{"id":35088,"date":"2016-07-04T19:23:26","date_gmt":"2016-07-04T15:23:26","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T20:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/?p=35088","title":{"rendered":"Az\u0259rbaycan d\u00f6vl\u0259t\u00e7iliyinin tarixi \u00e7ox q\u0259dim zamanlardan ba\u015flan\u0131r"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dövl\u0259tçilik tarixi-ictimai m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tin \u0259n yüks\u0259k formas\u0131d\u0131r<\/strong><\/p>\n

Az\u0259rbaycan  dövl\u0259tçiliyinin tarixi çox q\u0259dim zamanlardan ba\u015flan\u0131r. Dövl\u0259tçilik \u0259n\u0259n\u0259si q\u0259dim oldu\u011fundan xalq yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, xalq dü\u015fünc\u0259 v\u0259 davran\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, ictimai-siyasi \u0259xlaqda sabit m\u0259n\u0259vi d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259r yaran\u0131b, müxt\u0259lif folklor janrlar\u0131nda ifad\u0259 olunub. Folklor bir t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n dövl\u0259tçiliyin m\u0259n\u0259vi \u0259saslar\u0131n\u0131 möhk\u0259ml\u0259ndirm\u0259y\u0259 xidm\u0259t edib, onu müxt\u0259lif obraz, süjet v\u0259 motivl\u0259rd\u0259 xalq yadda\u015f\u0131na köçürüb, dig\u0259r t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n onun f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259sini v\u0259 estetikas\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlay\u0131b. Dövl\u0259t gerç\u0259k olmazdan önc\u0259 o, xalq\u0131n arzu v\u0259 ist\u0259kl\u0259rind\u0259, dü\u015fünc\u0259 v\u0259 x\u0259yallar\u0131nda yaran\u0131r v\u0259 uy\u011fun tarixi \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259 geç\u0259kl\u0259\u015fir. \u0130cma, ail\u0259 v\u0259 tayfa m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tinin v\u0259 bu m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti xalq hafiz\u0259sind\u0259 ya\u015fadan folklorun dövl\u0259tçilikd\u0259 xüsusi rolu olur. Bu bar\u0259d\u0259 filologiya üzr\u0259 f\u0259ls\u0259f\u0259 doktoru A\u011faverdi X\u0259lil bildirib. Onun sözl\u0259rin\u0259 gör\u0259, etnik-milli özünüt\u0259\u015fkilin \u0259n nikbin yolu folklorda mövcud olan m\u0259n\u0259vi d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259n keçir. Ba\u015fqa sözl\u0259, folklorunda dövl\u0259tçilik ideyas\u0131 olan xalq\u0131n dövl\u0259t qurmas\u0131 da asanl\u0131qla ba\u015f verir. "Çünki folklor dövl\u0259tçiliyin m\u0259n\u0259vi \u0259sas\u0131d\u0131r. Folklor irsini yadda\u015f\u0131nda v\u0259 davran\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fadan xalq dövl\u0259tçilik t\u0259crüb\u0259sind\u0259 sosial harmoniyan\u0131 t\u0259min etm\u0259k üçün ç\u0259tinlik ç\u0259kmir. Onu da qeyd ed\u0259k ki, folklor ayr\u0131-ayr\u0131 janrlarda gerç\u0259kl\u0259\u015f\u0259n m\u0259tnl\u0259r olmaqla yana\u015f\u0131 xalq dü\u015fünc\u0259sinin v\u0259 h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131n bütün sah\u0259l\u0259rini \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n sabit m\u0259n\u0259vi d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259r sistemidir. Milli folklor milli dü\u015fünc\u0259nin v\u0259 davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n t\u0259kc\u0259 t\u0259zahür formas\u0131 deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 onun modell\u0259\u015fdirici sistemi, ba\u015fqa sözl\u0259, dü\u015fünc\u0259 v\u0259 davran\u0131\u015f t\u0259rzidir".  