{"id":35246,"date":"2016-07-11T19:27:00","date_gmt":"2016-07-11T15:27:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T20:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/?p=35246","title":{"rendered":"Manna ikimeylli xarici siyas\u0259t m\u00f6vcud idi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dövl\u0259tin ba\u015f\u0131nda irsi haikmiyy\u0259t\u0259 malik hökmdar dururdu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Manna ikimeylli xarici siyas\u0259t mövcud idi. Bir qrup Assuriya il\u0259 ittifaqa meyl göst\u0259rir, bununla da Manna torpaqlar\u0131n\u0131n bütövlüyünü saxlay\u0131r v\u0259 Urartunun i\u015f\u011falç\u0131l\u0131q niyy\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259 s\u0259dd ç\u0259kirdi. \u0130ranzu Assuriya il\u0259 mütt\u0259fiq kimi davran\u0131r v\u0259 onun siyasi üstünlüyünü tan\u0131y\u0131rd\u0131. Uzun müdd\u0259t Urartu müdaxil\u0259sin\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 mübariz\u0259 aparan Mannaya \u0259min-amanl\u0131q laz\u0131m idi. dig\u0259r qrup Urartu il\u0259 ittifaqa meyl göst\u0259rir v\u0259 Assuriya \u0259leyhin\u0259 qüvv\u0259l\u0259ri birl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259y\u0259 ça\u011f\u0131r\u0131rd\u0131. F\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 üzr\u0259 f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 doktoru Vahid Öm\u0259rov bildirib ki, ola bilsin ki, III Tiqlatpalasar Urmiya gölünün c\u0259nub v\u0259 c\u0259nub-q\u0259rb torpaqlar\u0131n\u0131n Urartuya meyl göst\u0259r\u0259n \u0259halisini siyasi mövqeyin\u0259 gör\u0259 köçürmü\u015fdü. H\u0259r halda ikinci qrupun siyas\u0259ti Mannan\u0131n \u0259razi bütbvlüyünü parçalaya bil\u0259rdi, eyni zamanda, daxili qüvv\u0259l\u0259rin v\u0259 vilay\u0259tl\u0259rin m\u0259rk\u0259zi dövl\u0259t \u0259traf\u0131nda birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259sin\u0259 \u0259ng\u0259l tör\u0259dirdi. Keçmi\u015fin t\u0259crüb\u0259si Manna hökmdar\u0131n\u0131n xarici siyas\u0259tinin istiqam\u0259\u011fini mü\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirdi. Onun assur meylli siyas\u0259ti Ön Asiyan\u0131n bu qüdr\u0259tili dövl\u0259tini Mannan\u0131n havadar\u0131na çevirmi\u015fdi. Bel\u0259 hal, ilk növb\u0259d\u0259, Urartunu narahat edirdi, çünki Urartu hökmdarlar\u0131 Manna torpaqlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015f\u011fal etm\u0259e niyy\u0259tind\u0259n \u0259l ç\u0259km\u0259mi\u015fdil\u0259r.
\nAssur meylli-xarici siyas\u0259t Manna dövl\u0259tini Urartu i\u015f\u011falç\u0131lar\u0131ndan xilas etmi\u015f v\u0259 ölk\u0259nin vahid m\u0259rk\u0259zd\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fm\u0259si üçün \u015f\u0259rait yaratm\u0131\u015fd\u0131. Lakin \u0130ranzunun dövl\u0259ti m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259 siyas\u0259ti Mannan\u0131n mü\u0259yy\u0259n cani\u015finl\u0259rinin m\u0259nafeyin\u0259 uy\u011fun g\u0259lmirdi, cani\u015finl\u0259rin b\u0259zisi m\u0259rk\u0259zd\u0259n ayr\u0131lma fitvas\u0131na gedirdil\u0259r. Eyni zamanda, Urartu manan\u0131n daxili i\u015fl\u0259rin\u0259 qar\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Cani\u015finl\u0259ri m\u0259rk\u0259zi hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 üsyana t\u0259hrik edirdi. Vahid Öm\u0259rov bildirib ki, Urartu hökmdar\u0131 I Rusa (e.\u0259. 730-714-cü ill\u0259r) i\u015f\u011falç\u0131l\u0131q niyy\u0259tinin h\u0259yata keçirm\u0259k m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 Mannan\u0131n Zigiru vilay\u0259tinin cani\u015fini v\u0259 ba\u015fqa \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r il\u0259 sazi\u015f\u0259 girdi. Mannan\u0131n Zikirtu vilay\u0259tinin cani\u015finin Mettati \u0259hali aras\u0131nda \u0130ranzuya qar\u015f\u0131 üsyan meyll\u0259ri yarad\u0131rd\u0131. E.