{"id":36580,"date":"2016-08-24T19:16:08","date_gmt":"2016-08-24T15:16:08","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T20:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/?p=36580","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrk folkloru: yax\u0131n v\u0259 uzaq tariximiz"},"content":{"rendered":"

Epik növün janrlar\u0131ndan “r\u0259vay\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259sas \u015f\u0259rt tarixilikdir, \u0259n çox da bu tarixilik mü\u0259yy\u0259n gümanlara \u0259saslanmaqla olmu\u015f hadis\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r…<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Tarixin müxt\u0259lif m\u0259qamlar\u0131n\u0131n izl\u0259rin\u0259 folklorun epik növün\u0259 lirik növün\u0259 nisb\u0259t\u0259n daha çox v\u0259 daha tez-tez rast g\u0259lirik. Bu özünü daha çox r\u0259vay\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 göst\u0259rir. A. N\u0259biyev haql\u0131 olaraq yaz\u0131r ki, epik növün janrlar\u0131ndan “r\u0259vay\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259sas \u015f\u0259rt tarixilikdir, \u0259n çox da bu tarixilik mü\u0259yy\u0259n gümanlara \u0259saslanmaqla olmu\u015f hadis\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r…” alim “r\u0259¬vay\u0259tl\u0259ri 3 qrupa bölür: \u0259xlaqi-ibr\u0259tamiz r\u0259vay\u0259t¬l\u0259r, toponimik r\u0259vay\u0259tl\u0259r, dini r\u0259vay\u0259t¬l\u0259r. O, folklor\u015fünasl\u0131qda ilk d\u0259f\u0259 olaraq r\u0259vay\u0259tl\u0259rin t\u0259snifat\u0131n\u0131 verir”. 
\nR\u0259vay\u0259tl\u0259ri etimoloji r\u0259vay\u0259tl\u0259r, izahl\u0131 r\u0259vay\u0259tl\u0259r, real v\u0259 yar\u0131mtarixi \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 r\u0259vay\u0259tl\u0259r ad\u0131 il\u0259 3 qrupa böl\u0259n \u0130. Abbasl\u0131 bi\u0131dirir ki, sonuncu r\u0259vay\u0259tl\u0259r tarixi, yar\u0131m\u0259fsan\u0259vi v\u0259 \u0259fsan\u0259vi \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r v\u0259 onlar\u0131n h\u0259yat\u0131 bar\u0259d\u0259 m\u0259lumatlar\u0131 \u0259ks etdir\u0259n folklorla\u015fm\u0131\u015f süjetl\u0259rd\u0259n ibar\u0259tdir. “Bel\u0259 \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259n Astiaq, Tomris, Teymurl\u0259ng, Nadir \u015fah, Hac\u0131 Ç\u0259l\u0259bi xan, Makedoniyal\u0131 \u0130sk\u0259nd\u0259r, Nuh pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259r, Süleyman pey\u011f\u0259mb\u0259r, O\u011fuz xan haqq\u0131nda söyl\u0259n\u0259n r\u0259vay\u0259tl\u0259r bu bölgüy\u0259 daxil edilir. \u0130.Abbasl\u0131 bel\u0259 r\u0259vay\u0259tl\u0259rin özünü d\u0259 pad\u015fahlar, hökmdarlar, aliml\u0259r, s\u0259n\u0259tçil\u0259r, müq\u0259dd\u0259sl\u0259r, övliyalar, el q\u0259hr\u0259manlar\u0131 v\u0259 ba\u015fqalardan b\u0259hs ed\u0259n kiçik qruplara ay\u0131r\u0131r.T\u0259dqiqatç\u0131n\u0131n özünün d\u0259 qeyd etdiyi kimi, bu bölgü t\u0259xmini bölgüdür. Bu bölgüy\u0259 dini mövzulu r\u0259vay\u0259tl\u0259ri v\u0259 mifoloji r\u0259vay\u0259tl\u0259ri d\u0259 \u0259lav\u0259 etm\u0259k olar”.
