{"id":35737,"date":"2016-07-26T19:43:32","date_gmt":"2016-07-26T15:43:32","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T20:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/?p=35737","title":{"rendered":"Avropada d\u00f6vl\u0259t olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir vaxtda Az\u0259rbaycanda demokratik \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 bir qanun q\u0259bul olunub"},"content":{"rendered":"

Aquen Kils\u0259 M\u0259clisind\u0259 o zaman Albaniyan\u0131n bütün \u0259yal\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n g\u0259lmi\u015f dini r\u0259hb\u0259rl\u0259r, mülki \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r ham\u0131s\u0131 öz möhürü il o qanunu t\u0259sdiq edibl\u0259r<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Bizim \u0130slamaq\u0259d\u0259rki tariximiz var ondan sonrak\u0131 tariximiz. \u0130slam psixologiyas\u0131 il\u0259 biz Girdman dövl\u0259tin\u0259 baxanda, Cavan\u015fir\u0259 baxanda v\u0259 yaxud ondan \u0259vv\u0259lki dövl\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 baxanda onda ögeylik yaranacaq. Y\u0259ni bizim psixologiyada olan bu ögeylik Da\u011fl\u0131q Qaraba\u011f probleminin yaranmas\u0131nda da mü\u0259yy\u0259n q\u0259d\u0259r özünü göst\u0259rdi. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Alban abid\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 olan ögey münasib\u0259t ona g\u0259tirib ç\u0131xard\u0131 ki, erm\u0259nil\u0259r gördü ki, müs\u0259lman \u0259halisi kils\u0259y\u0259 bigan\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131r v\u0259 “s\u0259nin deyils\u0259, dem\u0259li m\u0259nimdir” prinsipini \u0259sas götürdü. H\u0259min kils\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 mü\u0259yy\u0259n d\u0259yi\u015fiklik etm\u0259kl\u0259 özünün oldu\u011funu bildirdi. Stalinin bir sözü vard\u0131 – “Az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131lar\u0131n babalar\u0131 Midiyal\u0131lar olub”. Totalitar dövl\u0259td\u0259 r\u0259hb\u0259r n\u0259 deyirs\u0259, ham\u0131 onu t\u0259sdiql\u0259yir. Onun sözünd\u0259n sonra tarixçil\u0259r bu tezisi sübut etm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Stalin öl\u0259nd\u0259n sonra Az\u0259rbaycanl\u0131 tarixçil\u0259ri sübut etdil\u0259r ki, Midiya Az\u0259rbaycan dövl\u0259ti deyil. Midiya Az\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisini i\u015f\u011fal etmi\u015f bir dövl\u0259t olub. Manna, Albaniya, Atropatena is\u0259 bizim dövl\u0259tl\u0259rimiz olub. Bu bar\u0259d\u0259 tarixçi M\u0259h\u0259rr\u0259m Zülfüqarl\u0131f bildirib.  Onun sözl\u0259rin\u0259 gör\u0259, Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n 3 min ild\u0259n art\u0131q dövl\u0259tçilik tarixi var. "Bunun t\u0259xmin\u0259n 2 min ili i\u015f\u011fallara aiddir, min ili is\u0259 müst\u0259qillik dövrüdür. Bu bizim tariximizdir v\u0259 h\u0259r bir dövr t\u0259dqiq olunmal\u0131d\u0131r. M\u0259n özüm Turizm \u0130nstitutunda d\u0259rs deyir\u0259m v\u0259 t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 d\u0259 deyir\u0259m ki, siz Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n dövl\u0259tçilik tarixi il\u0259 f\u0259xr etm\u0259lisiniz. Bununla ba\u011fl\u0131 minl\u0259rl\u0259 nüanslar var. Bunlardan biri Aquen Kils\u0259 M\u0259clisinin q\u0259bul etdiyi qanundur",-M\u0259h\u0259rr\u0259m Zülfüqarl\u0131 deyib. Onun sözl\u0259rin\u0259 gör\u0259, bu m\u0259clis 