{"id":36228,"date":"2016-08-12T19:35:28","date_gmt":"2016-08-12T15:35:28","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T20:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/?p=36228","title":{"rendered":"A\u011fa M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d \u015fah Qacar\u0131n \u0259sas m\u0259qs\u0259di Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131 yenid\u0259n birl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k idi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Az\u0259rbaycan dövl\u0259tl\u0259rinin qurulu\u015funda qacarlar\u0131n misilsiz xidm\u0259tl\u0259ri var<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

 
\nErk\u0259n orta \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq art\u0131q qacarlar Az\u0259rbaycan tarixind\u0259 çox mühüm izl\u0259r qoyublar. Bu izl\u0259ri silm\u0259k mümkün olmay\u0131b. Y\u0259ni, \u0259g\u0259r hunlar dövründ\u0259 bunlar “a\u011faç\u0259ri” adlan\u0131rsa, X\u0259z\u0259r xaqanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259rkibind\u0259 oldu\u011fu dövrd\u0259 Bizans m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 “akkaçir”, h\u0259tta “akkazur” formas\u0131nda i\u015fl\u0259nir. Az\u0259rbaycan dövl\u0259tl\u0259rinin qurulu\u015funda qacarlar\u0131n misilsiz xidm\u0259tl\u0259ri var. “O\u011fuznam\u0259”l\u0259rd\u0259 veril\u0259n m\u0259lumata gör\u0259, qacarlar bir ucu Diyarb\u0259kir, o biri ucu is\u0259 indiki Astrabada, \u015fimalda is\u0259 h\u0259tta D\u0259rb\u0259nd\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r uzanan \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 ya\u015fay\u0131rd\u0131lar. Art\u0131q H\u0259s\u0259n pad\u015fah Bayandurlunun dövründ\u0259 n\u0259d\u0259ns\u0259 qacarlar\u0131 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n m\u0259rk\u0259zin\u0259 do\u011fru y\u0131\u011fma\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131lar.  
\nQacarlar S\u0259f\u0259vi dövl\u0259tinin qurulmas\u0131nda yax\u0131ndan i\u015ftirak ed\u0259n 8 türk tayfas\u0131ndan \u0259n böyükl\u0259rind\u0259n biri idi. Bunlar\u0131 BDU-nun Arxeologiya v\u0259 etnoqrafiya kafedras\u0131n\u0131n dosenti K\u0259r\u0259m M\u0259mm\u0259dli deyib. Onun sözl\u0259rin\u0259 gör\u0259, S\u0259f\u0259vi qo\u015fununun böyük bir hiss\u0259si qacarlardan t\u0259\u015fkil olunurdu. "Qacarlara veril\u0259n \u0259n kiçik titul b\u0259yl\u0259rb\u0259ylik idi. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, 1551-ci ild\u0259 \u015e\u0259ki tamamil\u0259 S\u0259f\u0259vil\u0259r\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fdiril\u0259nd\u0259n sonra Toy\u011fun b\u0259y Qacar ora hakim t\u0259yin edilir. \u015eirvan birl\u0259\u015fdiril\u0259nd\u0259n sonra \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 \u018fliqulu xan, daha sonra Peyk\u0259r xan Qacar ora vali t\u0259yin edilir, G\u0259nc\u0259y\u0259 \u015eahverdi xan Qacar ba\u015fç\u0131 t\u0259yin edilir.  Bu is\u0259 onu göst\u0259rir ki, qacarlar S\u0259f\u0259vi dövl\u0259tind\u0259 d\u0259 çox mühüm rol oynayan \u0259sas tayfalardan biri idi, onlara tam \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 etibar edilirdi. Eyni sözü Nadir \u015fah dövrü bar\u0259d\u0259 d\u0259 dem\u0259k olar. \u0130st\u0259r Nadir \u015fah dövl\u0259tinin qurulmas\u0131nda, ist\u0259r \u0259fqanlar\u0131n, ist\u0259r ruslar\u0131n, ist\u0259r osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n Az\u0259rbaycandan qovulmas\u0131nda t\u0259bii ki, Qacar tayfas\u0131n\u0131n böyük rolu olub. Nadir \u015fah\u0131n ölümünd\u0259n sonra qarda\u015f\u0131 Adil \u015fah\u0131n qacarlarla münasib\u0259ti \u0259vv\u0259lc\u0259 yax\u015f\u0131 idis\u0259, sonradan pisl\u0259\u015fm\u0259y\u0259 do\u011fru getdi",- tarixçi deyib.