A\u011faverdi X\u0259lil bildirib ki. dövl\u0259tçilik d\u0259 bu dü\u015fünc\u0259 v\u0259 davran\u0131\u015f ç\u0259rçiv\u0259sind\u0259 gerç\u0259kl\u0259\u015fir. Onun sözl\u0259rin\u0259 gör\u0259, dövl\u0259tçilik tarixi-ictimai m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tin \u0259n yüks\u0259k formas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259t\u0259 sahib olmayan xalqlar milli varl\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 qoruya bilm\u0259mi\u015fl\u0259r. Bu m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tin v\u0259 \u0259n\u0259n\u0259nin qorunmas\u0131n\u0131 is\u0259 folklor, yadda\u015f, xalq\u0131n m\u0259n\u0259vi bütövlüyünü t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259n ehtiyatlar t\u0259min edir. Bu m\u0259nada folklor v\u0259 dövl\u0259tçilik bir-birin\u0259 s\u0131x sur\u0259td\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131, üzvi v\u0259hd\u0259t t\u0259\u015fkil ed\u0259n m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rdir. \u018fg\u0259r m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259y\u0259 geni\u015f prizmadan bax\u0131lsa dövl\u0259tçilik d\u0259 xalq yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir formas\u0131 götürül\u0259 bil\u0259r. C\u0259miyy\u0259t düny\u0259vi qanunlara zaman-zaman uy\u011funla\u015f\u0131r, amma milli \u0259xlaqa, milli \u0259n\u0259n\u0259y\u0259 v\u0259 milli davran\u0131\u015fa zidd olmayan qanunlar ictimai münasib\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 d\u0259rhal öz t\u0259sdiqini tap\u0131r. B\u0259z\u0259n “yaz\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f qanunlar” ifad\u0259si i\u015fl\u0259dilir. Bu \u0259slind\u0259 etnik ictimai davran\u0131\u015f v\u0259 milli \u0259xlaq normas\u0131n\u0131n müasir qanunlarda öz \u0259ksini tapmayan hiss\u0259sidir. Bu h\u0259m d\u0259 \u0259n\u0259n\u0259d\u0259 formala\u015fm\u0131\u015f xalq demokratiyas\u0131n\u0131n müasir hüquqdan v\u0259 qanundan geni\u015fliyi v\u0259 üstünlüyüdür.
\nA\u011faverdi X\u0259lilin sözl\u0259rin\u0259 gör\u0259, xalq\u0131m\u0131z milli müst\u0259qil, hüquqi, demokratik dövl\u0259t quruculu\u011fu prosesini ya\u015fay\u0131r. Dövl\u0259timizin v\u0259 dövl\u0259tçiliyimizin möhk\u0259ml\u0259ndirilm\u0259si üçün milli dövl\u0259tçilik \u0259n\u0259n\u0259mizin tarixin\u0259 v\u0259 onun folklorda gerç\u0259kl\u0259\u015f\u0259n m\u0259n\u0259vi m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rinin t\u0259svirin\u0259 v\u0259 t\u0259hlilin\u0259 d\u0259 diqq\u0259t art\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Tarixd\u0259n türkl\u0259rin qurdu\u011fu böyük Hun imperatorlu\u011fu, X\u0259z\u0259r xaqanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Göytürk imperatorlu\u011fu, O\u011fuz-S\u0259lcuq imperatorlu\u011fu, Osmanl\u0131 imperatorlu\u011fu, Qaraxanl\u0131 dövl\u0259ti, Bulqar dövl\u0259ti, Uy\u011fur dövl\u0259ti v\u0259 b. m\u0259lumdur. Türk xalqlar\u0131ndan biri kimi, biz bu dövl\u0259tl\u0259rin, onlar\u0131n yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 z\u0259ngin dövl\u0259tçilik m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tinin varisl\u0259riyik. Bununla yana\u015f\u0131 \u015eirvan\u015fahlar dövl\u0259ti, A\u011fqoyunlu dövl\u0259ti, Qaraqoyunlu dövl\u0259ti, S\u0259f\u0259vi dövl\u0259ti kimi Az\u0259rbaycan dövl\u0259tl\u0259ri mövcud olub. Bunlar\u0131n h\u0259r birinin milli dövl\u0259tçilik tariximizd\u0259 xüsusi xidm\u0259tl\u0259ri olub.
