{"id":36435,"date":"2016-08-19T19:14:13","date_gmt":"2016-08-19T15:14:13","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T20:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/?p=36435","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrk folkloru: yax\u0131n v\u0259 uzaq tariximiz"},"content":{"rendered":"

Herodotun Astiaq v\u0259 Tomiris haqq\u0131nda yazd\u0131qlar\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan \u015fifahi xalq \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n nümun\u0259l\u0259ridir<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Tarix v\u0259 folklorun, daha d\u0259qiq des\u0259k, r\u0259vay\u0259t v\u0259 \u0259fsan\u0259l\u0259rin çu\u011fla\u015fmas\u0131n «tarixin atas\u0131» adland\u0131r\u0131lan Herodotun tarix kitab\u0131nda da rast g\u0259lirik. Onun 9 kitabdan ibar\u0259t "Tarix" \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 Yunan-\u0130ran müharib\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n, habel\u0259 q\u0259dim dünyan\u0131n bir s\u0131ra dövl\u0259tl\u0259rinin, o cüml\u0259d\u0259n \u015e\u0259rq ölk\u0259l\u0259rinin tarixind\u0259n, co\u011frafi mövqeyind\u0259n, yerli xalqlar\u0131ndan, onlar\u0131n ad\u0259t-\u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n \u0259trafl\u0131 b\u0259hs olunur. \u018fs\u0259r Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n q\u0259dim tarixini v\u0259 folklorunu öyr\u0259nm\u0259k bax\u0131m\u0131ndan da qiym\u0259tli m\u0259x\u0259zdir. Midiya tarixi, habel\u0259 iskitl\u0259r (skifl\u0259r), Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisind\u0259 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f q\u0259dim q\u0259bil\u0259 v\u0259 tayfalar haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumatlar son d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259y\u0259rli elmi \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t malikdir. «Herodotun "Tarix"ini açan h\u0259r k\u0259s birinci kitab\u0131n ilk s\u0259trind\u0259 iki ad görür: "Halikarnasl\u0131 Herodot…" Sonra bütün "Tarix" boyu gah uzaq keçmi\u015fin o vaxta q\u0259d\u0259r qalan abid\u0259l\u0259rini öyr\u0259n\u0259n, keçmi\u015fl\u0259r haqq\u0131nda birinci, ikinci, h\u0259tta üçüncü dild\u0259n olaylar, \u0259satir, \u0259fsan\u0259, r\u0259vay\u0259t, dastan v\u0259 müdrik sözl\u0259r e\u015fid\u0259n; gah da zamana hadis\u0259l\u0259rinin i\u015ftirakç\u0131lar\u0131 il\u0259 görü\u015f\u0259r\u0259k onlar\u0131n fikrini v\u0259 xatir\u0259sini dinl\u0259y\u0259n mü\u0259llifin h\u0259r \u015fey\u0259 aç\u0131q-a\u015fkar, birba\u015fl\u0131, q\u0259r\u0259zsiz v\u0259 \u0259dal\u0259tli r\u0259yini sanki "e\u015fidirik". \u0130lk s\u0259tird\u0259 ni\u015fan veril\u0259n mü\u0259llifin v\u0259 onun do\u011fuldu\u011fu \u015f\u0259h\u0259rin ad\u0131na qalanda bu, o vaxt\u0131n d\u0259bind\u0259n g\u0259lir». 
\nMaraql\u0131d\u0131r ki, Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u015fünaslar\u0131 Herodotun Astiaq v\u0259 Tomiris haqq\u0131nda yazd\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131n Az\u0259rbaycan \u015fifahi xalq \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n nümun\u0259l\u0259ri kimi gözd\u0259n keçirirl\u0259r. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n Y. Babayev yaz\u0131r ki, «Midiya v\u0259 Albaniyada z\u0259ngin bir \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 onun biz\u0259 g\u0259lib çatan … «Tomris» v\u0259 «Astiaq» \u0259fsan\u0259l\u0259ri, Cavan\u015firin ölümün\u0259 Davda\u011f\u0131n yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259rsiy\u0259 v\u0259 s. kimi az sayl\u0131 nümun\u0259l\u0259ri d\u0259 t\u0259sdiq edir». 