\u0259. 719-cu ild\u0259 Mannan\u0131n \u015euandahul v\u0259 Durdukka \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rinin \u0259halisi Mettatiy\u0259 arxanalaraq \u0130ranzuya qar\u015f\u0131 üsyana qalxd\u0131. Assur hökmdar\u0131 II Sarqonun (e.\u0259. 722-705-ci ill\u0259r) kitab\u0259sind\u0259 bu bar\u0259d\u0259 deyilir: "Hakimiyy\u0259timin üçüncü ilind\u0259 \u015euandahul v\u0259 Durdukka qala \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259ri öz a\u011falar\u0131na, m\u0259nimboyunduru\u011fumu ç\u0259k\u0259n Manna hökmdar\u0131 \u0130ranzuya qar\u015f\u0131 üsyan fikrin\u0259 dü\u015fdül\u0259r v\u0259 döyü\u015fçü v\u0259 suvaril\u0259rini verm\u0259kl\u0259 yard\u0131m göst\u0259rdi. (Allah) A\u015f\u015furun çoxlu qo\u015fununu m\u0259n silahland\u0131rd\u0131m v\u0259 bu \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259ri tutma\u011fa getdim". II Sarqon s\u0259l\u0259fl\u0259rinin Manna il\u0259 ittifaq\u0131na sadiq qalaraq üsyanç\u0131lar\u0131n üz\u0259rin\u0259 qo\u015fun yeritdi. Yürü\u015fün gedi\u015find\u0259 üsyana meyl ed\u0259n v\u0259 I Rusa il\u0259 sövd\u0259l\u0259\u015f\u0259n bir s\u0131ra \u015f\u0259h\u0259r \u0259halisini Suriyaya köçürdü. II Sarqon m\u0259lumat verir ki, "Sukka \u015f\u0259h\u0259r \u0259halisini, bala \u015f\u0259h\u0259r \u0259halisini. Abitikna \u015f\u0259h\u0259r \u0259halisini onlar\u0131n kökünü k\u0259s\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259k pis m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259t verdiyi v\u0259 Urartu hökmdar\u0131 il\u0259 sazi\u015f\u0259 girdiyi üçün günah i\u015fl\u0259tdikl\u0259ri üçün m\u0259n öz yerl\u0259rind\u0259 q\u0259rb\u0259, Suriyaya köçürdüm". II sarqon üsyanç\u0131 \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259ri da\u011f\u0131daraq yand\u0131rd\u0131. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, cani\u015fin Metatta v\u0259 I Rusa t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n Manna hökmdar\u0131 \u0130ranzuya qar\u015f\u0131 haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f üsyan Assuriyan\u0131n köm\u0259yil\u0259 yat\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Lakin özg\u0259 torpa\u011f\u0131nda ara q\u0131z\u0131\u015fd\u0131ran Rusiya uyan Mettati vahid Manna dövl\u0259tini parçalamaq üçün fürs\u0259t axtar\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130ranzu v\u0259fat etdikd\u0259n sonra onlar yeni mütt\u0259fiql\u0259r tap\u0131b Manna hökmdar\u0131na qar\u015f\u0131 fitn\u0259-f\u0259sada ba\u015flad\u0131lar.
\nS.Qo\u015fqay v\u0259 Q.Melix\u015fvili Mannan\u0131n dövl\u0259t qurumundan b\u0259hs edibl\u0259r. Hökmdar Udakid\u0259n sonra e.\u0259. 737-ci il yürü\u015fl\u0259ri il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar III Tiqlatpalasar\u0131n v\u0259 II Sarqonun e.\u0259. 718-ci il\u0259 aid kitab\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 Manna hökmdar\u0131 \u0130ranzunun ad\u0131 ç\u0259kilir (\u0259g\u0259r h\u0259r iki kitab\u0259d\u0259 ad\u0131 ç\u0259kil\u0259n \u0130ranzunun eyni \u015f\u0259xsiyy\u0259t oldu\u011funu n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alsaq dem\u0259li, o 20 ild\u0259n çox Mannada hökmdarl\u0131q etmi\u015fdir). Bel\u0259 m\u0259lumatlardan görünür ki, el\u0259 h\u0259min vaxtdan mannada hökmdarl\u0131q t\u0259silat\u0131 irsi imi\u015f. Bir-birinin ard\u0131nca hökmdarl\u0131q ed\u0259n Azpa v\u0259 Ullusunu \u0130ranzunun o\u011fullar\u0131 idil\u0259r. A\u015f\u015fur hökmdar\u0131 Asarxaddonun müasiri Ah\u015ferid\u0259n sonra Mannan\u0131n onun o\u011flu Ualli idar\u0259 edirdi.
