verib biz \u0259l-\u0259l\u0259,
\nHeç olmazsa küll\u0259rini qoyaq q\u0259birl\u0259r\u0259.<\/p>\n

Q\u0131zlar ölmü\u015f qohumlar\u0131n\u0131 basd\u0131rd\u0131qdan sonra qisas alma\u011fa söz verirl\u0259r:<\/p>\n

Q\u0259z\u0259b-hidd\u0259tl\u0259 and içdi onlar,
\nKi, dü\u015fm\u0259ni ba\u011f\u0131\u015flamayacaqlar,
\nQan bahas\u0131n\u0131 mütl\u0259q alacaqlar .
\nQeyd ed\u0259k ki. Qafqaz Albaniyas\u0131 Roma ordusuna qar\u015f\u0131 vuru\u015fark\u0259n amazon qad\u0131nlardan da b\u0259hs edilir. Ox\u015far c\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259r kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r çoxdur. Osetin v\u0259 qaraqalpaq eposlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fqa bir yax\u0131n t\u0259r\u0259fi q\u0131zlar\u0131n h\u0259rbi t\u0259lim keçm\u0259si s\u0259hn\u0259sidir. Dig\u0259r b\u0259nz\u0259rlik is\u0259 h\u0259r iki eposda \u0259kizl\u0259rin i\u015ftirak etm\u0259sidir. Osetin eposunda Xam\u0131p v\u0259 Uruzmaq adl\u0131 iki \u0259kiz qarda\u015fdan söhb\u0259t aç\u0131l\u0131r. Onlar\u0131n atas\u0131 Axsar\u0131n da Axsartaq adl\u0131 \u0259kiz qarda\u015f\u0131 vard\u0131. Bu qarda\u015flardan Uruzmaq öz bac\u0131s\u0131 Satana il\u0259 evl\u0259nir. Qaraqalpaq dastan\u0131nda is\u0259 Ar\u0131slan v\u0259 Alt\u0131nay adl\u0131 \u0259kiz bac\u0131-qarda\u015fdan v\u0259 onlar\u0131n \u015f\u0259rl\u0259n\u0259r\u0259k zina etdikl\u0259rinin iddia edilm\u0259sind\u0259n dan\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r 
\n“Q\u0131rx q\u0131z” dastan\u0131 il\u0259 bu tip s\u0259sl\u0259\u015fm\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 nart eposunun abxaz variant\u0131nda v\u0259 nartlar bar\u0259d\u0259 qumuq \u0259fsan\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259 rast g\u0259lm\u0259k mümkündür. Bu variant v\u0259 \u0259fsan\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 Satana 100, b\u0259z\u0259ns\u0259 40 o\u011ful anas\u0131 kimi t\u0259qdim edilir.  Qaraqalpaq dastan\u0131nda is\u0259 yüz (b\u0259zi variantlarda q\u0131rx) o\u011ful anas\u0131 rolunda Jupar-kempir ç\u0131x\u0131\u015f edir.
\nAz\u0259rbaycanda da «Q\u0131rx q\u0131z» adl\u0131 \u0259fsan\u0259 qeyd\u0259 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bu \u0259fsan\u0259d\u0259 dü\u015fm\u0259nl\u0259rd\u0259n qaçan q\u0131zlar\u0131n dualar\u0131 il\u0259 da\u011f, qaya ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Q\u0131zlar\u0131n q\u0131rx\u0131 da bu qayan\u0131n için\u0259 girir. Q\u0131rx q\u0131zla ba\u011fl\u0131 motiv\u0259 “D\u0259d\u0259 Qorqud” dastan\u0131nda da rast g\u0259linir.Söhb\u0259t burla xatunun q\u0131rx inc\u0259belli q\u0131zla birlikd\u0259 q\u0131pçaqlara \u0259sir dü\u015fm\u0259sind\u0259n gedir. Buradak\u0131 q\u0131rx say\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 qeyd etm\u0259liyik ki, ist\u0259nil\u0259n say (k\u0259miyy\u0259t) b\u0259\u015f\u0259r  övlad\u0131n\u0131n dünyan\u0131 qavramas\u0131nda, \u0259traf al\u0259min real v\u0259 mifoloji d\u0259rkolunmas\u0131nda xüsusi ön\u0259m\u0259 sahib olmu\u015fdur. Say bütün mifoloji sisteml\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259n geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f i\u015far\u0259l\u0259r toplular\u0131ndan biridir v\u0259 ölçü  da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 kimi ç\u0131x\u0131\u015f edir. Konkret olaraq q\u0131rx \u0259d\u0259din\u0259 g\u0259linc\u0259, bu türk mifik sistemind\u0259 çoxluq anlam\u0131na g\u0259lm\u0259kd\u0259dir. V\u0259 bu t\u0259f\u0259kkür bütün türk v\u0259 Qafqaz xalqlar\u0131nda, o cüml\u0259d\u0259n Az\u0259rbaycanda bel\u0259dir. R. Qafarov yaz\u0131r ki, “Q\u0131rx. Çoxluq anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r. «Q\u0131rx düym\u0259li paltar», «q\u0131rx otaq», «q\u0131rx d\u0259v\u0259li yük» dey\u0259nd\u0259 ilk bax\u0131\u015fda sakrall\u0131q hiss olunmur. Lakin düym\u0259l\u0259r aç\u0131l\u0131b ax\u0131ra çatan kimi t\u0259z\u0259d\u0259n ba\u011flananda bu r\u0259q\u0259min arxas\u0131nda sirli al\u0259m gizl\u0259ndiyi a\u015fkarlan\u0131r. Az\u0259rbaycan türkl\u0259rinin «\u018fsli v\u0259 K\u0259r\u0259m» eposunun mifoloji qaynaqlar\u0131nda q\u0131rx düym\u0259li xalat gerç\u0259k al\u0259min bitm\u0259si – ömür yolunun ba\u011flanmas\u0131, o biri dünyan\u0131n qap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n is\u0259 aç\u0131lmas\u0131 kimi m\u0259naland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r”.