\nFolklor\u015fünas Vaqif V\u0259liyev d\u0259 onlar\u0131 m\u0259hz \u0259fsan\u0259 kimi gözd\u0259n keçir\u0259r\u0259k, “Astiaq” \u0259fsan\u0259sinin “Tomris” \u0259fsan\u0259si il\u0259 müqayis\u0259li t\u0259hlilini vermi\u015fdir. S. Zülfüqarl\u0131 da Astiaqla ba\u011fl\u0131 süjeti \u0259fsan\u0259 kimi d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndir\u0259r\u0259k onu «Az\u0259rbaycan dili» d\u0259rsliyin\u0259 daxil etmi\u015fdir.
\nR. Qafarl\u0131 is\u0259 h\u0259r iki süjeti r\u0259vay\u0259t kimi d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndir\u0259r\u0259k yaz\u0131r: «\u0130lk «Tarix» (Herodot) kitab\u0131na dü\u015f\u0259n «Astiaq» v\u0259 «Tomris» r\u0259vay\u0259tl\u0259ri il\u0259 bir s\u0131ra mif sisteml\u0259rinin (xüsusil\u0259 tale mifi) ömrü uzad\u0131l\u0131r. Roma mifologiyas\u0131nda ilkin dövl\u0259tçilik görü\u015fl\u0259ri \u0259ks olunur ki, bunu m\u0259d\u0259ni h\u0259yat\u0131n ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131 hesab edirl\u0259r. Romul v\u0259 Rem Roman\u0131 dü\u015fm\u0259n hücumlar\u0131ndan v\u0259 daxili x\u0259yan\u0259tkarlardan qorumaq üçün xüsusi icra mexanizmi olan yeni birlik yarad\u0131rlar. Astiaq\u0131n ulu babas\u0131 Deiyokun Midiya dövl\u0259ti qurmas\u0131 haqq\u0131nda Herodotun verdiyi m\u0259lumatlar göst\u0259rir ki, Az\u0259rbaycan mifoloji t\u0259s\u0259vvüründ\u0259 dövl\u0259tin daha mük\u0259mm\u0259l modeli qurulmu\u015fdur».
\n“Tomris” v\u0259 “Astiaq” \u0259fsan\u0259l\u0259ri ayr\u0131ca mövzu kimi «Erk\u0259n orta \u0259srl\u0259r Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131», «VII-X yüzillikl\u0259rd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131», «X\u0259tib T\u0259brizi Az\u0259rbaycanda \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u015fünasl\u0131\u011f\u0131n banisi kimi», «XII yüzillikd\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131: Xaqani, M\u0259hs\u0259ti v\u0259 b.», «Nizami G\u0259nc\u0259vi, yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131», «Nizami v\u0259 xalq qaynaqlar\u0131» kimi mövzularla yana\u015f\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan Universitetinin Az\u0259rbaycan filologiyas\u0131 v\u0259 jurnalistika kafedras\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n t\u0259dris plan\u0131na daxil edilmi\u015fdir.
\nMaraql\u0131d\u0131r ki, Az\u0259rbaycan tarixçil\u0259ri h\u0259m Astiaq\u0131n, h\u0259m d\u0259 Tomirisin real tarixi \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259r oldu\u011funu t\u0259sbit etmi\u015f v\u0259 onlar\u0131n adlar\u0131n\u0131 «Az\u0259rbaycan kitablar\u0131n»da \u0259b\u0259dil\u0259\u015fdirmi\u015fl\u0259r. Burada R. Qafarovun a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 fikri il\u0259 raz\u0131la\u015fmamaq mümkün deyildir: «Aristotel Herodotu tarixçi deyil, mifoloq kimi t\u0259qdim edirdi. Q\u0259dim yunanlar\u0131n q\u0259na\u0259tind\u0259 mif dünya tarixinin ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 özünd\u0259 \u0259ks etdir\u0259n \u0259n dol\u011fun m\u0259nb\u0259 say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Bu gün\u0259d\u0259k tarixçil\u0259r Troya müharib\u0259si haqq\u0131nda h\u0259qiq\u0259tl\u0259ri öyr\u0259nm\u0259k üçün antik mifl\u0259r\u0259 (yegan\u0259 möt\u0259b\u0259r m\u0259nb\u0259 kimi) müraci\u0259t edirl\u0259r. Sonralar d\u0259nizin d\u0259rinlikl\u0259rind\u0259 apar\u0131lan arxeoloji axtar\u0131\u015flar\u0131n n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 mifl\u0259rd\u0259 göst\u0259ril\u0259n \u015f\u0259h\u0259r, saray v\u0259 qalalar\u0131n qal\u0131qlar\u0131 üz\u0259 ç\u0131xd\u0131, mifoloji t\u0259svirl\u0259rin çoxunun gerç\u0259kliyi t\u0259sdiql\u0259ndi».