\nDini mövzulu r\u0259vay\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 misal kimi Masall\u0131dan toplanan, real h\u0259yatda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan Mir H\u0259s\u0259n a\u011fa il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 r\u0259vay\u0259ti göst\u0259r\u0259 bil\u0259rik. Onlardan birind\u0259 deyilir: «Bizd\u0259 Seyid Sadiq A\u011fa v\u0259 Mir H\u0259s\u0259n A\u011fa var idi. M\u0259n Mir H\u0259s\u0259n A\u011fan\u0131 14-15 ya\u015flar\u0131nda olanda görmü\u015f\u0259m. Simas\u0131 nurlu insan olub. Seyidd\u0259r\u0259 n\u0259zir verirl\u0259r, amma ki, o, n\u0259ziri ham\u0131ya paylay\u0131r. A\u011fa heç vaxt ma\u015f\u0131ndan, minikd\u0259n istifad\u0259 etmiyib. M\u0259n özüm böyükl\u0259rd\u0259n e\u015fitmi\u015f\u0259m bir n\u0259f\u0259r ma\u015f\u0131nda ged\u0259nd\u0259 görür ki, a\u011fa piyada gedir. Deyir ki, g\u0259l otur, deyir, yox. A\u011fa s\u0259nd\u0259n incimir. G\u0259lir görür ki, A\u011fa ondan qaba\u011f bazar\u0131n yan\u0131ndad\u0131».
\nBa\u015fqa bir r\u0259vay\u0259tin m\u0259zmunu is\u0259 bel\u0259dir: «Allah r\u0259hm\u0259t el\u0259sin, bir gün \u015eeyx R\u0259hm\u0259t Axundnan Mir H\u0259s\u0259n A\u011fa (\u015eeyx R\u0259hm\u0259t Axund Çax\u0131rl\u0131dan olub. Mir H\u0259s\u0259n A\u011fa Qizila\u011facli olub) piyada yol gedirmi\u015fl\u0259r, yay\u0131n isti gününd\u0259. Axund deyir, m\u0259n gedirdim, bir d\u0259 gördüm Mir H\u0259s\u0259n A\u011fa harda bel\u0259-bel\u0259 da\u015flar var, (o, \u0259li il\u0259 da\u015f\u0131n ölçüsünü göst\u0259rir) yolun ortas\u0131ndan da\u015flar\u0131 götürür, yolun q\u0131ra\u011flar\u0131na düzür. Dedim: 
\n– A\u011fa, ged\u0259k. 
\nDedi: 
\n– Yox. Gec\u0259 ayaqyal\u0131n adam g\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259yirmana, ged\u0259nd\u0259 aya\u011f\u0131na bu da\u015f ili\u015f\u0259r. Ona gör\u0259 d\u0259 da\u015flar\u0131 götürüb qoyuram k\u0259nara. Axund deyir, m\u0259n savadl\u0131 adam, m\u0259n alim gördüm, ancaq bel\u0259sini görm\u0259dim. A\u011fa bel\u0259 dey\u0259nd\u0259 m\u0259n d\u0259 qo\u015fuldum ona, bu da\u015flardan götürüb k\u0259nara qoyma\u011fa. Getdim, bir d\u0259n\u0259 böyük da\u015f vard\u0131, qald\u0131rma\u011fa gücüm çatmad\u0131. 
\nDeyir: 
\n– Çuxam\u0131 ç\u0131xartd\u0131m qoydum k\u0259nara, da\u015fa güc el\u0259dim, n\u0259hay\u0259t, götürdüm, da\u015f\u0131 apard\u0131m qoydum k\u0259nara. 
\nMir H\u0259s\u0259n a\u011fa da o t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259 da\u015f y\u0131\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. 
\nDedi: 
\n– Axund, Axund. 
\nDedim: – B\u0259li. 
\nDedi: – And olsun oxudu\u011fuva, o da\u015fda m\u0259nim d\u0259 \u0259lim var. 
\nDedim: 
\n– \u018f\u015fi, m\u0259n götürdüm bu da\u015f\u0131, s\u0259nin nec\u0259 \u0259lin ola bil\u0259r? 
\nDedi: 
\n– Yox, m\u0259nim fikrim vard\u0131, bu da\u015f\u0131 götür\u0259nd\u0259n sonra onu götür\u0259c\u0259ydim. Ona gör\u0259 d\u0259 s\u0259n onu qald\u0131ra bildin. Y\u0259ni bizd\u0259 bel\u0259 müq\u0259dd\u0259s insanlar olub».
