{"id":35278,"date":"2016-07-12T19:11:42","date_gmt":"2016-07-12T15:11:42","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T20:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/?p=35278","title":{"rendered":"Manna g\u00fccl\u00fc d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7ilik \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rimizin m\u00f6vcud oldu\u011funu s\u00fcbut ed\u0259n \u00e7ox qiym\u0259tli tarixi faktd\u0131r"},"content":{"rendered":"

Urartulular v\u0259 assuriyal\u0131lar Manna hökmdar\u0131 il\u0259 hesabla\u015fd\u0131lar<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Manna Urartu dövl\u0259ti il\u0259 d\u0259f\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 müharib\u0259 meydan\u0131nda qar\u015f\u0131laq\u0131b. Urartu öz qüvv\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 Manna il\u0259 bacara bilm\u0259yib v\u0259 ona gör\u0259 d\u0259 Mannaya tabe olub müst\u0259qilliy\u0259 c\u0259hd göst\u0259r\u0259n \u0259yal\u0259tl\u0259r aras\u0131nda özün\u0259 dayaq axtar\u0131b. Naxç\u0131van v\u0259 Manna \u0259razil\u0259rind\u0259 a\u015fkar edilmi\u015f arxeoloji materiallarda izl\u0259nil\u0259n s\u0131x m\u0259d\u0259ni \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259r bel\u0259 dem\u0259y\u0259 imkan verir ki, görünür mü\u0259yy\u0259n dövrl\u0259rd\u0259 Mannan\u0131n s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259ri Araz çay\u0131ndan \u015fimala uzan\u0131b v\u0259 Manna dövl\u0259ti özünün gücl\u0259ndiyi dövrl\u0259rd\u0259 geni\u015f bir \u0259razini \u0259hat\u0259 edib. \u0130ranzunun hakimiyy\u0259tinin sonunda Manna hökmdar\u0131n\u0131n mövqeyi bir q\u0259d\u0259r z\u0259ifl\u0259yib. Zikertu \u0259yal\u0259ti il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 \u015euandaxul v\u0259 Durdukka \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259ri d\u0259 onun \u0259leyhin\u0259 ç\u0131x\u0131b. II Sarqonun köm\u0259kliyil\u0259 onlar yenid\u0259n mannaya tabe edilibl\u0259r.
\n\u0130ranzunun ölümünd\u0259n (t\u0259qrib\u0259n e.\u0259. 719 v\u0259 716-c\u0131 ill\u0259r aras\u0131nda) sonra onun o\u011fullar\u0131 aras\u0131nda hakimiyy\u0259t u\u011frunda mübariz\u0259 ba\u015flan\u0131b. Atas\u0131 \u0130ranzunun siyas\u0259tini davam etdir\u0259n v\u0259 A\u015f\u015fur t\u0259r\u0259fdar\u0131 olan böyük o\u011flu Aza hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 keçib. Manna dövl\u0259tinin süqutu il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar \u0130qrar \u018fliyev yaz\u0131r ki, Manna öz dövrünün \u0259n qüdr\u0259tli dövl\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n birin\u0259 çevrilib. Tezlikl\u0259 gücl\u0259nmi\u015f Manna art\u0131q Assuriya \u0259razil\u0259rin\u0259 hücum etm\u0259y\u0259 cür\u0259t etdi. Manna \u0259razisi çar Ax\u015ferinin dövründ\u0259 (o, ölk\u0259ni e.\u0259. VII \u0259srin 50-ci ill\u0259rin\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r idar\u0259 etmi\u015fdi) xeyli geni\u015fl\u0259nib. Bu dövrd\u0259 urartulular v\u0259 assuriyal\u0131lar Manna hökmdar\u0131 il\u0259 hesabla\u015fd\u0131lar. H\u0259min dövrd\u0259 güclü Manna ordusu vard\u0131. Döyü\u015fçül\u0259r özl\u0259rin\u0259n\u0259m\u0259xsus  paltarlar geyirdil\u0259r. Bu geyim uzun olub, \u0259t\u0259y\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r geni\u015fl\u0259nirdi. Parçadan v\u0259 d\u0259rid\u0259n haz\u0131rlanan geymin üz\u0259rin\u0259 d\u0259mir lövh\u0259cikl\u0259r tikilirdi. Manna döyü\u015fçüsünün geyimi q\u0259dim \u0130kiçayaras\u0131 geyiml\u0259rin\u0259 b\u0259nz\u0259yirdi. Döü\u015fçünün kür\u0259yini sol çiyin\u0259 b\u0259nd edilmi\u015f heyvan d\u0259risi örtürdü. Geyim\u0259 d\u0259ri v\u0259 parçaya b\u0259nd edilmi\u015f de\u015fikl\u0259ri olan tunc lövh\u0259cikl\u0259r d\u0259 daxil idi. Döyü\u015fçül\u0259r  ba\u015flar\u0131na tuncdan, yaxud d\u0259mird\u0259n haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f d\u0259bilq\u0259  qoyurdular. D\u0259bilq\u0259nin arxas\u0131nda  l\u0259l\u0259kl\u0259ri v\u0259 ya tükd\u0259n olan daraqlar\u0131 sancmaq üçün lül\u0259cik olurdu. Formas\u0131na gör\u0259 \u015fi\u015f v\u0259 daraql\u0131 olan d\u0259bilq\u0259l\u0259r var idi. Döyü\u015fçünün silahlar\u0131na ox v\u0259 kaman, tunc v\u0259 d\u0259mird\u0259n haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f x\u0259nc\u0259r, h\u0259mçinin tunc toppuzlar daxil idi. 