\nF. Bayat yaz\u0131r ki, «\u015fifahi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 ya\u015fayan tarix bilgisi h\u0259m Herodotun tarixi yazmas\u0131nda, h\u0259m Cin salnam\u0259l\u0259rinin türkl\u0259r v\u0259 ümumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, \u015fimal qon\u015fular\u0131 haqq\u0131nda verdikl\u0259ri tarixi m\u0259lumatlarda on\u0259mli rol oynam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Bundan ba\u015fqa kils\u0259
\ntarixl\u0259ri, \u0130slam böyukl\u0259ri haqq\u0131ndak\u0131 m\u0259lumatlar da sözlü tarix\u0259 dayan\u0131r». Alimin fikrinc\u0259, «sözlü tarixin yaz\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ön\u0259mli v\u0259 vacib ed\u0259n bir mühim m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 zamanla iqtidarlar\u0131n keçmi\u015fi oz xeyirl\u0259rin\u0259, siyasi h\u0259d\u0259fl\u0259rin\u0259 uy\u011fun formada t\u0259qdim etm\u0259l\u0259ridir. Bu halda tarixçil\u0259r m\u0259lumat v\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259ri, iqtidar\u0131 m\u0259rk\u0259z\u0259 alan, onun tarixini izah ed\u0259c\u0259k \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259 bilirl\u0259r. Siyasi iqtidarlar bununla da kifay\u0259tl\u0259nm\u0259yib asayi\u015f qay\u011f\u0131s\u0131yla tarixi hadis\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 buna ba\u011fl\u0131 s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259ri oz mühakim\u0259l\u0259rini d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259r mahiyy\u0259td\u0259 t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259 bilirl\u0259r. Tarixin bu t\u0259rz qeyd\u0259 keçirildiyi mühitl\u0259rd\u0259 sözlü tarixin üz\u0259rin\u0259 böyük v\u0259zif\u0259l\u0259r du\u015fur.
\nAliml\u0259r \u0259n q\u0259dim zamanlardan yaz\u0131ya q\u0259d\u0259rki dövrü mifik t\u0259f\u0259kkür dövrü adland\u0131r\u0131r v\u0259 hesab edirl\u0259r ki, yaz\u0131ya keçidd\u0259n sonra mifik t\u0259f\u0259kkürl\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259r onun bazas\u0131nda dini v\u0259 elmi t\u0259f\u0259kkür formalar\u0131 da meydana c\u0131x\u0131b. «Mifik t\u0259f\u0259kkür formalar\u0131 dini t\u0259f\u0259kkürün \u0259sas bazas\u0131 olaraq qal\u0131r. \u018fn obyektiv t\u0259f\u0259kkür olan elmi t\u0259f\u0259kkür n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r hakim mövqe tutub c\u0259miyy\u0259ti \u0259hat\u0259 etm\u0259y\u0259 çal\u0131\u015fsa da, mifik t\u0259f\u0259kkür hakim ideologiya kimi fasil\u0259siz c\u0259miyy\u0259td\u0259, çoxlu\u011fun t\u0259f\u0259kküründ\u0259 apar\u0131c\u0131 mövqed\u0259 olur, çoxlu\u011fun özünün yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 folklor \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 v\u0259 avantürist siyas\u0259tçil\u0259rin uydurdu\u011fu mövhumi ideyalarla onun \u015füurunun v\u0259 h\u0259yat t\u0259rzinin yarad\u0131c\u0131 m\u0259nb\u0259yi olaraq qal\u0131r. Odur ki, folklor \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131 h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 tarix elminin \u0259sas m\u0259nb\u0259yi olaraq qal\u0131r. Bel\u0259 ki, folklor milli t\u0259f\u0259kkür tarixinin laylar düzümünü d\u0259 \u0259ks etdirm\u0259kl\u0259 inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131 kompleks özund\u0259 \u0259ks etdirir. Ümumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, tarix elmi h\u0259r-hans\u0131 dövrd\u0259n b\u0259hs edir-etsin, h\u0259min dövrün folklorunda \u0259ks olunan m\u0259n\u0259vi d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ri v\u0259 t\u0259f\u0259kkür formalar\u0131n\u0131 obyektiv qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259d\u0259n h\u0259min dövrün m\u0259n\u0259vi durumunu obyektiv d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259ndir\u0259 bilm\u0259z. Tarix elminin bu v\u0259zif\u0259si haqq\u0131nda dünya tarix\u015funasl\u0131\u011f\u0131, o cüml\u0259d\u0259n ictimai elml\u0259rd\u0259 yet\u0259rinc\u0259 elmi-n\u0259z\u0259ri fikir söyl\u0259nmi\u015f, XIX-XX \u0259sr Avropa