488-ci ild\u0259 keçirilib. Avropada dövl\u0259t olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir vaxtda Az\u0259rbaycanda parlament s\u0259viyy\u0259li demokratik \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 bir qanun q\u0259bul olunub. Y\u0259ni Aquen Kils\u0259 M\u0259clisind\u0259 o zaman Albaniyan\u0131n bütün \u0259yal\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n g\u0259lmi\u015f dini r\u0259hb\u0259rl\u0259r, mülki \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r ham\u0131s\u0131 öz möhürü il o qanunu t\u0259sdiq edibl\u0259r. Bu kollektiv \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 q\u0259bul olunmu\u015f bir qanundur. Aquen kanonlar\u0131 erk\u0259n orta \u0259srl\u0259r Qafqaz Albaniyas\u0131n\u0131n dövrümüz\u0259 g\u0259lib çatm\u0131\u015f ilk v\u0259 yegan\u0259 siyasi hüquqi s\u0259n\u0259di kimi böyük \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t\u0259 malikdir. Bu s\u0259n\u0259dd\u0259 Albaniyada sosial, hüquq v\u0259 kils\u0259 münasib\u0259tl\u0259ri öz \u0259ksini tap\u0131b. Aquen qanunlar\u0131n\u0131n q\u0259bul olundu\u011fu zamanad\u0259k Albaniyada, Erm\u0259nistanda v\u0259 Gürcüstanda kils\u0259nin ehtiyac v\u0259 maraqlar\u0131n\u0131 ifad\u0259 ed\u0259n t\u0259rcüm\u0259 v\u0259 orijinal qanun m\u0259tnl\u0259ri mövcud idi: hüquqi normalarla birlikd\u0259 Bibliyan\u0131n t\u0259rcüm\u0259si, ümumdünya kils\u0259 m\u0259clisl\u0259rinin (325-ci ilin Nikeya, 381-ci ilin Konstantinopol, 431-ci ilin Efes kils\u0259 m\u0259clisl\u0259rinin) bütün xristianlar üçün icbari olan qanunlar\u0131. Ümumdünya kils\u0259 m\u0259clisl\u0259rinin hüquqi kodeksl\u0259rinin mü\u0259yy\u0259n t\u0259siri v\u0259 Albaniyada ictimai münasib\u0259tl\u0259rin daxili inki\u015faf\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 alban qanunlar\u0131n\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 z\u0259rur\u0259ti meydana g\u0259ldi. Alban hökmdar\u0131 III Vaçaqan Albaniyan\u0131n müst\u0259qilliyini möhk\u0259ml\u0259ndirm\u0259y\u0259 can ataraq, yad dini-siyasi t\u0259sirl\u0259r\u0259 v\u0259 yadelli qüvv\u0259l\u0259rin assimilyasiya siyas\u0259tin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 dura bil\u0259c\u0259k müst\u0259qil alban kils\u0259sinin böyük siyasi rolunu n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alaraq alban kils\u0259sinin dayaqlar\u0131n\u0131 möhk\u0259ml\u0259ndirm\u0259yi, onu iqtisadi c\u0259h\u0259td\u0259n gücl\u0259ndirm\u0259yi z\u0259ruri hesab edirdi. Bunu is\u0259 alban kils\u0259 hüquqi normalar\u0131n\u0131n q\u0259bul olunmas\u0131 yolu il\u0259 etm\u0259k mümkün idi. III Vaçaqan bu m\u0259qs\u0259dl\u0259 498-ci ild\u0259 Aquen kils\u0259 m\u0259clisini ça\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. Aquen m\u0259clisinin ça\u011f\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rini izah ed\u0259n Moisey Kalankatl\u0131 yaz\u0131rd\u0131 ki, "ruhani olmayanlarla ruhanil\u0259r aras\u0131nda, azatlarla qara camaat (ramikl\u0259r) aras\u0131nda naraz\u0131l\u0131qlar ba\u015f verdi; onda hökmdar m\u0259clis – böyük m\u0259hk\u0259m\u0259 qurmaq ist\u0259di". Ayd\u0131nd\u0131r ki, söhb\u0259t sinifl\u0259raras\u0131 v\u0259 sinifdaxili naraz\u0131l\u0131qlardan gedir. Lakin qanunlar\u0131n m\u0259tnl\u0259rind\u0259 ancaq sinifdaxili – düny\u0259vi \u0259yanlarla ruhanil\u0259r aras\u0131ndak\u0131 münaqi\u015f\u0259l\u0259r \u0259ks olunub. 