\nBir sözl\u0259, Q\u0131rx q\u0131z” dastan\u0131n\u0131n Qafqazla ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 heç bir \u015fübh\u0259 oyatm\u0131r. Bunu çoxsayl\u0131 faktlar t\u0259sdiq edir. H\u0259min faktlar is\u0259 L. S. Tolstovadan qabaq B. A. Koloyev, M.Q. Vorobyova, T. A. Jdanko v\u0259 s. kimi t\u0259dqiqatç\u0131lar\u0131n da diqq\u0259tini ç\u0259kmi\u015fdir. Bütün bu faktlar\u0131 d\u0259rind\u0259n t\u0259hlil ed\u0259n L. S. Tolstova bildirir ki, qaraqa\u0131paqlar\u0131n daha q\u0259dim dövrl\u0259r\u0259 aid folklorunda Kap-tau (Qafqaz), Gürcüstan, Da\u011f\u0131stan, Kr\u0131m, X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizi v\u0259 Qara d\u0259nizin adlar\u0131na tez-tez rast g\u0259linirs\u0259, daha sonrak\u0131 dövrl\u0259r\u0259 aid folklor nümun\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 bu toponim v\u0259 oroniml\u0259ri Edil (\u0130til-Volqa), Jay\u0131k (Yay\u0131k – Ural) v\u0259 Türküstan kimi adlar \u0259v\u0259z edir. Bu is\u0259, t\u0259bii ki, qaraqalpaqlar\u0131n Qafqazdan Xor\u0259zm\u0259 miqrasiyas\u0131n\u0131n aral\u0131q m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259sinin folklordak\u0131 \u0259ksind\u0259n ba\u015fqa bir \u015fey deyildir.
\nB\u0259ri ba\u015fdan qeyd ed\u0259k ki, qaraqalpaq türkl\u0259rinin folklorunun, o cüml\u0259d\u0259n \u015f\u0259c\u0259r\u0259 folklorunun öyr\u0259nilm\u0259sind\u0259 uzun müdd\u0259t Xor\u0259zm ekspedisiyas\u0131nda çal\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f S. P. Tolstov v\u0259 T. A. Jdankonun, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 atas\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fini davam etdir\u0259n L. S. Tolstovan\u0131n ölçüy\u0259g\u0259lm\u0259z xidm\u0259tl\u0259ri olmu\u015fdur. Onlardan S. P. Tolstov  qaraqalpaq türkl\u0259rinin haz\u0131rda m\u0259skun oldu\u011fu \u0259razil\u0259ri vaxtil\u0259 bel\u0259 xarakteriz\u0259 etmi\u015fdi: «Aral\u0259traf\u0131 bölg\u0259 \u015fimali Avrasiya çöll\u0259ri il\u0259 Orta Asiyan\u0131n da\u011fl\u0131q ön v\u0259 c\u0259nub regionlar\u0131n\u0131 Hindistan\u0131n v\u0259 C\u0259nubi Avrasiyan\u0131n orta düz\u0259nl\u0259ri il\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n, hind-Avropa elementinin  etnogenez v\u0259 qlotogenezinin ba\u015f verdiyi ön\u0259mli m\u0259kand\u0131r» .<\/p>\n

Eyni bölg\u0259nin ad\u0131na «Manas» dastan\u0131nda da rast g\u0259lirik:
\n…Noqay o\u011flu bu Cak\u0131b Aral üstd\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131b, 
\nYax\u0131n olub Altaya, A\u011fsu adl\u0131 bir çaya. 