tarix\u015fünasl\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259hz bu n\u0259z\u0259ri müdd\u0259a \u0259sas\u0131nda i\u015fl\u0259mi\u015f v\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259kd\u0259dir». Bütün bu faktlar\u0131 inc\u0259l\u0259y\u0259n A. Ha\u015fimi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 q\u0259na\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 g\u0259lmi\u015fdir: «Birincisi, folklor abid\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n, xüsusil\u0259 q\u0259hr\u0259manl\u0131q dastanlar\u0131ndan real tarixin öyr\u0259nilm\u0259si zaman\u0131 istifad\u0259 mümkündür v\u0259 laz\u0131md\u0131r. Çünki ilkin mifl\u0259r, mifoloji eposlar el\u0259 q\u0259dim dövrl\u0259rd\u0259 tarix elminin indi oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 rolu oynay\u0131rd\u0131. Y\u0259ni bu mifl\u0259r, dastanlar o\u011fuzlar üçün tarix say\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. 
\n\u0130kincisi, folklor abid\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n tarixi qaynaq kimi istifad\u0259 ed\u0259rk\u0259n folklordak\u0131 tarixin b\u0259dii obraz olmas\u0131 heç vaxt n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n qaç\u0131r\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eübh\u0259siz ki, bu obraz öz qayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tarixi hadis\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n alm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Lakin h\u0259min obraz t\u0259kc\u0259 bir-bir tarixi hadis\u0259ni, yaxud konkret tarixi \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259ti t\u0259msil etmir. Y\u0259ni folklor obrazlar\u0131n\u0131n tarixl\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259si aras\u0131k\u0259silm\u0259z prosesdir. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Koro\u011flu obraz\u0131 öz dövrünün q\u0259hr\u0259manl\u0131qlar\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu kimi, q\u0259dim o\u011fuz ça\u011f\u0131n\u0131n da q\u0259hr\u0259manl\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 \u0259ks etdirir. Bu, o dem\u0259kdir ki, Koro\u011flu obraz\u0131n\u0131n \u0259cdad\u0131 mifik O\u011fuz ka\u011fan obraz\u0131d\u0131r. \u018fslind\u0259, O\u011fuz ka\u011fan obraz\u0131 Koro\u011flu obraz\u0131na transformasiya olunmu\u015fdur. Bu, epik-b\u0259dii transformasiyad\u0131r v\u0259 tarixçi bunu hökm\u0259n n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 almal\u0131d\u0131r.
\nÜçüncüsü, folklor m\u0259tnl\u0259rind\u0259n istifad\u0259 ed\u0259n tarixçil\u0259r folklor poetikas\u0131n\u0131n qanunauy\u011funluqlar\u0131na b\u0259l\u0259d olmal\u0131, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 folklor obrazlar\u0131n\u0131n tarixi kökl\u0259rind\u0259n dan\u0131\u015fmaq ist\u0259y\u0259n folklor\u015fünaslar tarixi pe\u015f\u0259kar s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 bilm\u0259lidirl\u0259r»<\/p>\n

B\u0259xtiyar Tuncay<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Herodotun Astiaq v\u0259 Tomiris haqq\u0131nda yazd\u0131qlar\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan \u015fifahi xalq \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n nümun\u0259l\u0259ridir Tarix v\u0259 folklorun, daha d\u0259qiq des\u0259k, r\u0259vay\u0259t v\u0259 \u0259fsan\u0259l\u0259rin çu\u011fla\u015fmas\u0131n «tarixin atas\u0131» adland\u0131r\u0131lan Herodotun tarix kitab\u0131nda da rast g\u0259lirik.…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":251278,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36435","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-esas"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36435","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=36435"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36435\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/251278"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=36435"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=36435"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=36435"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}