\nH\u0259min dövrd\u0259 Manna dövl\u0259ti inzibati qurulu\u015funa gör\u0259 vilay\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 bölünürdü. H\u0259r bir vilay\u0259t cani\u015fin t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n idar\u0259 olunmaqla m\u0259rk\u0259zi hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 tabe idi. Mannan\u0131n \u0259n böyük v\u0259 m\u0259\u015fhur vilay\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n biri  Ui\u015fdi\u015f vilay\u0259ti idi. Bu vilay\u0259t indiki Mara\u011fa \u015f\u0259h\u0259rinin yerl\u0259\u015fdiyi bölg\u0259l\u0259ri \u0259hat\u0259 edirdi. Ui\u015fdi\u015f cani\u015fini Zikirtu v\u0259 Andia cani\u015finl\u0259ri il\u0259 birlikd\u0259 Van (Urartu) pad\u015fah\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259hriki il\u0259 Manna hökmdar\u0131 Azaya qar\u015f\u0131 qiyamda i\u015ftirak etm\u0259li idi. Lakin Assuriyan\u0131n köm\u0259yi il\u0259 burada m\u0259rk\u0259zi hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 tabeçilik b\u0259rpa edilmi\u015fdi.
\n Misi vilay\u0259ti is\u0259 Mannan\u0131n c\u0259nub torpaqlar\u0131n\u0131 \u0259hat\u0259 edirdi. Vilay\u0259td\u0259 ya\u015fayan c\u0259ngav\u0259r tayfalar atç\u0131l\u0131q v\u0259 d\u0259v\u0259çilikl\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful olur, qaramal v\u0259 davar saxlay\u0131rd\u0131lar. Misi vilay\u0259ti Ullusununun hakimiyy\u0259ti dövründ\u0259 Mannaya birl\u0259\u015fdirilmi\u015fdi. \u018frazisi olduqca geni\u015f olan bu vilay\u0259tin cani\u015fini özünü müst\u0259qil aparma\u011fa çal\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131.
\nAllabria vilay\u0259ti Urmiya gölü hövz\u0259sind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015firdi. M\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 Allabria çarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 haqq\u0131nda geni\u015f m\u0259lumatlar verilir. Allabria çarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 e.\u0259. IX \u0259srin ortalar\u0131nda ç\u0259kilir. Bu m\u0259nb\u0259d\u0259 Assuriya çar\u0131 III Salmanasar\u0131n Allabrian\u0131n qala-\u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259n birini \u0259l\u0259 keçirm\u0259sind\u0259n, oran\u0131n var-dövl\u0259tini talamas\u0131ndan söhb\u0259t aç\u0131l\u0131r. Allabria cani\u015fini d\u0259 Van pad\u015fahl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259hrikl\u0259rin\u0259 uyaraq tez-tez m\u0259rk\u0259zi hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 ç\u0131x\u0131rd\u0131.
\nGizilbunda vilay\u0259ti «Da\u011fl\u0131q ölk\u0259» ad\u0131n\u0131 da\u015f\u0131y\u0131rd\u0131. Bu vilay\u0259t Mannan\u0131n \u015f\u0259rq torpaqlar\u0131nda yerl\u0259\u015firdi. M\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259r e.\u0259. IX \u0259srd\u0259 assurlar\u0131n bu vilay\u0259t\u0259 yürü\u015fl\u0259ri, Gizilbundan\u0131n mübariz\u0259 apararaq öz müst\u0259qilliyini qoruyub saxlamas\u0131 haqq\u0131nda m\u0259lumat verir. Assuriya çar\u0131 III Salmanasar Gizilbunda \u0259halisini «öz gücl\u0259rin\u0259 güv\u0259n\u0259n, ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n üstünd\u0259 hökmranl\u0131q tan\u0131mayan» adamlar adland\u0131r\u0131r.