\nAlimin sözl\u0259rin\u0259 gör\u0259, Manna hökmranl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n dövl\u0259t qurulu\u015fu haqda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259s\u0259vvür yarad\u0131r. Dövl\u0259tin ba\u015f\u0131nda irsi haikmiyy\u0259t\u0259 malik hökmdar dururdu. Dövl\u0259tin \u0259razisi hökmdar\u0131n t\u0259yin etdiyi cani\u015finl\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n idar\u0259 olunan \u0259yal\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 bölünürdü. Q.A.Meliki\u015fvilinin göst\u0259rdiyi kimi bu cani\u015finl\u0259rin b\u0259zil\u0259ri h\u0259tta irsi hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 malik olublar.
\nMannada hökmdar hakimiyy\u0259ti, görünür, qeyri m\u0259hdudlu\u011fa do\u011fru gedirdi; h\u0259r halda onlar s\u0259rb\u0259st hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 can at\u0131blar. M\u0259hz bu, hökmdar\u0131n v\u0259 onun yürütdüyü siyas\u0259tin t\u0259r\u0259fdarlar\u0131 v\u0259 \u0259leyhdarlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda daimi mübariz\u0259y\u0259 g\u0259tirib ç\u0131xar\u0131b.
\nManna siyas\u0259t kursunu d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259k üçün sui-q\u0259sdl\u0259r edilir, mövcud hökmdarlar hakimiyy\u0259td\u0259n sal\u0131n\u0131r v\u0259 özl\u0259rin\u0259 yarayanlar hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 g\u0259tirilirdi. Sui-q\u0259sdl\u0259rin ba\u015f\u0131nda çox zaman hökmdar\u0131n o\u011flu v\u0259 ya qarda\u015f\u0131 dururdu. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, A\u015f\u015fur t\u0259r\u0259fdar\u0131 olan Azan\u0131 Urartu il\u0259 mütt\u0259fiqlikd\u0259 olan qarda\u015fl\u0131 Ullusunu hakimiyy\u0259td\u0259n sal\u0131b. Eyni zamanda. II Sarqonun m\u0259lumat\u0131ndan görünür ki, Ullusunu "özünün böyükl\u0259ri, cani\u015finl\u0259ri ölk\u0259sini idar\u0259 ed\u0259n zad\u0259ganlar\u0131" y\u0259ni hökmdar hakimiyy\u0259ti m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131ran a\u011fsaqallar \u015furas\u0131 say\u0131lanlarla birlikd\u0259 II Sarqonu qar\u015f\u0131lama\u011fa ç\u0131x\u0131blar. Biz\u0259 bel\u0259 g\u0259lir ki, art\u0131q h\u0259min dövrd\u0259 a\u011fsaqallar \u015furas\u0131n\u0131n tabeliyind\u0259n azad olma\u011fa çal\u0131\u015fan, "onun ölk\u0259ssini idar\u0259 ed\u0259n cani\u015finl\u0259rin v\u0259 ba\u015fç\u0131lar\u0131n" s\u0259rb\u0259stlik c\u0259hdl\u0259ri s\u0131x\u0131\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r v\u0259 m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131, onlar art\u0131q özl\u0259rin\u0259 tabe \u0259razil\u0259rd\u0259 el\u0259 bir müst\u0259qil hakimiyy\u0259t\u0259 malik deyildil\u0259r. Yuxar\u0131da göst\u0259ril\u0259n m\u0259lumatla II Sarqon qeyd etm\u0259k ist\u0259yir ki, Ullusunun özünün bütün qohum-\u0259qr\u0259bas\u0131 v\u0259 Manna zad\u0259ganlar\u0131 il\u0259 onu qar\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131 ona öz hörm\u0259t dostlu\u011funu göst\u0259rm\u0259k idi. m\u0259tnin ad\u0131ndan m\u0259lumdur ki, Ullusunu özünün t\u0259hlük\u0259sizliyini t\u0259min etm\u0259k üçün h\u0259tta girov da götürmür, \u0259ksin\u0259 II sarqon üçün özünün böyük o\u011fluna h\u0259diyy\u0259l\u0259r verm\u0259yi tap\u015f\u0131r\u0131r. T.A.Melimki\u015fvilinin fikrinc\u0259, Manna hökmdar o\u011fullar\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u015furlara girov verilm\u0259si fakt\u0131 Manna hökmdarlar\u0131n\u0131n da suveren hakiml\u0259r oldu\u011funu göst\u0259rirl\u0259r. Manna dövl\u0259ti özünün bütün sah\u0259l\u0259ri boyunca müdafi\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cbur olmu\u015f v\u0259 b\u0259zi dövrl\u0259rd\u0259 bu mübariz\u0259l\u0259r çox güman ki, onu çox z\u0259ifl\u0259tmi\u015fdir. Lakin el\u0259 dövrl\u0259r d\u0259 olmu\u015fdur ki, Manna güclü qon\u015fu dövl\u0259tl\u0259r aras\u0131nda ged\u0259n ç\u0259ki\u015fm\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n v\u0259 onlar\u0131n daxili v\u0259ziyy\u0259tl\u0259rinin a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fmas\u0131ndan faydalanaraq öz \u0259razisini b\u0259rpa ed\u0259 v\u0259 geni\u015fl\u0259ndir\u0259 bilmi\u015fdir.
