{"id":240087,"date":"2026-03-10T09:10:06","date_gmt":"2026-03-10T05:10:06","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T20:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/?p=240087","title":{"rendered":"Niy\u0259 tutuqu\u015fular insan kimi dan\u0131\u015f\u0131r:"},"content":{"rendered":"

Heç dü\u015fünmüsünüzmü ki, tutuqu\u015funuz niy\u0259 "salam" dey\u0259 bilir, halbuki ill\u0259rdir sizinl\u0259 yan-yana ya\u015fayan bir it v\u0259 ya pi\u015fik dey\u0259 bilmir? Görünür, m\u0259m\u0259lil\u0259r beyin qurulu\u015funa gör\u0259 biz\u0259 daha yax\u0131nd\u0131rlar. Lakin yüz milyonlarla il \u0259vv\u0259l t\u0259kamül n\u0259slimizd\u0259n ayr\u0131lan qu\u015flar planetd\u0259ki dig\u0259r heyvanlardan daha yax\u015f\u0131 insan nitqini m\u0259nims\u0259yibl\u0259r. 
\nHans\u0131 qu\u015flar dan\u0131\u015fa bil\u0259r?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dan\u0131\u015fan qu\u015flara g\u0259ldikd\u0259, a\u011fla g\u0259l\u0259n ilk \u015fey tutuqu\u015fudur. \u018fslind\u0259, insan nitqini t\u0259qlid etm\u0259k qabiliyy\u0259ti üç \u0259laq\u0259li olmayan qu\u015f qrupunun üzvl\u0259rind\u0259 olur: tutuqu\u015fular, oxuyan qu\u015flar (keçici qu\u015flar) v\u0259 kolibril\u0259r. Bu fenomen s\u0259s öyr\u0259nm\u0259si adlan\u0131r v\u0259 heyvanlar al\u0259mind\u0259 inan\u0131lmaz d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 nadirdir. <\/p>\n

Ucnoqta.az x\u0259b\u0259r verir ki, “Popular Science”\u0259 gör\u0259, 10.000-d\u0259n çox qu\u015f növünd\u0259n yaln\u0131z bir neç\u0259 yüzü h\u0259qiq\u0259t\u0259n t\u0259qlidçil\u0259rdir.
\nRekord q\u0131ranlar aras\u0131nda Afrika boz tutuqu\u015fusu (African grey papa\u011fan\u0131), hind mynas\u0131, s\u0131\u011f\u0131rç\u0131nlar v\u0259 t\u0259\u0259ccüblüdür ki, b\u0259zi qar\u011falar var. T\u0259dqiqatç\u0131 \u0130rene Pepperberq t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n ara\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lan Afrika boz tutuqu\u015fusu Aleks 100-d\u0259n çox söz bilirdi v\u0259 r\u0259ng, forma v\u0259 obyektl\u0259rin say\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 suallar\u0131 cavabland\u0131ra bilirdi. Bu, sad\u0259c\u0259 t\u0259krar deyildi: qu\u015f konteksti ba\u015fa dü\u015fürdü.<\/p>\n

M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, toyuqlar v\u0259 göy\u0259rçinl\u0259r, insanlarla geni\u015f \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 baxmayaraq, bir k\u0259lm\u0259 d\u0259 öyr\u0259n\u0259 bilmirl\u0259r. Onlar\u0131n beyinl\u0259rind\u0259 sad\u0259c\u0259 laz\u0131mi strukturlar yoxdur. M\u0259lum olur ki, dan\u0131\u015fmaq qabiliyy\u0259ti insanlara yax\u0131nl\u0131q m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259si deyil, neyron arxitekturas\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259sidir.<\/p>\n