\n “Deyil\u0259n\u0259 gör\u0259, Mirabbas a\u011fan\u0131n ulu babalar\u0131 olan Hac\u0131 Mir \u018fli v\u0259 Al\u0131 qarda\u015fdar\u0131 C\u0259nubi Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n Qarada\u011f mahal\u0131nnan Z\u0259ngibasar mahal\u0131n\u0131n \u015eorlu k\u0259ndin\u0259 t\u0259z\u0259c\u0259 g\u0259libl\u0259rmi\u015f. K\u0259ndd\u0259 t\u0259k-t\u0259k \u015feytan fikirri adamlar onnar\u0131n seyid olmalar\u0131na \u015fübh\u0259yn\u0259n yana\u015f\u0131rm\u0131\u015flar. Bir d\u0259f\u0259 d\u0259 yaz vaxt\u0131 k\u0259ndin a\u011fsaqqallar\u0131 k\u0259nd m\u0259çidinin h\u0259y\u0259tind\u0259 oturub söhb\u0259t edirmi\u015fl\u0259r. Bu zaman göyd\u0259n bir durna qatar\u0131 keçirmi\u015f. Hac\u0131 Al\u0131n\u0131n seyiddiyin\u0259 \u015f\u0259kk g\u0259tir\u0259nn\u0259rd\u0259n biri orada adamnar\u0131n aras\u0131nda imi\u015f. Özünü Hac\u0131 Al\u0131ya tutub deyir ki, \u0259y\u0259r s\u0259n do\u011furdan seyids\u0259ns\u0259, duva el\u0259, o durnalardan biri s\u0259nin quca\u011f\u0131na dü\u015fsün.
\nKi\u015fi aya\u011fa durub, üzünü qibliy\u0259 çevirir, \u0259ll\u0259rini göy\u0259 qald\u0131rarax duva edir. Az keçm\u0259d\u0259n durna qatar\u0131 oturannar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131 üstünd\u0259 dövr\u0259 vurur, durnalar\u0131n ba\u015fç\u0131s\u0131 qatardan ayr\u0131l\u0131b a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 enir v\u0259 Hac\u0131 Al\u0131n\u0131n quca\u011f\u0131na dü\u015für. Ki\u015fi \u0259lini durnan\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na ç\u0259kib deyir: "Ey Allah\u0131n göz\u0259l qu\u015fu, uç get!“ Qu\u015f uçar-u\u015fmaz orada olan adamnar Hac\u0131 Al\u0131n\u0131n üstün\u0259 cumub, \u0259bas\u0131n\u0131 parça-parça ed\u0259r\u0259h töhf\u0259 kimi payla\u015f\u0131llar. O vaxdan ham\u0131 onnar\u0131 \u0259sil ocax seyid kimi q\u0259bul edir”.
\nEyni bölg\u0259d\u0259n toplanan “A\u011fd\u0259d\u0259 pirind\u0259” adl\u0131 r\u0259vay\u0259t d\u0259 bu q\u0259bild\u0259ndir:
\n“M\u0259mm\u0259d add\u0131 bir n\u0259f\u0259r Bak\u0131da t\u0259hsil al\u0131rm\u0131\u015f. Bu adam Bak\u0131da \u0130ç\u0259ri\u015f\u0259h\u0259rd\u0259 Mir Möhsün a\u011fa ya\u015f\u0131yan evin qon\u015fulu\u011funda qal\u0131rm\u0131\u015f. Bir d\u0259f\u0259 t\u0259tild\u0259n Bak\u0131ya qay\u0131danda ona n\u0259zir pul verill\u0259r ki, bunu Mir Möhsün a\u011fan\u0131n oca\u011f\u0131na çatd\u0131r. O is\u0259 cavann\u0131\u011f\u0131na sal\u0131b pulu x\u0259\u015fdiyir. Az sora bu t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259 a\u011f\u0131r x\u0259sd\u0259l\u0259nir, ayaxlar\u0131 v\u0259 dili tutulur. K\u0259ndd\u0259 ata-anas\u0131 x\u0259b\u0259r tutur, tökülüb g\u0259lill\u0259r v\u0259 gedill\u0259r Mir Möhsün a\u011fan\u0131n yan\u0131na k\u0131, A\u011fa, u\u015fax bir q\u0259l\u0259tdi eliyib, ke\u015f bunun günah\u0131nnan. Mir Möhsün a\u011fa deyir ki, onun \u0259lac\u0131 m\u0259nd\u0259 deyil, sizd\u0259 bir A\u011fad\u0259d\u0259 piri var, gedin ora, qoy A\u011fad\u0259d\u0259ni ziyar\u0259t el\u0259sin.
\nValideynn\u0259ri u\u015fa\u011f\u0131 götürüb g\u0259tirill\u0259r Z\u0259ngibasara A\u011fad\u0259d\u0259 pirin\u0259. U\u015fa\u011f\u0131 sal\u0131llar pir\u0259, bir sahat sora u\u015fax durub öz aya\u011f\u0131ynan ç\u0131x\u0131b gedir, el\u0259 oradaca dili d\u0259 aç\u0131l\u0131r”.
