{"id":36776,"date":"2016-08-29T19:29:01","date_gmt":"2016-08-29T15:29:01","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T20:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/?p=36776","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrk folkloru: Yax\u0131n v\u0259 uzaq tarixim"},"content":{"rendered":"

O\u011fuz epik \u0259n\u0259n\u0259si onlar\u0131n tarixi yurd yerl\u0259rin\u0259, miqrasiya yollar\u0131na ayd\u0131nl\u0131q g\u0259tirir<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Türk folklorunun ayr\u0131lmaz t\u0259rkib hiss\u0259si olan v\u0259 o\u011fuzlar\u0131n tarixi inki\u015faf m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rini özünd\u0259 ard\u0131c\u0131l \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 \u0259ks etdir\u0259n o\u011fuz epik \u0259n\u0259n\u0259si türkl\u0259rin q\u0259dim mifoloji dünya görü\u015fünü \u0259ks etdirdiyi kimi, onlar\u0131n tarixi yurd yerl\u0259rin\u0259, miqrasiya yollar\u0131na v\u0259 ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 dövrl\u0259rd\u0259 q\u0259bul etmi\u015f olduqlar\u0131 f\u0259rqli inanc sisteml\u0259rin\u0259 d\u0259 geni\u015f ölçüd\u0259 ayd\u0131nl\u0131q g\u0259tirm\u0259kd\u0259dir. Bir çox t\u0259dqiqatç\u0131lar türk \u0259d\u0259bi \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rinin yaranma tarixini VI-VIII \u0259srl\u0259rl\u0259, ba\u015fqa sözl\u0259 Göytürk dövl\u0259tinin tarix s\u0259hb\u0259sin\u0259 ç\u0131xd\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 inki\u015faf etdiyi dövrl\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u011flay\u0131rlar. Bu fikird\u0259 olan v\u0259 türk-o\u011fuz epik \u0259n\u0259n\u0259sinin formala\u015fma areal\u0131n\u0131n sözüged\u0259n yaz\u0131lar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu \u0259razil\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u011flayan t\u0259dqiqatç\u0131lar\u0131n fikrinc\u0259, türk \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 bilavasit\u0259 Göytürk dövl\u0259tinin tarix s\u0259hn\u0259sin\u0259 ç\u0131xmas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bel\u0259 hesab edilir ki, q\u0259dim v\u0259 orta \u0259srl\u0259r türk yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 öz kökl\u0259ri etibar\u0131 il\u0259 bilavasit\u0259 türk folkloru il\u0259, xüsus\u0259n d\u0259 q\u0259dim türk epik \u0259n\u0259n\u0259si il\u0259 s\u0131x ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.  Odur ki, q\u0259dim türk \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 ümumilikd\u0259 yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u0259d\u0259niyyat\u0131n öyr\u0259nilm\u0259si zaman\u0131 onun folklorla \u0259laq\u0259sin\u0259, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 yaz\u0131l\u0131 m\u0259tnl\u0259rd\u0259 folklor elementl\u0259tinin \u0259ksi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sin\u0259 xüsusi fikir verilm\u0259lidir. \u015eübh\u0259siz ki, q\u0259dim türk \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n q\u0259dim örn\u0259kl\u0259rinin öyr\u0259nilm\u0259si zaman\u0131 onun folklorla \u0259laq\u0259sin\u0259, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 yaz\u0131l\u0131 m\u0259tnl\u0259rd\u0259 folklor elementl\u0259tinin \u0259ksi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sin\u0259 xüsusi fikir verilm\u0259sinin vacib oldu\u011fu bar\u0259d\u0259 söyl\u0259nil\u0259nl\u0259r do\u011frudur. Lakin \u0259n q\u0259dim türk m\u0259tinl\u0259ri kimi m\u0259hz Göytürk m\u0259tnl\u0259rini gözd\u0259n keçirm\u0259k, türk \u0259d\u0259bi \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rinin yaranma tarixini VI-VIII \u0259srl\u0259rl\u0259, ba\u015fqa sözl\u0259 Göytürk dövl\u0259tinin tarix s\u0259hb\u0259sin\u0259 ç\u0131xd\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 inki\u015faf etdiyi dövrl\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u011flamaq, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 türk-o\u011fuz epik \u0259n\u0259n\u0259sinin formala\u015fma areal\u0131n\u0131n sözüged\u0259n yaz\u0131lar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu \u0259razil\u0259rl\u0259 (Monqolustan, Altay, Sibir) \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259ndirm\u0259k yanl\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bunun bel\u0259 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 son dövrl\u0259rd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycandan, o cünl\u0259d\u0259n Q\u0259rbi Az\u0259rbaycandan tap\u0131lan v\u0259 Göytürk yaz\u0131lar\u0131ndan çox-çox q\u0259dim dövrl\u0259r\u0259 aid olan v\u0259 özünd\u0259 folklor elementl\u0259rini birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n \u0259ski türk yaz\u0131 nümun\u0259l\u0259ri sübut etm\u0259kd\u0259dir .