\nAndiya vilay\u0259ti is\u0259 Mannan\u0131n \u015f\u0259rq s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259rind\u0259, Q\u0131z\u0131lüz\u0259n çay\u0131 hövz\u0259sinin orta v\u0259 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 hiss\u0259sind\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n \u0259n uzaq vilay\u0259t idi. Onun ad\u0131 ilk d\u0259f\u0259 III Salmanasar\u0131n hakimiyy\u0259tinin sonlar\u0131na aid kitab\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 ç\u0259kilir. Dig\u0259r Assur hökmdar\u0131 III Adadnaririnin i\u015f\u011fal etdiyi ölk\u0259l\u0259r aras\u0131nda  «Gün\u0259\u015fin batd\u0131\u011f\u0131 böyük d\u0259niz\u0259d\u0259k» uzanan Andiyan\u0131n da ad\u0131 ç\u0259kilir. Bu d\u0259niz X\u0259z\u0259r d\u0259nizi hesab olunur. Manna özünün \u0259n qüdr\u0259tli dövründ\u0259 Andiyan\u0131 assurlardan geri alm\u0131\u015f v\u0259 onu özünün t\u0259sir dair\u0259sin\u0259 daxil etmi\u015fdi.
\n Sanqibuti vilay\u0259ti Urmiya hövz\u0259sinin \u015fimal-\u015f\u0259rq hiss\u0259sind\u0259 Manna il\u0259 Urartunun s\u0259rh\u0259ddi hüdudunda yerl\u0259\u015firdi. Vilay\u0259t iki hiss\u0259d\u0259n Subi v\u0259 Baradan ibar\u0259t idi. Sanqibuti vaxta\u015f\u0131r\u0131 olaraq gah Mannaya gah da Van (Urartu) pad\u015fahl\u0131\u011f\u0131na tabe olurdu. II Sarqonun kitab\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 bu vilay\u0259tin yax\u015f\u0131 möhk\u0259ml\u0259ndirilmi\u015f at tövl\u0259l\u0259ri, arpa dolu anbarlar\u0131 olan Tarun v\u0259 Tarmakis qalalar\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 ç\u0259kilir. Bara vilay\u0259tind\u0259 hökmdar sürül\u0259ri saxlan\u0131rd\u0131.
\nBu vilay\u0259tl\u0259r dövl\u0259tin gücl\u0259nm\u0259sind\u0259 rol oynad\u0131qlar\u0131 kimi b\u0259z\u0259n qon\u015fu dövl\u0259tl\u0259rin t\u0259hrikl\u0259ri il\u0259 m\u0259rk\u0259zi hökum\u0259t\u0259 q\u015far\u015f\u0131 ç\u0131x\u0131rd\u0131lar. Bu is\u0259 Manna dövl\u0259tin\u0259 z\u0259ifl\u0259dirdi. Mannan\u0131n çiç\u0259kl\u0259nm\u0259si prosesi uzun ç\u0259km\u0259di.
\nMannan\u0131n gücü v\u0259 qüdr\u0259ti mü\u0259yy\u0259n d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 kimmerl\u0259rl\u0259, skifl\u0259rl\u0259 v\u0259 madal\u0131larla (midiyal\u0131larla) ittifaqdan as\u0131l\u0131 idi. Lakin bu ittifaq 70-ci ill\u0259rin sonuna do\u011fru skifl\u0259rin bir hiss\u0259sinin x\u0259yan\u0259ti n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 iflasa u\u011frad\u0131. Assuril\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fin\u0259 keçmi\u015f Partatunun ba\u015fç\u0131l\u0131q etdiyi skifl\u0259rin bir hiss\u0259si Assarxaddona mannal\u0131lara v\u0259 (ba\u015fda \u0130\u015fpaka olmaqla onlarla dostlu\u011fu davam etdir\u0259n) skifl\u0259rin ba\u015fqa bir hiss\u0259sin\u0259 z\u0259rb\u0259 vurma\u011fa köm\u0259k etdi.
\nArt\u0131q A\u015f\u015furbanipal\u0131n hakimiyy\u0259ti dövründ\u0259 (668-627) t\u0259xmin\u0259n 660-c\u0131 ill\u0259r\u0259 yax\u0131n assuril\u0259r Mannaya a\u011f\u0131r z\u0259rb\u0259 endirdil\u0259r v\u0259 onu \u0259vv\u0259lki \u015föhr\u0259tind\u0259n tamamil\u0259 m\u0259hrum etdil\u0259r. Bundan sonra Manna böyük dövl\u0259t kimi öz mövqeyini itirdi. Manna Nin\u0259va hökmdarlar\u0131n\u0131n vassal\u0131 s\u0259viyy\u0259sin\u0259 endirildi v\u0259 süqutuna q\u0259d\u0259r assuril\u0259r\u0259 sadiq qald\u0131. Bu, keçmi\u015f mütt\u0259fiq olmu\u015f madalal\u0131lar\u0131n mannal\u0131lara dü\u015fm\u0259nçilik münasib\u0259ti \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 qoydu.