\nTarixçi deyib: " M\u0259n bunu ona gör\u0259 vur\u011fulay\u0131ram ki, Aquen qanununda el\u0259 madd\u0259l\u0259r var ki, müasir dövrd\u0259 d\u0259 aktuall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 itirm\u0259yib. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, qan qohumlu\u011fu olanlara evl\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259 qada\u011fa qoyulmas\u0131. Bir sözl\u0259 Aquen kils\u0259 m\u0259clisinin X v\u0259 XI qanunlar\u0131 nikah-ail\u0259 münasib\u0259tl\u0259rini \u0259ks etdirir. X qanunda oxuyuruq: "Heç k\u0259s onunla üçüncü d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 qohum olan qad\u0131nla evl\u0259n\u0259 bilm\u0259z v\u0259 qarda\u015f\u0131n\u0131n da arvad\u0131n\u0131 ala bilm\u0259z. Göründüyü kimi, qohumlu\u011fun üçüncü d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259si deyildikd\u0259, üçüncü n\u0259sil buda\u011f\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulur. Qanunlardan m\u0259lum olur ki, ba\u015fqa xristian ölk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 oldu\u011fu kimi, V \u0259srd\u0259 Albaniyada da xristianl\u0131\u011faq\u0259d\u0259rki ad\u0259tl\u0259r v\u0259 levirat (u\u015faqs\u0131z dul qad\u0131n\u0131n mütl\u0259q qayn\u0131na \u0259r\u0259 getm\u0259si qaydas\u0131) h\u0259l\u0259 d\u0259 qalmaqda idi. Aquen qanununun m\u0259qs\u0259di q\u0259dim nikah ad\u0259tl\u0259rinin aradan qald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 xristian kils\u0259 nikah\u0131n\u0131n b\u0259rq\u0259rar olunmas\u0131 idi.
\nXI qanunda cadug\u0259rl\u0259r\u0259 müraci\u0259t olunmas\u0131 da qada\u011fan edilirdi. Cadug\u0259rlik dinsizlik kimi qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirilirdi v\u0259 h\u0259min f\u0259aliyy\u0259t\u0259 gör\u0259 müq\u0259ssir olan \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r üçün qanunda insan öldürm\u0259yin müqabilind\u0259 veril\u0259n c\u0259za, y\u0259ni ölüm c\u0259zas\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulurdu. Görünür, bu qanunun da \u0259sas\u0131nda Bibliyada olan qanun durur: "\u018fg\u0259r ki\u015fi v\u0259 ya qad\u0131n ölül\u0259ri v\u0259 ya cadug\u0259rl\u0259ri ça\u011f\u0131rarsa, ölüm\u0259 m\u0259hkum olunacaq, onu da\u015fqalaq ed\u0259r\u0259k, qan\u0131na q\u0259ltan ed\u0259c\u0259kl\u0259r".
\nAquen m\u0259clisinin alban qanunlar\u0131nda dindarlar iki kateqoriyaya bölünürl\u0259r: \u0259yanlara – azatlara v\u0259 \u015finakanlara. Burada \u015finakanlar bütün vergi ver\u0259nl\u0259ri n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tuturdu. Bu qanunlardan m\u0259lum olur ki, \u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n – Albaniyan\u0131n \u0259sas vergi ver\u0259n zümr\u0259si k\u0259ndlil\u0259r idi. K\u0259ndin \u0259mlaka gör\u0259 t\u0259b\u0259q\u0259l\u0259\u015fm\u0259si prosesi d\u0259rinl\u0259\u015firdi. Albaniyada üç kateqoriya k\u0259ndli vard\u0131: varl\u0131lar, kas\u0131blar, torpaqs\u0131zlar. Torpaqs\u0131z k\u0259ndlil\u0259r yardar – icar\u0259darlara çevrilir v\u0259 ya feodal\u0131n yan\u0131nda muzdur olurdular. Ölk\u0259nin \u0259sas istehsalç\u0131lar\u0131 azad k\u0259ndlil\u0259r, icmaç\u0131lar v\u0259 feodaldan as\u0131l\u0131 k\u0259ndlil\u0259r idil\u0259r. Aquen qanunlar\u0131n\u0131n XVII, XX v\u0259 XXI madd\u0259l\u0259ri azatlarla ruhanil\u0259r aras\u0131nda iqtisadi v\u0259 siyasi z\u0259mind\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259n zümr\u0259l\u0259raras\u0131 mübariz\u0259ni özünd\u0259 \u0259ks etdirir. Diqq\u0259t\u0259layiqdir ki, Aquen qanununda öz \u0259ksini tapm\u0131\u015f düny\u0259vi v\u0259 ruhani feodallar aras\u0131ndak\u0131 mübariz\u0259 V \u0259sr Albaniyas\u0131n\u0131n gerç\u0259kliyi idi. Görünür, Albaniyan\u0131n ictimai-siyasi inki\u015faf xüsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n biri bundan ibar\u0259tdir.