\nDövrümüz\u0259d\u0259k \u015fifahi qaynaqlarda yeti\u015f\u0259n r\u0259vay\u0259tl\u0259r, xüsus\u0259n d\u0259  real v\u0259 yar\u0131mtarixi \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 r\u0259vay\u0259tl\u0259r çox da uzaq olmayan zamanlarda ba\u015f vermi\u015f gerç\u0259k hadis\u0259l\u0259ri \u0259ks etdirir. Onlarda b\u0259z\u0259n hadis\u0259nin ba\u015f verdiyi d\u0259qiq tarix d\u0259 qeyd olunur. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Göyç\u0259d\u0259n toplanm\u0131\u015f r\u0259vay\u0259tl\u0259rin birind\u0259 deyilir: “Yax\u015f\u0131 yad\u0131mdad\u0131. K\u0259nd\u0259 bird\u0259n-bir\u0259 x\u0259v\u0259r yay\u0131ld\u0131 k\u0131, qon\u015fumuzun Ceyran adl\u0131 q\u0131z\u0131 ax\u015famüstü yer\u0259 qaynar su töküf d\u0259li oluf. Ham\u0131 ora ax\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130st\u0259r-ist\u0259m\u0259z u\u015fax mara\u011fmnan il\u0259 m\u0259n d\u0259 getdim. Adam \u0259lind\u0259n baxma\u011fa yer yoxuydu. Böyük olan yerd\u0259 u\u015faxlar\u0131n n\u0259 i\u015fi var\u0131yd\u0131. Bu hadis\u0259 1956-1957-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 ba\u015f vermi\u015fdi…”.
\nM. C\u0259f\u0259rli bildirir ki, “R\u0259vay\u0259tl\u0259r daha çox tarixd\u0259 ba\u015f vermi\u015f v\u0259 ya ba\u015f verm\u0259si güman edil\u0259n hadis\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 tarixd\u0259 olan v\u0259 ya olmas\u0131 güman edil\u0259n \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r haqq\u0131nda olan informasiyalar \u0259sas\u0131nda formala\u015f\u0131r”. 
\nR. \u018fliyev yaz\u0131r ki,  “R\u0259vay\u0259tin m\u0259zmunu t\u0259hkiy\u0259çinin üslubundan da as\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. R\u0259vay\u0259t söyl\u0259y\u0259n b\u0259z\u0259n ona \u0259lav\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259 edir ki, bu da m\u0259zmunun geni\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259sin\u0259 xidm\u0259t edir. \u018ffsan\u0259 kimi r\u0259vay\u0259tl\u0259r d\u0259 müxt\u0259lif \u0259razil\u0259r\u0259 yay\u0131la bilir, bu, \u0259halinin miqrasiyas\u0131ndan as\u0131d\u0131r. Yax\u0131n miqrasiyalar zaman\u0131 r\u0259vay\u0259tin m\u0259zmunu o q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fikliy\u0259 m\u0259ruz qalm\u0131r, miqrasiyan\u0131n sah\u0259si böyüy\u0259nd\u0259 r\u0259vay\u0259t ciddi d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r\u0259 m\u0259ruz qal\u0131r”. Alimin sözl\u0259rin\u0259 gör\u0259,  “R\u0259vay\u0259tin bir xüsusiyy\u0259ti onlar\u0131n tarixi fakta \u0259saslanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Tarixi hadis\u0259l\u0259r xalq\u0131n yadda\u015f\u0131nda mövk\u0259m kök sald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan onu uzun zaman unutmur, t\u0259hkiy\u0259 zaman\u0131 mü\u0259yy\u0259n faktlar\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131b v\u0259 ya azald\u0131b auditoriyaya çatd\u0131r\u0131r. Bu proses zaman hüdudundan as\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. \u018fg\u0259r zaman müdd\u0259ti epos dü\u015fünc\u0259sind\u0259 öz funksiyas\u0131n\u0131 itirmi\u015fs\u0259, real \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 qoruyub saxlaya bilm\u0259mi\u015fs\u0259, söyl\u0259nil\u0259n hadis\u0259 tarixi r\u0259vay\u0259t tipin\u0259 çevrilir”\/
\nB\u0259xtiyar Tuncay<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Epik növün janrlar\u0131ndan “r\u0259vay\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259sas \u015f\u0259rt tarixilikdir, \u0259n çox da bu tarixilik mü\u0259yy\u0259n gümanlara \u0259saslanmaqla olmu\u015f hadis\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r… Tarixin müxt\u0259lif m\u0259qamlar\u0131n\u0131n izl\u0259rin\u0259 folklorun epik növün\u0259 lirik növün\u0259 nisb\u0259t\u0259n daha çox…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":251278,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36580","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-esas"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36580","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=36580"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36580\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/251278"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=36580"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=36580"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=36580"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}