\nBu tayfan\u0131n \u0259n böyük \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n biri A\u011fa M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d \u015fah Qacard\u0131r. M\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259r onun do\u011fum tarixi il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 müxt\u0259lif dövrl\u0259ri qeyd edirl\u0259r. B\u0259zi m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 gör\u0259, 1741-ci il noyabr\u0131n 8-d\u0259, dig\u0259r m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 gör\u0259 is\u0259 1742-ci ilin iyun ay\u0131nda do\u011fulub. M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d xan Qacar\u0131n formala\u015fmas\u0131nda onun anas\u0131 Ceyran xan\u0131m\u0131n çox böyük xidm\u0259ti olub. Qacarlar\u0131n D\u0259v\u0259li boyundan olan Ceyran xan\u0131m h\u0259dd\u0259n art\u0131q göz\u0259l xan\u0131m olub, onu q\u0259nirsiz göz\u0259l dey\u0259 t\u0259svir edirl\u0259r. Eyni zamanda, dövrünün \u0259n savadl\u0131 qad\u0131nlar\u0131ndan biri olub. Tarixçi K\u0259r\u0259m M\u0259mm\u0259dli bildirir ki, A\u011fa M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d xanla ba\u011fl\u0131 m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 dola\u015f\u0131ql\u0131q var, xüsusil\u0259 onun ba\u015f\u0131na g\u0259tiril\u0259n faci\u0259 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131. Tarixçi deyir: "Onun u\u015faql\u0131\u011f\u0131 el\u0259 bir dövr\u0259 t\u0259sadüf edir ki, 1747-ci ild\u0259 Nadir \u015fah öldürül\u0259rk\u0259n A\u011fa M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d azya\u015fl\u0131 u\u015faq idi.  B\u0259zi m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rin verdiyi m\u0259lumata gör\u0259, Nadir \u015fahdan sonra hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259n Adil \u015fah\u0131n atas\u0131 M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259dh\u0259s\u0259n xan Qacarla \u0259laq\u0259 qurmu\u015fdu, ona h\u0259dd\u0259n art\u0131q etibar etmi\u015fdi. Lakin sonradan n\u0259d\u0259ns\u0259 aralar\u0131nda soyuqluq yaran\u0131r. Buna gör\u0259 d\u0259 b\u0259zi m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 gör\u0259, guya Adil \u015eah 6 ya\u015fl\u0131 A\u011fa M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d xan\u0131 axtalatd\u0131r\u0131r. Lakin bu h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259 uy\u011fun g\u0259lmir. Çünki pislik ed\u0259c\u0259yin adama v\u0259zif\u0259 verm\u0259k sa\u011flam m\u0259ntiq\u0259 uy\u011fun bir \u015fey deyil. Bu dövr ona gör\u0259 qar\u0131\u015f\u0131q dövr hesab olunur ki, Nadirin qurdu\u011fu imperiya – Anadoludan ba\u015flay\u0131b Dehliy\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r uzanan imperatorluq parçalanark\u0259n, üst\u0259lik, onun t\u0259rkibind\u0259 olan, h\u0259m d\u0259 dövl\u0259tin metropoliyas\u0131 olan Az\u0259rbaycan 17 yer\u0259 parçalanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131sa, bütün imperiya \u0259razisind\u0259 nec\u0259 h\u0259rc-m\u0259rclik yarana bil\u0259rdi?".  