\nKüçör adl\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259n Sovqat da g\u0259ldi h\u0259rd\u0259n. 
\nSürüsünün oyla\u011f\u0131- Qara\u015f\u0259h\u0259r yayla\u011f\u0131. <\/p>\n

Qaraqalpaq v\u0259 q\u0131r\u011f\u0131z türkl\u0259rinin çox\u0259srlik etnik formala\u015fma dövrü \u0259rzind\u0259 bu co\u011frafiyadan keç\u0259n q\u0259dim miqrasiya yollar\u0131ndan xeyli qidalanaraq, öz m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tl\u0259rini, o cüml\u0259d\u0259n folklorlar\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259çarpacaq d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 z\u0259nginl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259 bildikl\u0259rini söyl\u0259y\u0259 bil\u0259rik. Bu üzd\u0259n d\u0259 q\u0131pçaq xalqlar\u0131n\u0131n, ilk növb\u0259d\u0259 d\u0259 qaraqalpaqlar\u0131n folklorunun tarixin ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 dövrl\u0259rini \u0259ks etdirdiyini yazan L. S. Tolstovan\u0131n fikrinc\u0259, kök etibaril\u0259 q\u0131pçaq olan, sonrak\u0131 dövrl\u0259rd\u0259 o\u011fuz v\u0259 peçenekl\u0259r\u0259 qaynay\u0131b qar\u0131\u015fan qaraqalpaqlar\u0131n etnik \u015füurunda yad t\u0259sirl\u0259r d\u0259 az rol oynamam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. T. A. Jdanko bu xalq\u0131n etnik kökl\u0259rind\u0259n birinin sak-massagetl\u0259rl\u0259 v\u0259 e.\u0259. Vll-ll \u0259srl\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011funu ehtimal etmi\u015fdir v\u0259 ir\u0259lid\u0259 gör\u0259c\u0259yimiz kimi, o, q\u0259tiyy\u0259n s\u0259hv etm\u0259mi\u015fdir. L. S. Tolstova is\u0259 bir q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259 ir\u0259li ged\u0259r\u0259k, bu kökl\u0259rin daha q\u0259dim \u0259srl\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 Ön Asiya, Qafqaz v\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razil\u0259rin\u0259 uzand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259sbit ed\u0259 bilmi\u015fdir. F\u0259q\u0259t o, bu xalq\u0131 sonradan türkl\u0259\u015fm\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259ruz qalan irandilli xalq saym\u0131\u015f, bu da ondan qaynaqlanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r ki, xan\u0131m Tolstova onlar\u0131n r\u0259vay\u0259tl\u0259rini özb\u0259k-sartlar\u0131n m\u0259n\u015f\u0259yi bar\u0259d\u0259 M\u0259qdisi (X \u0259sr), Yaqub H\u0259m\u0259vi (Xlll \u0259sr) v\u0259 H\u0259mdullah Q\u0259zvininin (Xlll-XlV \u0259srl\u0259r) q\u0259l\u0259m\u0259 ald\u0131qlar\u0131 r\u0259vay\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 qar\u0131\u015f\u0131q salm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bununla bel\u0259, o, “Qaraqalpaqlar\u0131n tarixi folkloru bu xalq\u0131n etnogenezinin v\u0259 etnom\u0259d\u0259ni \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rinin öyr\u0259nilm\u0259sinin \u0259sas m\u0259nb\u0259yi kimi” adl\u0131 çox sanball\u0131 m\u0259qal\u0259sind\u0259 qaraqalpaq xalq\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259n 6 \u0259sas türk boyundan biri olan myütenl\u0259rin bir vaxtlar \u015e\u0259rqi Anadolu \u0259razisind\u0259 (Urmiya gölünd\u0259n q\u0259rbd\u0259) mövcud olmu\u015f Matiena  \u0259razisind\u0259 ya\u015fad\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259sdiq etmi\u015fdir.
\nB\u0259xtiyar Tuncay<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Q\u0131rx \u0259d\u0259di türk mifik sistemind\u0259 çoxluq anlam\u0131na g\u0259lir Az\u0259rbaycanda folklorunda amazon qad\u0131nlarla ba\u011fl\u0131 kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r m\u0259lumatlar var. Yeri g\u0259lmi\u015fk\u0259n qeyd ed\u0259k ki, b\u0259nz\u0259r \u0259fsan\u0259 günümüz\u0259d\u0259k Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n Zaqatala rayonunda da, h\u0259m…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":251278,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37131","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-esas"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37131","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=37131"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37131\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/251278"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=37131"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=37131"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=37131"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}