Tutuqu\u015fular niy\u0259 sözl\u0259ri t\u0259krarlay\u0131rlar?
\nV\u0259h\u015fi t\u0259bi\u0259td\u0259 tutuqu\u015fular s\u0259ssiz deyill\u0259r. Onlar bir-biri il\u0259 mür\u0259kk\u0259b s\u0259sl\u0259nm\u0259, fit v\u0259 klik sistemi vasit\u0259sil\u0259 ünsiyy\u0259t qururlar. Amma bir problem var: sürüd\u0259ki h\u0259r bir tutuqu\u015fu s\u0259sl\u0259rini h\u0259mya\u015f\u0131dlar\u0131ndan öyr\u0259nir. Cüc\u0259 öz qrupunun "dilini" bilm\u0259kl\u0259 do\u011fulmur; o, yetkin qu\u015flar\u0131n s\u0259sini dinl\u0259m\u0259kl\u0259 onu m\u0259nims\u0259yir. Bu, tutuqu\u015fular\u0131, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, do\u011fu\u015fdan b\u0259ri mahn\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 bil\u0259n ququ qu\u015flar\u0131ndan \u0259sasl\u0131 \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 f\u0259rql\u0259ndirir.<\/p>\n

Tutuqu\u015fu özünü insan evind\u0259 tapd\u0131qda, sahibini sürünün üzvü kimi q\u0259bul edir. V\u0259 o, v\u0259h\u015fi t\u0259bi\u0259td\u0259 ed\u0259c\u0259yini etm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131r: sosial qrupa "uy\u011funla\u015fmaq" üçün \u0259trafdak\u0131 s\u0259sl\u0259ri kopyalay\u0131r. Tutuqu\u015fu üçün insan nitqi sad\u0259c\u0259 "sürü l\u0259hc\u0259sinin" ba\u015fqa bir formas\u0131d\u0131r. Buna gör\u0259 qu\u015flar tez-tez emosional v\u0259 tez-tez deyil\u0259n sözl\u0259ri t\u0259krarlay\u0131rlar: adlar, salamlar, l\u0259n\u0259tl\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Maraql\u0131d\u0131r ki, tutuqu\u015fular konteksti ay\u0131rd ed\u0259 bilirl\u0259r. T\u0259dqiqatlar göst\u0259rir ki, b\u0259zi Afrika boz tutuqu\u015fular\u0131 xüsusil\u0259 imtina v\u0259ziyy\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259 "yox" sözünü, yem\u0259k gördükd\u0259 is\u0259 "ist\u0259m\u0259k" sözünü istifad\u0259 edirl\u0259r. Bu, qrammatikan\u0131n 100% ba\u015fa dü\u015fülm\u0259si deyil, eyni zamanda m\u0259nas\u0131z t\u0259krardan da uzaqd\u0131r. Müqayis\u0259 üçün, heyvanlar al\u0259minin ziyal\u0131lar\u0131 hesab edil\u0259n v\u0259 h\u0259tta h\u0259rbi t\u0259tbiql\u0259rd\u0259 istifad\u0259 edil\u0259n delfinl\u0259r s\u0259s aparatlar\u0131n\u0131n qurulu\u015funa gör\u0259 fiziki olaraq insan sözl\u0259rini çoxalda bilmirl\u0259r. Tutuqu\u015fular\u0131n bununla heç bir problemi yoxdur: onlar\u0131n sirinksi (qu\u015flar\u0131n s\u0259s orqan\u0131) inan\u0131lmaz d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259d\u0259 çevikdir.<\/p>\n

Qu\u015flarda nitqd\u0259n hans\u0131 genl\u0259r m\u0259suldur?
\n2014-cü ild\u0259 beyn\u0259lxalq aliml\u0259r qrupu geni\u015fmiqyasl\u0131 genom t\u0259dqiqat\u0131 apard\u0131 v\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259ri Science jurnal\u0131nda d\u0259rc edildi. Onlar 48 qu\u015f növünün genomlar\u0131n\u0131 müqayis\u0259 etdil\u0259r v\u0259 bütün "dan\u0131\u015fan" növl\u0259rin "mahn\u0131 nüv\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259" neyron \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rinin \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259si il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259li 50-d\u0259n çox gend\u0259n ibar\u0259t aktiv d\u0259stin\u0259 malik oldu\u011funu a\u015fkar etdil\u0259r. Üst\u0259lik, bu genl\u0259rin çoxu insan beyninin nitq sah\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259 aktivdir.<\/p>\n