\nT\u0259bii ki, A\u011fa M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d \u015fah Qacar\u0131n f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti haqda dan\u0131\u015fmal\u0131y\u0131q.  Tarixçi deyir: "Dediyimiz kimi, onun atas\u0131 M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259dh\u0259s\u0259n xan Qacar \u0130raqi-\u018fc\u0259m hakimi idi. \u0130raqi-\u018fc\u0259m dedikd\u0259 indiki \u0130ran \u0130slam Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizind\u0259n \u015f\u0259rq\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259f olan hiss\u0259si n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulur. A\u011fa M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259dh\u0259s\u0259n \u015fah Qacar Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131 birl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259y\u0259 çal\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. O, \u015eiraz, Qaraba\u011f xanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na yürü\u015fl\u0259r edib. Lakin t\u0259\u0259ssüf ki, o, bu yürü\u015fl\u0259rd\u0259 u\u011fur qazana bilm\u0259di. Onun i\u015fini o\u011flu A\u011fa M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d xan davam etdirdi. 1759-cu ild\u0259 M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259dh\u0259s\u0259n xan Qacar öldürüldükd\u0259n sonra onun o\u011flu A\u011fa M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d xan f\u0259aliyy\u0259t\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131. Onun ilk f\u0259aliyy\u0259ti hakimiyy\u0259ti q\u0259sb etmi\u015f K\u0259rim xan Z\u0259nd\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 mübariz\u0259 olur. 1759-cu ild\u0259n 1761-ci il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r A\u011fa M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d xan K\u0259rim xan Z\u0259ndl\u0259 d\u0259f\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 toqqu\u015fub. N\u0259tic\u0259 nec\u0259 olur? Bir neç\u0259 d\u0259f\u0259 çox az sayl\u0131 d\u0259st\u0259 il\u0259, t\u0259xmin\u0259n 500 atl\u0131 il\u0259 Mazandaran \u0259traf\u0131nda K\u0259rim xan Z\u0259ndin 4 minlik qo\u015funu il\u0259 döyü\u015für v\u0259 mühasir\u0259ni yarma\u011fa nail olur. Lakin sonradan Mazandaran hakimi onu x\u0259yan\u0259t yolu il\u0259 \u0259sir tutaraq K\u0259rim xan Z\u0259nd\u0259 verir.  A\u011fa M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d \u015fah Qacar\u0131n haqq\u0131nda “axta \u015fah” ifad\u0259sinin i\u015fl\u0259nm\u0259si bar\u0259d\u0259 m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n birind\u0259 m\u0259lumat verilir ki, o mühasir\u0259d\u0259n ç\u0131xark\u0259n arxadan at\u0131lan güll\u0259 onun qas\u0131q nahiy\u0259sin\u0259 d\u0259ymi\u015fdi. Bundan sonra onun üzünd\u0259 d\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r olmu\u015fdu, h\u0259m d\u0259 o ki\u015filik funksiyas\u0131n\u0131 yerin\u0259 yetir\u0259 bilm\u0259di. Bu da versiyalardan biridir. B\u0259s \u0259sirlikd\u0259 M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d xan Qacar n\u0259 görüb? K\u0259rim xan Z\u0259nd onu qarda\u015f\u0131, eyni zamanda anas\u0131 Ceyran xan\u0131mla birg\u0259 öz yan\u0131na apar\u0131r. Üçüncü versiyada deyilir ki, M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d Qacar ist\u0259r boy, ist\u0259rs\u0259 d\u0259 üzd\u0259n yara\u015f\u0131ql\u0131 olub. M\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rin yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131na gör\u0259, onun K\u0259rim xan Z\u0259ndin qarda\u015f\u0131 Z\u0259ki xan Z\u0259ndin q\u0131z\u0131 il\u0259 gizli görü\u015fünü görübl\u0259r. Bundan sonra Ceyran xan\u0131m\u0131n yalvar\u0131\u015flar\u0131na baxmayaraq, Z\u0259ki xan Z\u0259nd onu axtalatd\u0131r\u0131r". 