\nU\u011fursuz müharib\u0259 ölk\u0259d\u0259 g\u0259rginl\u0259\u015fmi\u015f v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti daha da k\u0259skinl\u0259\u015fdirirdi.
\nM\u0259\u015fhur "Qedd salnam\u0259si"nd mannal\u0131lar\u0131 ad\u0131 sonuncu d\u0259f\u0259 e.\u0259. 616-c\u0131 il hadis\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar olaraq ç\u0259kilir. Lakin b\u0259zi m\u0259lumatlara \u0259sas\u0259n Manna çarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n süqutunu e.\u0259. 593-cü ild\u0259n sonraya aid etm\u0259k olar.
\nBel\u0259likl\u0259,  Manna bütün regionda ba\u015f ver\u0259n h\u0259rbi-siyasi hadis\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 yax\u0131ndan i\u015ftirak edir, Az\u0259rbaycan torpaqlar\u0131n\u0131 \u0259l\u0259 keçirm\u0259y\u0259 çal\u0131\u015fan qüvv\u0259tli qon\u015fular\u0131na – A\u015f\u015fur v\u0259 Urartu dövl\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 u\u011furla mübariz\u0259 apar\u0131rd\u0131. A\u015f\u015fur v\u0259 Urartu t\u0259cavüzün\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 mübariz\u0259d\u0259 o zaman Az\u0259rbaycanda m\u0259skunla\u015fm\u0131\u015f iskitl\u0259r (skifl\u0259r) v\u0259 kimmerl\u0259r d\u0259 f\u0259al i\u015ftirak edirdil\u0259r.
\nManna hökmdarlar\u0131 irsi v\u0259 qeyri-m\u0259hdud hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 malik idil\u0259r. Lakin buna baxmayaraq onlar ölk\u0259ni a\u011fsaqqallar \u015furas\u0131n\u0131n köm\u0259yi il\u0259 idar\u0259 edirdil\u0259r ki, bu da Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n dövl\u0259t idar\u0259çiliyi sah\u0259sind\u0259 q\u0259dim m\u0259\u015fv\u0259r\u0259t m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tin\u0259 malik oldu\u011funu sübut edir.
\nYurdumuzun c\u0259nub bölg\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 üç yüz il\u0259 yax\u0131n bir müdd\u0259t \u0259rzind\u0259 davam etmi\u015f v\u0259 qüdr\u0259tli qon\u015fular\u0131n arams\u0131z hücumlar\u0131na duru\u015f g\u0259tirmi\u015f Manna Az\u0259rbaycanda \u0259n q\u0259dim zamanlardan ba\u015flayaraq güclü dövl\u0259tçilik \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rinin mövcud oldu\u011funu sübut ed\u0259n çox qiym\u0259tli tarixi faktd\u0131r.
\nEram\u0131zdan \u0259vv\u0259l VIII \u0259srin sonu – VII \u0259srin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259n ba\u015flayaraq Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n h\u0259rbi-siyasi tarixind\u0259 kimmerl\u0259r v\u0259 iskitl\u0259r, h\u0259mçinin iskitl\u0259rl\u0259 eyni toplumdan olan saklar v\u0259 massagetl\u0259r mühüm rol oynama\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Avrasiyan\u0131n q\u0259dim sakinl\u0259ri olan v\u0259 müxt\u0259lif tarixi dövrl\u0259rd\u0259 Ba\u015f Qafqaz\u0131n c\u0259nub a\u015f\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131ndan v\u0259 D\u0259rb\u0259nd keçidind\u0259n c\u0259nuba ax\u0131n ed\u0259n bu tayfalar Böyük Qafqaz\u0131n c\u0259nub \u0259t\u0259kl\u0259rind\u0259 – \u015eimali Az\u0259rbaycan torpaqlar\u0131nda möhk\u0259ml\u0259ndikd\u0259n sonra buradan c\u0259nuba do\u011fru – Manna \u0259razisin\u0259 v\u0259 Anadolunun \u015f\u0259rqin\u0259 d\u0259 yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Urartulular v\u0259 assuriyal\u0131lar Manna hökmdar\u0131 il\u0259 hesabla\u015fd\u0131lar Manna Urartu dövl\u0259ti il\u0259 d\u0259f\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 müharib\u0259 meydan\u0131nda qar\u015f\u0131laq\u0131b. Urartu öz qüvv\u0259l\u0259ri il\u0259 Manna il\u0259 bacara bilm\u0259yib v\u0259 ona gör\u0259 d\u0259 Mannaya tabe olub…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":251278,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35278","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-esas"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35278","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=35278"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35278\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/251278"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=35278"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=35278"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=35278"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}