{"id":240242,"date":"2026-03-12T10:14:22","date_gmt":"2026-03-12T06:14:22","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T20:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/?p=240242","title":{"rendered":"Duz niy\u0259 duzlu, \u015f\u0259k\u0259r is\u0259 \u015firindir:"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u015eorban\u0131za bir çimdik duz, çay\u0131n\u0131za is\u0259 bir qa\u015f\u0131q \u015f\u0259k\u0259r \u0259lav\u0259 edirsiniz v\u0259 d\u0259rhal f\u0259rqi hiss edirsiniz. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Ucnoqta.az bildirir ki, biri duzlu, dig\u0259ri \u015firindir v\u0259 bu, öz-özün\u0259 ayd\u0131n görünür. Amma dü\u015füns\u0259niz, niy\u0259 ox\u015far görün\u0259n iki a\u011f kristal dild\u0259 tamamil\u0259 f\u0259rqli hissl\u0259r yarad\u0131r? Cavab gözl\u0259diyinizd\u0259n daha maraql\u0131 olur. 
\nDilin dad\u0131 nec\u0259 hiss etdiyi<\/strong>
\nDilimizin s\u0259thi kiçik qabarc\u0131qlarla örtülmü\u015fdür – bunlar dad qönç\u0259l\u0259ri olan dad qönç\u0259l\u0259ridir v\u0259 bu da öz növb\u0259sind\u0259 dad qönç\u0259l\u0259rini ehtiva edir. Sad\u0259 dill\u0259 des\u0259k, dad qönç\u0259l\u0259ri a\u011fz\u0131n\u0131za daxil olan h\u0259r \u015feyin kimy\u0259vi t\u0259rkibini a\u015fkar ed\u0259n mikroskopik "sensorlard\u0131r". Yetkin bir insan\u0131n dilind\u0259 2000 il\u0259 4000 aras\u0131nda bu reseptor var. H\u0259r bir dad reseptorunda 30-50 dad hüceyr\u0259si var v\u0259 bunlar\u0131n ham\u0131s\u0131 eyni vaxtda beyin\u0259 siqnal gönd\u0259rir.<\/p>\n

Be\u015f \u0259sas dad var: \u015firin, duzlu, tur\u015f, ac\u0131 v\u0259 umami. Umami protein qidalar\u0131n\u0131n v\u0259 monosodyum qlütamat\u0131n qavran\u0131lmas\u0131ndan m\u0259suldur. Dad qönç\u0259sind\u0259ki dad qönç\u0259si qida molekulu il\u0259 t\u0259masda olduqda, beyin\u0259 bir siqnal gönd\u0259rir: dad a\u015fkarlan\u0131r! Daha sonra beyin siqnal\u0131 keçmi\u015f t\u0259crüb\u0259 il\u0259 müqayis\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k tam olaraq n\u0259 yediyiniz\u0259 q\u0259rar verir.<\/p>\n

\u018fslind\u0259, f\u0259rqli dadlar\u0131 qavramaq mexanizml\u0259ri kökünd\u0259n f\u0259rqlidir. Duzlu v\u0259 tur\u015f dadlar ion kanallar\u0131 vasit\u0259sil\u0259 qavran\u0131l\u0131r, \u015firin, ac\u0131 v\u0259 umami is\u0259 G-zülal\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259li reseptorlar t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n tan\u0131n\u0131r. \u0130\u015fl\u0259r burada maraql\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n

Duzun dad\u0131 niy\u0259 duzludur?<\/strong>
\nSüfr\u0259 duzu natrium xloriddir (NaCl). EduRev-\u0259 gör\u0259, duz kristal\u0131 tüpürc\u0259kd\u0259 h\u0259ll olduqda iki iona parçalan\u0131r: müsb\u0259t yüklü natrium (Na\u207a) v\u0259 m\u0259nfi yüklü xlorid (Cl\u207b). Duzluluq hissi üçün m\u0259sul olan natrium ionudur.<\/p>\n