\n\u018fsirlikd\u0259 oldu\u011fu dövrd\u0259 A\u011fa M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d xan Qacar fiziki t\u0259mrinl\u0259rl\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful idi. Eyni zamanda T\u0259rcimi deyil\u0259n ilahiyyat aliminin mühazir\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 qulaq as\u0131rd\u0131, XII \u0259srd\u0259 \u018fnd\u0259lusda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f m\u0259\u015fhur \u0130bn Tüfeylin \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri il\u0259 tan\u0131\u015f idi, astronomiya, riyaziyyat il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olurdu. Lakin \u0259sirlik \u0259sirlik idi. V\u0259 A\u011fa M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d xan sanki fürs\u0259t gözl\u0259yirdi. Bu fürs\u0259t onun \u0259lin\u0259 1782-ci ild\u0259 dü\u015fdü. \u018fslind\u0259, K\u0259rim xan Z\u0259ndin A\u011fa M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d xan Qacara qar\u015f\u0131 münasib\u0259tinin d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259sin\u0259 t\u0259bii ki, Qacar\u0131n bibisinin K\u0259rim xan Z\u0259ndin h\u0259yat yolda\u015f\u0131 olmas\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si d\u0259 mühüm rol oynay\u0131rd\u0131. K\u0259rim xan Z\u0259ndd\u0259n qaçan A\u011fa M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d xan Qacar art\u0131q 1785-ci ild\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131 birl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r. Tarixçi K\u0259r\u0259m M\u0259mm\u0259dli deyir: "M\u0259n ç\u0259kinm\u0259d\u0259n dey\u0259 bil\u0259r\u0259m ki, bu, Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n birl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si idi. Çünki o zaman Az\u0259rbaycan dey\u0259nd\u0259 indiki kimi \u0130ran dey\u0259 s\u0259sl\u0259nmirdi. Dövl\u0259tin ad\u0131 da \u0130ran dövl\u0259ti \u015f\u0259klind\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259nmir – M\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259ti M\u0259hrusi Qacar, y\u0259ni Qacarlar m\u0259ml\u0259k\u0259ti dey\u0259 s\u0259sl\u0259nirdi. Paytaxt\u0131 da A\u011fa M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d xan Qacar dü\u015fün\u0259r\u0259k seçib. Tehran \u015f\u0259h\u0259ri fars dilind\u0259 heç bir m\u0259na ifad\u0259 etmir, bu türk dilind\u0259 dik aran, y\u0259ni yüks\u0259k oval\u0131qda yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n aran dem\u0259kdir. \u015e\u0259h\u0259r orada sal\u0131nm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Çünki birba\u015fa Az\u0259rbaycan s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259rind\u0259 idi. K\u0259rim xan Z\u0259nd ora fikir vers\u0259 d\u0259, oran\u0131 paytaxt kimi seçm\u0259di. Fars \u0259n\u0259n\u0259sin\u0259 sadiq qalaraq, \u015eiraz\u0131 paytaxt elan etmi\u015fdi. Lakin A\u011fa M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d \u015fah Qacar Tehran\u0131 seçdi v\u0259 oran\u0131 paytaxt elan etdi". 
\n1785-ci ild\u0259 A\u011fa M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d \u015fah Qacar tam gücü il\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131 v\u0259 yen\u0259 d\u0259 onun qo\u015fununun say\u0131 o q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259 çox deyildi. Alt\u0131 min, 4000, h\u0259tta 600 atl\u0131 il\u0259 \u015eiraz\u0131 tutmas\u0131 haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumatlar\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259r var. Sonradan onun ordusunu kiml\u0259r t\u0259\u015fkil etdi? Vaxtil\u0259 \u015eah \u0130smay\u0131l X\u0259tai ordunu nec\u0259 komplektl\u0259\u015fdirmi\u015fdis\u0259, A\u011fa M\u0259h\u0259mm\u0259d \u015fah Qacar sanki o yolu davam etdirirdi. Y\u0259ni, onun ordusunda \u0259sas nüv\u0259 rolunu Az\u0259rbaycan, türk tayfalar\u0131 oynay\u0131rd\u0131 – qacarlar, qaragözl\u0259r, qarapapaqlar. B\u0259zi m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 qacarlar\u0131n özl\u0259rini qarapapaqlar hesab edirl\u0259r. M\u0259\u015fhur amerikal\u0131 alim Vilyam Fi\u015fer qeyd edir ki, qarapapaqlar \u0259slind\u0259 qacar sülal\u0259sind\u0259ndirl\u0259r v\u0259 qacar sözünü daha çox qarapapaqlara ba\u011flay\u0131rlar. Bunu t\u0259bii ki, onlar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131na qoyduqlar\u0131 papaqla da izah etm\u0259k mümkündür. Çünki qacar \u015fahlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti r\u0259smi geyiml\u0259rind\u0259 tacdan çox qara papaq üstün\u0259 q\u0131z\u0131l z\u0259ncir vurulmu\u015f \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259svir olunur. 
\n(ard\u0131 var)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Az\u0259rbaycan dövl\u0259tl\u0259rinin qurulu\u015funda qacarlar\u0131n misilsiz xidm\u0259tl\u0259ri var   Erk\u0259n orta \u0259srl\u0259rd\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq art\u0131q qacarlar Az\u0259rbaycan tarixind\u0259 çox mühüm izl\u0259r qoyublar. Bu izl\u0259ri silm\u0259k mümkün olmay\u0131b. Y\u0259ni, \u0259g\u0259r hunlar dövründ\u0259 bunlar…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":251278,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36228","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-esas"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36228","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=36228"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36228\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/251278"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=36228"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=36228"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=36228"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}