\u018fsas genl\u0259rd\u0259n biri olan FOXP2 nitq genetikas\u0131nda çoxdan m\u0259lumdur. \u0130nsanlarda bu gend\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259n mutasiyalar a\u011f\u0131r nitq poz\u011funluqlar\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olur. Mahn\u0131 oxuyan qu\u015flarda mahn\u0131 öyr\u0259nm\u0259 zaman\u0131 FOXP2 ifad\u0259si d\u0259yi\u015fir: qu\u015f yeni bir melodiya öyr\u0259ndikd\u0259, beyind\u0259 FOXP2 zülal s\u0259viyy\u0259si azal\u0131r v\u0259 mahn\u0131 "gücl\u0259ndirildikd\u0259" onlar normal v\u0259ziyy\u0259t\u0259 qay\u0131d\u0131rlar. Ba\u015fqa sözl\u0259, molekulyar s\u0259viyy\u0259d\u0259 qu\u015flar insan u\u015faqlar\u0131 il\u0259 eyni prinsipl\u0259rd\u0259n istifad\u0259 ed\u0259r\u0259k dan\u0131\u015fma\u011f\u0131 öyr\u0259nirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Dig\u0259r vacib k\u0259\u015ff: beyin inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131 idar\u0259 ed\u0259n genl\u0259rin yax\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tutuqu\u015fularda unikal transpozonlar (mobil genetik elementl\u0259r) tap\u0131l\u0131b. Bu "tullanan genl\u0259r" tutuqu\u015fulara müst\u0259sna s\u0259s qabiliyy\u0259tl\u0259ri ver\u0259n bir növ t\u0259kamül sür\u0259tl\u0259ndiricisi kimi ç\u0131x\u0131\u015f etmi\u015f ola bil\u0259r. T\u0259dqiqatlar davam edir, lakin art\u0131q ayd\u0131nd\u0131r ki, nitq unikal bir insan h\u0259diyy\u0259si deyil, t\u0259bi\u0259tin \u0259n az\u0131 iki d\u0259f\u0259 "icad etdiyi" bir t\u0259kamül vasit\u0259sidir.<\/p>\n

Tutuqu\u015fuya dan\u0131\u015fma\u011f\u0131 nec\u0259 öyr\u0259tm\u0259k olar
\nQ\u0131sa cavab: xeyr. Qu\u015fun beynind\u0259 "mahn\u0131 nüv\u0259l\u0259ri" yoxdursa, heç bir t\u0259lim köm\u0259k etm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259k. Toyuq, örd\u0259k v\u0259 ya d\u0259v\u0259qu\u015fu "Salam, Ke\u015fa!" dey\u0259 neç\u0259 d\u0259f\u0259 t\u0259krarlasan\u0131z da dan\u0131\u015fmayacaq. Lakin potensial olaraq dan\u0131\u015fan növl\u0259r aras\u0131nda bel\u0259, h\u0259r f\u0259rd bu istedad\u0131 nümayi\u015f etdirm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259k.
\nÇox \u015fey ya\u015fdan v\u0259 sosial \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Cüc\u0259l\u0259r kimi insan himay\u0259sin\u0259 veril\u0259n g\u0259nc tutuqu\u015fular yetkinl\u0259rd\u0259n xeyli daha sür\u0259tli öyr\u0259nirl\u0259r. Afrika bozlar\u0131 üçün kritik öyr\u0259nm\u0259 dövrü h\u0259yat\u0131n ilk 1,5-2 ilind\u0259 ba\u015f verir. Bundan sonra yeni sözl\u0259rin m\u0259nims\u0259nilm\u0259si yava\u015flay\u0131r, baxmayaraq ki, tamamil\u0259 dayanm\u0131r.
\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Heç dü\u015fünmüsünüzmü ki, tutuqu\u015funuz niy\u0259 "salam" dey\u0259 bilir, halbuki ill\u0259rdir sizinl\u0259 yan-yana ya\u015fayan bir it v\u0259 ya pi\u015fik dey\u0259 bilmir? Görünür, m\u0259m\u0259lil\u0259r beyin qurulu\u015funa gör\u0259 biz\u0259 daha yax\u0131nd\u0131rlar. Lakin yüz…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":251278,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[101],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-240087","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cemiyyet"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/240087","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=240087"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/240087\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/251278"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=240087"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=240087"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=240087"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}