Süfr\u0259 duzunun duzlu dad\u0131 \u0259sas\u0259n natrium ionu (Na\u207a) t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n mü\u0259yy\u0259n edilir. Bu ion dad hüceyr\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 s\u0259thind\u0259ki xüsusi natrium kanallar\u0131 vasit\u0259sil\u0259 daxil olur. Hüceyr\u0259nin iç\u0259risin\u0259 daxil olduqdan sonra natrium ionlar\u0131 depolyarizasiyaya – membran\u0131n elektrik yükünd\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fiklik\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olur. Bu da öz növb\u0259sind\u0259 beynin "duzlu" kimi \u015f\u0259rh etdiyi sinir siqnallar\u0131 z\u0259ncirini t\u0259tikl\u0259yir.<\/p>\n

Amma t\u0259\u0259ccüblü olan budur: duz konsentrasiyas\u0131 dad qavray\u0131\u015f\u0131nda böyük rol oynay\u0131r. M\u0259hlulun üstünlük veril\u0259n konsentrasiyas\u0131 t\u0259xmin\u0259n 100 mM-dir v\u0259 bu konsentrasiyada biz tan\u0131\u015f duzlulu\u011fu hiss edirik. Lakin, 500 mM-d\u0259n yuxar\u0131 konsentrasiyalarda duz ac\u0131 v\u0259 ya tur\u015f, çox a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 konsentrasiyalarda is\u0259 10 mM-d\u0259n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 konsentrasiyalarda is\u0259 \u015firin kimi q\u0259bul edil\u0259 bil\u0259r! B\u0259li, düz e\u015fitdiniz – adi süfr\u0259 duzunun çox z\u0259if m\u0259hlulu \u015firin dad verir.<\/p>\n

Niy\u0259 \u015f\u0259k\u0259r \u015firin dad verir?<\/strong>
\n\u015eirin dad tamamil\u0259 f\u0259rqli \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259yir. Qidaya \u0259lav\u0259 etdiyimiz \u015f\u0259k\u0259r mür\u0259kk\u0259b karbohidrat molekulu olan saxarozad\u0131r. Duzdan f\u0259rqli olaraq, o, ionlara parçalanm\u0131r. Bunun \u0259v\u0259zin\u0259, saxaroza molekulu bütövlükd\u0259 dad hüceyr\u0259l\u0259rinin s\u0259thind\u0259ki xüsusi reseptor zülal\u0131 il\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 t\u0259sir göst\u0259rir.<\/p>\n

\u015e\u0259k\u0259r v\u0259 dadland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar T1R2\/T1R3 \u015firin dad reseptorunu stimulla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r v\u0259 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ax\u0131n siqnal yollar\u0131n\u0131 aktivl\u0259\u015fdirir. Sad\u0259 dill\u0259 des\u0259k, \u015firin dad reseptoru kilid kimidir v\u0259 \u015f\u0259k\u0259r molekulu ona uy\u011fun açard\u0131r. Açar daxil edildikd\u0259n sonra hüceyr\u0259nin iç\u0259risind\u0259 G zülallar\u0131n\u0131 \u0259hat\u0259 ed\u0259n biokimy\u0259vi reaksiyalar kaskad\u0131 tetiklenir v\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 neyrotransmitterl\u0259rin s\u0259rb\u0259st burax\u0131lmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olur. Bu neyrotransmitterl\u0259r beyin\u0259 siqnal ötürür: "\u015firin!"<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u015eorban\u0131za bir çimdik duz, çay\u0131n\u0131za is\u0259 bir qa\u015f\u0131q \u015f\u0259k\u0259r \u0259lav\u0259 edirsiniz v\u0259 d\u0259rhal f\u0259rqi hiss edirsiniz.  Ucnoqta.az bildirir ki, biri duzlu, dig\u0259ri \u015firindir v\u0259 bu, öz-özün\u0259 ayd\u0131n görünür. Amma dü\u015füns\u0259niz,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":251278,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[97],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-240242","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-maraqli"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/240242","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=240242"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/240242\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/251278"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=240242"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=240242"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=240242"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}