\nRuhanil\u0259rl\u0259 düny\u0259vi \u0259yanlar aras\u0131ndak\u0131 münasib\u0259tl\u0259ri t\u0259nziml\u0259y\u0259n ikinci kateqoriyadan olan qanunlar\u0131 (III, XVII, XVIII, XX, XXI qanunlar) n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n keçir\u0259k.  Aquen kils\u0259 m\u0259clisinin XXI madd\u0259sind\u0259 deyilir: "\u018fg\u0259r azat öz kils\u0259sind\u0259 s\u0259cd\u0259gah qurmaq v\u0259 ya oraya quru c\u0259s\u0259d g\u0259tirm\u0259k v\u0259 ya nahar ibad\u0259tini keçirm\u0259k ist\u0259s\u0259, bunlar\u0131 o, mümküns\u0259 yepiskopun icaz\u0259si il\u0259 etm\u0259lidir. Kim ki, bunlar\u0131 yepiskopun icaz\u0259sil\u0259 edir, ona u\u011furlar olsun. Kim ki, bunu yepiskopun icaz\u0259si olmadan edir, o, kils\u0259d\u0259n uzaqla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r v\u0259 yepiskopa imkan\u0131 daxilind\u0259 c\u0259rim\u0259 g\u0259tirir. Yaln\u0131z qanunlarda n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulmu\u015f c\u0259rim\u0259ni g\u0259tir\u0259nd\u0259n sonra o, xeyir-dua ala bil\u0259r". Burada yen\u0259 d\u0259 Aquen kils\u0259 m\u0259clisin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259rki dövrd\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259t göst\u0259rmi\u015f, biz\u0259 m\u0259lum olmayan qanunlar xat\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.
\nO\u011furluqla ba\u011fl\u0131 bel\u0259 madd\u0259 var, ke\u015fi\u015f kils\u0259d\u0259n o\u011furluq edirs\u0259, o kils\u0259d\u0259n qovulur, o\u011flu is\u0259 kils\u0259 üçün i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 götürülür. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, vergi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sind\u0259 demokratik madd\u0259l\u0259r var. Vergil\u0259r mü\u0259yy\u0259n olunur, amma qeyd edilir ki, kimin \u0259kin-biçini yoxdursa, ondan vergi tutulmur. Müasir dövr üçün aktual v\u0259 maraql\u0131 olan daha bir fakt var. Bildirilir ki, \u0259g\u0259r h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir ki\u015fi üzrlü s\u0259b\u0259b olmadan ail\u0259sini at\u0131b, ba\u015fqa bir qad\u0131nla nikahs\u0131z ya\u015fay\u0131rsa, o yaramazd\u0131r. Bunu V \u0259srd\u0259 bizim qanunlar deyir. XXI \u0259srd\u0259 is\u0259 öz aktuall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 saxlay\u0131r. Bu h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n f\u0259xr etm\u0259li bir m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259dir. H\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 kiml\u0259rins\u0259 biz\u0259 vasit\u0259çilik etdiyi iddia olunur. Amma bizim d\u0259 vasit\u0259çilik etdiyimiz vaxtlar olub. Girdiman dövl\u0259tinin s\u0259rk\u0259rd\u0259si, q\u0259hr\u0259man Cavan\u015fir \u018fr\u0259b xilaf\u0259ti il\u0259 Bizansa onlar\u0131n özl\u0259rinin xahi\u015fi il\u0259 vasit\u0259çilik edib. \u0130ndi bizim problemimizi onlar h\u0259ll etm\u0259k ist\u0259yir, amma vaxtil\u0259 Az\u0259rbaycan dövl\u0259tl\u0259ri bel\u0259 missiyalar\u0131 yerin\u0259 yetirib. Dövl\u0259tçilik tariximizd\u0259 Girdiman dövl\u0259tinin, xüsusil\u0259 Cavan\u015firin misilsiz rolu var. Amma çox t\u0259\u0259ssüf ki, biz bunu h\u0259l\u0259 layiqinc\u0259 qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndir\u0259 bilm\u0259mi\u015fik. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Aquen Kils\u0259 M\u0259clisind\u0259 o zaman Albaniyan\u0131n bütün \u0259yal\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n g\u0259lmi\u015f dini r\u0259hb\u0259rl\u0259r, mülki \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259r ham\u0131s\u0131 öz möhürü il o qanunu t\u0259sdiq edibl\u0259r Bizim \u0130slamaq\u0259d\u0259rki tariximiz var ondan sonrak\u0131 tariximiz. \u0130slam psixologiyas\u0131…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":251278,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35737","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-esas"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35737","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=35737"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35737\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/251278"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=35737"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=35737"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=35737"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}