\nManna özünün \u0259n parlaq çiç\u0259kl\u0259nm\u0259 dövrün\u0259, görünür hökmdar \u0130ranzunun s\u0259l\u0259fl\u0259ri v\u0259 onun öz hakimiyy\u0259tinin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 çat\u0131r. \u0130ranzunun s\u0259l\u0259fl\u0259rinin adlar\u0131 biz\u0259 m\u0259lum deyildir. Bel\u0259 ki, h\u0259min dövrd\u0259 Manna il\u0259 daha çox toqqu\u015fan Urartu hökmdar\u0131 öz kitab\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 Manna hökmdarlar\u0131n\u0131n adlar\u0131n\u0131 ç\u0259kmirl\u0259r. Onlar ümumiyy\u0259tl\u0259r nadir hallarda öz r\u0259qibl\u0259rinin adlar\u0131n\u0131 ç\u0259kirl\u0259r. Lakin h\u0259min \u0131dövrd\u0259 Mannan\u0131n Krartu \u0259leyhin\u0259 hücuma keçm\u0259si fakt\u0131n\u0131n özü Mannan\u0131n gücl\u0259ndiyini göst\u0259rir. Buna A\u015f\u015furunMannada h\u0259rbi \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar aparmas\u0131 da \u015f\u0259rait yarad\u0131rd\u0131. A\u015f\u015fur hökmdar\u0131 III Tiqlatpalasar art\u0131q A\u015f\u015furu xeyli d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 narahat ed\u0259n midiyal\u0131larla mübariz\u0259 il\u0259 m\u0259\u015f\u011ful idi. III Tiqlatpalasar\u0131n e.\u0259. 744 v\u0259 e.\u0259. 737-ci ill\u0259rd\u0259 midiyal\u0131lar \u0259leyhin\u0259 apard\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u0259rbi yürü\u015f mar\u015frutlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130.M.Dyaknov t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n apar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f t\u0259hlili göst\u0259rir ki, bu yürü\u015fl\u0259rin yollar\u0131 Mannan\u0131n \u015f\u0259rq s\u0259rh\u0259dl\u0259ri boyunca keçmi\u015f, lakin onun \u0259razisin\u0259 toxunmam\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.
\nBu mannan\u0131n bir h\u0259rbi qüvv\u0259 kimi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259, onun A\u015f\u015fur il\u0259 dostluq münasib\u0259tl\u0259rini göst\u0259rir. III Tiqlatpalasar h\u0259min dövrd\u0259 Urartu il\u0259 d\u0259 mübariz\u0259 apar\u0131rd\u0131 v\u0259 bu mübari\u0259d\u0259 sonuncunun z\u0259ifl\u0259m\u0259i n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 Mannan\u0131n v\u0259ziy\u0259ti yüngüll\u0259\u015firdi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dövl\u0259tin ba\u015f\u0131nda irsi haikmiyy\u0259t\u0259 malik hökmdar dururdu Manna ikimeylli xarici siyas\u0259t mövcud idi. Bir qrup Assuriya il\u0259 ittifaqa meyl göst\u0259rir, bununla da Manna torpaqlar\u0131n\u0131n bütövlüyünü saxlay\u0131r v\u0259 Urartunun i\u015f\u011falç\u0131l\u0131q niyy\u0259tl\u0259rin\u0259…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":251278,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35246","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-esas"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35246","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=35246"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35246\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/251278"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=35246"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=35246"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=35246"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}