\nDeyil\u0259nl\u0259r\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n türk-o\u011fuz folklorunun, o cüml\u0259d\u0259n o\u011fuz epik \u0259n\u0259n\u0259sinin ilkin formala\u015fma arealna daxil oldu\u011funu sübut etm\u0259kd\u0259 olan çoxsayl\u0131 faktlar\u0131 da \u0259lav\u0259 etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r. Bu bax\u0131mdan “Alp \u018fr Tonqa” dastan\u0131 deyil\u0259nl\u0259r\u0259 \u0259n göz\u0259l misald\u0131r. Nizami C\u0259f\u0259rov haql\u0131 olaraq yaz\u0131r ki, sözüged\u0259n dastan “\u0259n geci e.\u0259. I minilliyin ortalar\u0131nda formala\u015fm\u0131\u015f olsa da, h\u0259min dastandan türkc\u0259 çox az \u015fey — yaln\u0131z M. Ka\u015fqari "Divan"\u0131nda qeyd\u0259 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f a\u011f\u0131 qalm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Ancaq güman edilir ki, Turan hökmdar\u0131 Alp \u018fr Tonqa (…\u0130ran m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 \u018ffrasiyab) haqq\u0131nda h\u0259m turanl\u0131lar (\u0259slind\u0259 türkl\u0259r), h\u0259m d\u0259 iranl\u0131lar aras\u0131nda xüsusi dastan t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259c\u0259k q\u0259d\u0259r \u0259fsan\u0259l\u0259r, r\u0259vay\u0259tl\u0259r dola\u015fm\u0131\u015f, \u018f. Firdovsi "\u015eahnam\u0259"ni yazark\u0259n \u0130ran m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, türk m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n d\u0259 istifad\u0259 etmi\u015fdir”.
\nT\u0259dqiqatç\u0131lar\u0131n q\u0259na\u0259tin\u0259 gör\u0259, dastanlar q\u0259hr\u0259manl\u0131q dastanlar\u0131 v\u0259 m\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259t dastanlar\u0131 olmaqla iki qrupa ayr\u0131l\u0131r ki, onlardan q\u0259hr\u0259manl\u0131q dastanlar\u0131 nisb\u0259t\u0259n daha q\u0259dim hesab olunur. Folklor\u015fünas aliml\u0259r hesab edirl\u0259r ki, «Az\u0259rbaycan m\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259t dastanlar\u0131 orta \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259 q\u0259hr\u0259manl\u0131q dastanlar\u0131 \u0259sas\u0131nda yaranm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Lakin bu, o dem\u0259k deyildir ki, orta \u0259srl\u0259r\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r xalq\u0131n sevgi hissl\u0259ri dastanla\u015fmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bilirik ki, dastanlar xalq m\u0259n\u0259viyyat\u0131n\u0131n güzgüsüdür. Bu c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n m\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259t mövzusu dastan yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n lap ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131ndan var olmu\u015fdur. Sad\u0259c\u0259 olaraq, orta \u0259srl\u0259r m\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259t dastanlar\u0131 meydana ç\u0131xana q\u0259d\u0259r m\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259t motivl\u0259ri q\u0259hr\u0259manl\u0131q ideal\u0131na tabe olmu\u015f v\u0259 q\u0259hr\u0259manl\u0131q dastanlar\u0131n\u0131n poetikas\u0131nda q\u0259hr\u0259mancas\u0131na elçilik motivi \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 ifad\u0259 olunmu\u015fdur. «Kitabi-D\u0259d\u0259 Qorqud» o\u011fuznam\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259ki sevgi motivl\u0259rini xat\u0131rlayaq. Burada ülvi sevgi ideal\u0131 böyük bir co\u015fqu il\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259nnüm olunur. Lakin bu sevgi motivi m\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259t dastanlar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu kimi dastan poetikas\u0131n\u0131n apar\u0131c\u0131 motivini t\u0259\u015fkil etmir. «Koro\u011flu» dastan\u0131n\u0131n, dem\u0259k olar ki, bütün qollar\u0131 toyla – m\u0259h\u0259bb\u0259tin t\u0259nt\u0259n\u0259si il\u0259 ba\u015fa çat\u0131r. Lakin burada t\u0259svir olunan sevgi bütün hallarda c\u0259ngav\u0259r sevgisi olub, q\u0259hr\u0259manl\u0131q ideal\u0131na tabedir». 