\nAz\u0259rbaycan \u0259razisind\u0259 mövcud olmu\u015f Manna dövl\u0259ti (eram\u0131zdan \u0259vv\u0259l IX-VII \u0259srl\u0259r), Atropatena dövl\u0259ti (eram\u0131zdan \u0259vv\u0259l IV \u0259sr-eram\u0131z\u0131n II \u0259sri) d\u0259 bu \u0259n\u0259n\u0259y\u0259 öz töhf\u0259l\u0259rini verib. Paytaxt\u0131 Q\u0259b\u0259l\u0259 olan Qafqaz Albaniyas\u0131 dövl\u0259ti eram\u0131zdan \u0259vv\u0259l IV \u0259srd\u0259 yaran\u0131b. Tarixd\u0259n m\u0259lum oldu\u011fu kimi, Az\u0259rbaycan\u0131n dövl\u0259tçilik \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259ri çox z\u0259ngindir. T\u0259dqiqatç\u0131lar\u0131n mülahiz\u0259sin\u0259 gör\u0259, “bu \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259r öz ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 dili v\u0259 m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259ti il\u0259 türk xalqlar\u0131na yax\u0131n olan \u015fumerl\u0259rd\u0259n götürür. M\u0259\u015fhur \u015fumer\u015fünas S.N.Kramer “Tarix \u015eumerd\u0259n ba\u015flan\u0131r” \u0259s\u0259rind\u0259 yaz\u0131r: “B\u0259\u015f\u0259riyy\u0259tin \u0259n q\u0259dim tarixind\u0259 “parlament demokratiyas\u0131” il\u0259 rastla\u015f\u0131r\u0131q. \u015eumer dövl\u0259tini parlament idar\u0259 edirdi: 1.Atalar – a\u011fsaqqallar – senat say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. 2. \u015e\u0259h\u0259r \u0259rl\u0259ri, orduda qulluq ed\u0259nl\u0259r – parlamentin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 palatas\u0131 hesab olunur”. Müt\u0259r\u0259qqi dövl\u0259tçilik \u0259n\u0259n\u0259l\u0259ri sonrak\u0131 dövrl\u0259rd\u0259 d\u0259 davam v\u0259 inki\u015faf etdirilib.
\nC\u0259miyy\u0259t h\u0259mi\u015f\u0259 sosial rifah v\u0259 \u0259dal\u0259tli idar\u0259çilik haqq\u0131nda dü\u015fünüb. Xalq\u0131n dü\u015fünc\u0259 v\u0259 arzular\u0131 \u0259dal\u0259tli hökmdar ideyas\u0131n\u0131 do\u011furub. H\u0259r \u015feyi r\u0259hb\u0259rind\u0259n gözl\u0259y\u0259n xalq bir çox hallarda onu müq\u0259dd\u0259sl\u0259\u015fdirib v\u0259 mütl\u0259ql\u0259\u015fdirib. Bu dü\u015fünc\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259 folklorda ifad\u0259 olunub, xalq içind\u0259 d\u0259, saraylarda da dövl\u0259tçiliyin m\u0259n\u0259vi m\u0259lumat d\u0259st\u0259yi, onu kamill\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n \u0259sas faktor kimi ç\u0131x\u0131\u015f edib. Xalq\u0131n sonsuz sevgisi oldu\u011fu kimi, nifr\u0259ti d\u0259 kükr\u0259y\u0259nd\u0259 hüdudsuz olur. Bu özünü hakimiyy\u0259tl\u0259 xalq, elita il\u0259 kütl\u0259 aras\u0131ndak\u0131 sosial m\u0259saf\u0259nin çoxal\u0131b maksimum s\u0259viyy\u0259y\u0259 çatd\u0131\u011f\u0131 m\u0259qamlarda daha çox t\u0259zahür etdirir. Dövl\u0259tçiliyin sars\u0131lmas\u0131 da m\u0259hz bu zaman ba\u015flan\u0131r. \u0130dar\u0259çiliyi mük\u0259mm\u0259l olmayan hökmdarlar xalq yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda “zal\u0131m pad\u015fah” kateqoriyas\u0131na aid edilir. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, Sultan S\u0259nc\u0259r “zülümkar”, \u015eah Abbas “c\u0259nn\u0259tm\u0259kan” epitetl\u0259ri il\u0259 yadda\u015flarda qal\u0131b. Dövl\u0259tçilik m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259timizi \u0259ks etdir\u0259n folklor qar\u0131\u015f\u0131q yaz\u0131l\u0131 abid\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 ya xalis folklor nümun\u0259l\u0259ri dig\u0259r istiqam\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131 h\u0259m d\u0259 bu yönümd\u0259 m\u0259hz dövl\u0259tçiliyimizin monolitliyi namin\u0259 öyr\u0259nilm\u0259lidir.