\nM\u0259lum oldu\u011fu kimi, «O\u011fuznam\u0259»l\u0259r tarixi v\u0259 \u0259d\u0259bi «O\u011fuznam\u0259»l\u0259r olmaqla iki qrupa ay\u0131r\u0131rlar. Onlar\u0131n ham\u0131s\u0131 \u0259fsan\u0259vi «\u0259cdad O\u011fuz ka\u011fan\u0131n do\u011fulmas\u0131n\u0131, Gün\u0259\u015f i\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259msil ed\u0259n birinci arvad\u0131, A\u011fac v\u0259 Su ünsürl\u0259rini t\u0259msil ed\u0259n ikinci arvad\u0131 il\u0259 evl\u0259nm\u0259sini, bunlardan Gün, Ay, Ulduz, Göy, Da\u011f, D\u0259niz adl\u0131 alt\u0131 övlad\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fulmas\u0131n\u0131, bu alt\u0131 o\u011fuldan da iyirmi dörd o\u011fuz tayfas\u0131n\u0131n yaranmas\u0131n\u0131 n\u0259ql ed\u0259n kosmoqonik mifl\u0259 ba\u015flan\u0131r. Bu hekay\u0259t, do\u011frudan da, mifdir. Çünki burada O\u011fuzun anas\u0131 Ay ka\u011fand\u0131r. Arvadlar\u0131 Gün\u0259\u015fi, A\u011fac\u0131 v\u0259 Suyu t\u0259msil edirl\u0259r. Alt\u0131 o\u011flu da, öz növb\u0259sind\u0259, t\u0259bi\u0259t ünsürl\u0259rini t\u0259msil edirl\u0259r. Lakin bu hekay\u0259t o\u011fuzlar üçün çox müq\u0259dd\u0259sdir. O\u011fuzlar onlar\u0131, indi bizim ba\u015fa dü\u015fdüyümüz kimi, mif yox, kimd\u0259n v\u0259 nec\u0259 tör\u0259m\u0259l\u0259ri haqq\u0131nda tarixi h\u0259qiq\u0259t kimi q\u0259bul edirdil\u0259r» .
\n“O\u011fuznam\u0259”l\u0259rd\u0259 o\u011fuzlar\u0131n ümumi \u0259fsan\u0259vi \u0259cdad\u0131 v\u0259 q\u0259hr\u0259man\u0131 kimi ç\u0131x\u0131\u015f ed\u0259n O\u011fuzun alt\u0131 o\u011flu (Gün, Ay, Ulduz, Göy, Da\u011f, D\u0259niz) nizaml\u0131 kainat (dünya) yaratmaqla yana\u015f\u0131, 24 o\u011fuz boyuna ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c verir v\u0259 ulu \u0259cdad O\u011fuz xan\u0131n bölgüsün\u0259 \u0259sas\u0259n bozoklar v\u0259 üçoklar ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda böyük türk elinin idar\u0259çil\u0259rin\u0259 çevrilirl\u0259r. Bu halda O\u011fuz xan\u0131n özü h\u0259m d\u0259 bir növ hami ruh qismind\u0259 ç\u0131x\u0131\u015f edir v\u0259 bu cür d\u0259 kultla\u015f\u0131r”.  
\nYeri g\u0259lmi\u015fk\u0259n qeyd ed\u0259k ki, Az\u0259rbaycandan toplanm\u0131\u015f b\u0259nz\u0259r \u0259fsan\u0259 v\u0259 r\u0259vay\u0259tl\u0259rin, dem\u0259k olar ki, ham\u0131s\u0131 bu v\u0259 ya dig\u0259r d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 “O\u011fuznam\u0259”l\u0259rin süjetl\u0259ri il\u0259 s\u0259sl\u0259\u015fm\u0259kd\u0259dir. Onlardan birind\u0259 deyilir: «Çox \u0259zazil, özünd\u0259 dey\u0259n bir pad\u015fah var\u0131m\u0131\u015f. Bütün adamnar b\u0131n\u0131n \u0259linn\u0259n za\u011f-za\u011f \u0259sirmi\u015fd\u0259r. Bir adam\u0131n hün\u0259ri n\u0259ymi\u015f ki, b\u0131nnan icaz\u0259siz c\u0131nq\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ç\u0131xats\u0131n. Ta i\u015fi o yer\u0259 ç\u0131xatm\u0131\u015fd\u0131 ki, özünü allah élan el\u0259mi\u015fdi. Ham\u0131 da qorxudan b\u0131n\u0131 allah say\u0131rd\u0131. 
\n\u018fm\u0259 b\u0131n\u0131n u\u015fa\u011f\u0131 olmurmu\u015f. B\u0131 da fikir eliyirmi\u015f ki, b\u0259 öl\u0259nn\u0259n sora taxt-taja kim sahib olacax?