\nOnun sözl\u0259rin\u0259 gör\u0259, q\u0259dim dövl\u0259tçilik m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259timizin \u0259ks olundu\u011fu yaz\u0131l\u0131 abid\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n biri türkologiyada “Orxon-Yenisey yaz\u0131lar\u0131” ad\u0131 il\u0259 m\u0259\u015fhur olan da\u015f kitab\u0259l\u0259rdir. “552-ci ild\u0259 Göytürk imperiyas\u0131 yarad\u0131ld\u0131. Bu imperiya o vaxtad\u0259k Orta Asiyada qurulmu\u015f dövl\u0259tl\u0259rin \u0259n böyüyü idi. Bugünki m\u0259lumatlar\u0131m\u0131za gör\u0259, türk dilin\u0259 aid xatir\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259 Göytürk imperiyas\u0131 dövrün\u0259 aiddir. Bu xatir\u0259l\u0259ri ba\u015fl\u0131ca olaraq q\u0259birüstü kitab\u0259l\u0259r t\u0259\u015fkil edir. Bunlar Orxon v\u0259 Yenisey kitab\u0259l\u0259ri olmaq üzr\u0259 iki qism\u0259 ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Orxon kitab\u0259l\u0259ri VIII \u0259srin yadigar\u0131d\u0131r. Yeniseyd\u0259kil\u0259rin is\u0259 daha \u0259vv\u0259l, qüvv\u0259tli ehtimala, VII \u0259srd\u0259 yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u0259xmin edilir. O\u011fuz ad\u0131na da ilk d\u0259f\u0259 el\u0259 Yenisey kitab\u0259l\u0259rinin birind\u0259 rast g\u0259lirik”.
\nGöytürk dövl\u0259tinin taxt\u0131nda oturan \u015f\u0259xs ka\u011fan “xaqan”, onun arvad\u0131 katun “xatun” adlan\u0131r. Dövl\u0259tin idar\u0259si iki qola bölünür: dövl\u0259tin q\u0259rb buda\u011f\u0131n\u0131 idar\u0259 ed\u0259n adam yab\u011fu (\u0259r\u0259b m\u0259nb\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259: c\u0259b\u011fu), \u015f\u0259rq buda\u011f\u0131n\u0131 idar\u0259 ed\u0259n adam \u015fad adlan\u0131r. Xaqan\u0131n o\u011fullar\u0131 (\u015fahzad\u0259l\u0259r) tigin adlan\u0131r, onlar\u0131n arvadlar\u0131na is\u0259 kunçuy deyirl\u0259r. Xaqandan sonra \u0259n böyük rütb\u0259 xan say\u0131l\u0131r. Görünür, xan mü\u0259yy\u0259n q\u0259bil\u0259 birlikl\u0259rinin r\u0259hb\u0259ridir. Orxon-Yenisey abid\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 xanlar bar\u0259d\u0259 az dan\u0131\u015f\u0131lsa da, b\u0259yl\u0259r haqq\u0131nda çoxlu m\u0259lumat var. Görünür, b\u0259y \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259r h\u0259rbi i\u015fl\u0259rl\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dar \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259n rütb\u0259 ad\u0131 olub, lakin sonralar b\u0259yl\u0259r\u0259 \u0259mlak (adam, torpaq, ilx\u0131, mal-qara v\u0259 s.) ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, b\u0259ylik imtiyazlar\u0131 v\u0259r\u0259s\u0259lik yolu il\u0259 keçib. Abid\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 b\u0259z\u0259n b\u0259yl\u0259r\u0259 xaqan ad\u0131 verilm\u0259si haqq\u0131nda fikirl\u0259r\u0259 d\u0259 t\u0259sadüf edilir: “Bars b\u0259g erti, ka\u011fan at bunta biz birtimiz- Bars b\u0259y idi, xaqan ad\u0131 burada biz verdik”.
\nAz\u0259rbaycan c\u0259miyy\u0259tind\u0259 b\u0259ylik institutu uzun müdd\u0259t ya\u015fay\u0131b. C\u0259miyy\u0259tin siyasi, m\u0259n\u0259vi, dini r\u0259hb\u0259rind\u0259n zad\u0259ganl\u0131q institutuna q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259yi\u015fib.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dövl\u0259tçilik tarixi-ictimai m\u0259d\u0259niyy\u0259tin \u0259n yüks\u0259k formas\u0131d\u0131r Az\u0259rbaycan  dövl\u0259tçiliyinin tarixi çox q\u0259dim zamanlardan ba\u015flan\u0131r. Dövl\u0259tçilik \u0259n\u0259n\u0259si q\u0259dim oldu\u011fundan xalq yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, xalq dü\u015fünc\u0259 v\u0259 davran\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, ictimai-siyasi \u0259xlaqda sabit m\u0259n\u0259vi d\u0259y\u0259rl\u0259r yaran\u0131b, müxt\u0259lif…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":251278,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35088","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-esas"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35088","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=35088"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35088\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/251278"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=35088"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=35088"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=35088"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}