\nBir gün b\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na bir nurani qoca g\u0259lir. B\u0131na bir alma verip deyir ki, ala b\u0131n\u0131 arvad\u0131nnan ye, bir o\u011flun olacax, \u0259m\u0259 g\u0259r\u0259h o\u011flan n\u0259 des\u0259 \u0259m\u0259l eliy\u0259s\u0259n. 
\nPad\u015fah raz\u0131la\u015f\u0131r, alman\u0131 götürüp arvad\u0131ynan yeyir. B\u0259li, v\u0259d\u0259 yeti\u015fir, b\u0131n\u0131n bir kür\u0259yi\u015fütün o\u011flu olur.  Tez qurban k\u0259sill\u0259r, sora camah\u0259t\u0259 \u0259hfalat\u0131 deyill\u0259r.
\nU\u015fa\u011f\u0131n q\u0131rx\u0131 ç\u0131xannan sora y\u0131\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131llar ki, ona ad qoysullar. El\u0259 bu vaxt u\u015fax dil aç\u0131p deyir ki, b\u0259 m\u0259nim ad\u0131m U\u011fuzdu. Ham\u0131 m\u0259h\u0259tt\u0259l qal\u0131r. \u0130sdiyill\u0259r u\u015fa\u011f\u0131 dan\u0131\u015fd\u0131rs\u0131nlar, \u0259m\u0259 u\u015fax ta dan\u0131\u015fm\u0131r. B\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 U\u011fuz qoyullar.
\nBir xeylah keçir. U\u011fuz on be\u015f ya\u015f\u0131na çat\u0131r.  Bir iyid olur ki, tay\u0131-b\u0259rab\u0259ri tap\u0131lm\u0131r. Günl\u0259rin bir günü U\u011fuz c\u0259m\u0259h\u0259ti ba\u015f\u0131na y\u0131\u011f\u0131p deyir ki, b\u0259 m\u0259nim atam allah deyil, allah göyd\u0259di, özü d\u0259 he\u015f kimin gözün\u0259 görs\u0259mm\u0259z.
\nPad\u015fah b\u0131n\u0131 e\u015fidir. G\u0259lir ki, o\u011flunu öldürsün. U\u011fuz atas\u0131n\u0131 öldürür, özü keçir onun yerin\u0259. Deyir ki, ham\u0131 g\u0259r\u0259h göyd\u0259ki allah\u0131 tan\u0131s\u0131n. B\u0131nnan sora insanlar h\u0259qiqi allah\u0131 tan\u0131y\u0131llar».
\nR\u0259\u015fid\u0259ddin “O\u011fuznam\u0259”sind\u0259 O\u011fuzun soyu da Nuh o\u011flu Yaf\u0259s\u0259 ba\u011flan\u0131r. Eyni hal Az\u0259rbaycandan toplanm\u0131\u015f mifl\u0259rin birind\u0259 d\u0259 aç\u0131q \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 ifad\u0259 edilir. Prof. Füzuli Bayat yaz\u0131r ki, Az\u0259rbaycandan toplanm\u0131\u015f bir  \u0259fsan\u0259d\u0259 diqq\u0259t ç\u0259k\u0259n yön, Qorqudun atas\u0131n\u0131n, Nuh pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259rin o\u011flu Yaf\u0259sin o\u011flu Türk oldu\u011fu qeydinin tap\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Alimin fikrinc\u0259, Qorqudun Nuhun n\u0259v\u0259si olmas\u0131, bu mifoloji tipi \u0259cdad kultu il\u0259 ba\u011flay\u0131r .
\nAz\u0259rbaycanda qurulan ilk türk dövl\u0259ti, onun qurulma tarixi v\u0259 ilk xaqanlar\u0131 haqq\u0131nda d\u0259qiq söz söyl\u0259y\u0259 bilm\u0259k üçün yet\u0259rinc\u0259 yaz\u0131l\u0131 m\u0259lumat vard\u0131r. Lakin t\u0259dqiqatç\u0131lar bu m\u0259lumatlar\u0131 n\u0259d\u0259ns\u0259 gözard\u0131 etmi\u015f v\u0259 ya onlar\u0131 ciddiy\u0259 almam\u0131\u015flar. 
\nB\u0259xtiyar Tuncay<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

O\u011fuz epik \u0259n\u0259n\u0259si onlar\u0131n tarixi yurd yerl\u0259rin\u0259, miqrasiya yollar\u0131na ayd\u0131nl\u0131q g\u0259tirir Türk folklorunun ayr\u0131lmaz t\u0259rkib hiss\u0259si olan v\u0259 o\u011fuzlar\u0131n tarixi inki\u015faf m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rini özünd\u0259 ard\u0131c\u0131l \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 \u0259ks etdir\u0259n o\u011fuz epik \u0259n\u0259n\u0259si…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":251278,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36776","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-esas"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36776","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=36776"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36776\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/251278"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=36776"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=36776"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=36776"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}