{"id":223552,"date":"2025-05-16T09:48:02","date_gmt":"2025-05-16T05:48:02","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T20:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/?p=223552","title":{"rendered":"\u0130nternet nec\u0259 yaran\u0131b?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Q\u0131rx il \u0259vv\u0259l bel\u0259 bir d\u0259rs oxumaq v\u0259 ya bir dosta mesaj yazmaq üçün bir neç\u0259 saat v\u0259 gün s\u0259rf etm\u0259k laz\u0131m idi. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, maraql\u0131 m\u0259qal\u0259ni tapmaq v\u0259 oxumaq üçün q\u0259zet kö\u015fkü v\u0259 ya kitabxanaya gedirdil\u0259r. M\u0259ktub dostlara poçtla gönd\u0259rilirdi.
\n\u0130ndi bunu etm\u0259k üçün ota\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 t\u0259rk etm\u0259k laz\u0131m deyil. Siz\u0259 laz\u0131m olan t\u0259k \u015fey smartfonunuzun kilidini açmaq v\u0259 laz\u0131mi h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tl\u0259ri yerin\u0259 yetirm\u0259kdir. Bu, internet say\u0259sind\u0259 mümkündür.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ucnoqta.az x\u0259b\u0259r verir ki, internet son onillikl\u0259rd\u0259 t\u0259r\u0259qqinin h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tverici qüvv\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n birin\u0259 v\u0259 günd\u0259lik h\u0259yat\u0131n bir hiss\u0259sin\u0259 çevrilmi\u015fdir. Onun köm\u0259yi il\u0259 biz videolara bax\u0131r\u0131q, dostlarla ünsiyy\u0259t qururuq v\u0259 mal al\u0131r\u0131q. Eyni zamanda, biz \u0130nternetin nec\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259diyini dü\u015fünmürük.<\/p>\n

\u0130nternet nec\u0259 yarand\u0131<\/strong>
\n\u0130nterneti birg\u0259 hesablamaq v\u0259 m\u0259lumat ötürm\u0259k üçün ölk\u0259nin müxt\u0259lif yerl\u0259rind\u0259 kompüterl\u0259ri birl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k ist\u0259y\u0259n h\u0259rbçil\u0259r yarad\u0131b.
\nBu v\u0259zif\u0259ni 1969-cu ild\u0259 iki universitetin kompüterl\u0259ri aras\u0131nda mesaj gönd\u0259r\u0259n Qabaqc\u0131l Ara\u015fd\u0131rma Layih\u0259l\u0259ri Agentliyi öz üz\u0259rin\u0259 götürdü. Bu mesaj 600 kilometr yol q\u0259t etdi v\u0259 texnoloji inki\u015faf\u0131n vektorunu d\u0259yi\u015fdirdi.<\/p>\n

Layih\u0259 ARPANet adland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. \u018fvv\u0259lc\u0259 \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 elmi t\u0259dqiqatlar üçün istifad\u0259 edildi ki, bu da onlar\u0131n n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259rinin ötürülm\u0259sini sür\u0259tl\u0259ndirdi. Daha sonra dig\u0259r institutlar v\u0259 \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259r x\u0259b\u0259rdar oldu v\u0259 1980-ci ill\u0259rin \u0259vv\u0259ll\u0259rind\u0259 on minl\u0259rl\u0259 kompüter \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259y\u0259 qo\u015fuldu.<\/p>\n

H\u0259r il kompüterl\u0259rin say\u0131 art\u0131r v\u0259 bu, \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259nin i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259sini ç\u0259tinl\u0259\u015fdirirdi. Buna gör\u0259 d\u0259 aliml\u0259r v\u0259 müh\u0259ndisl\u0259r onu nec\u0259 optimalla\u015fd\u0131rmaq bar\u0259d\u0259 dü\u015fünm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131lar.
\nARPANet layih\u0259si 1990-c\u0131 il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r mövcud olub, onu NSFNet – Milli Elm Fondu \u015e\u0259b\u0259k\u0259si \u0259v\u0259z edib. Bu \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 1984-cü ild\u0259 yaran\u0131b v\u0259 ARPANet-\u0259 b\u0259nz\u0259yirdi, lakin daha yüks\u0259k m\u0259lumat ötürm\u0259 sür\u0259tin\u0259 malik idi. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 NSFNet kütl\u0259vi internetin daya\u011f\u0131na çevrildi v\u0259 ARPANet layih\u0259si ba\u011fland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Eyni zamanda ba\u015fqa qit\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 d\u0259 \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259r yarad\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. SSR\u0130-d\u0259, 1978-ci ild\u0259n 1992-ci il\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r bütün Sovet \u0130ttifaq\u0131nda kompüterl\u0259ri birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n Akademset layih\u0259si f\u0259aliyy\u0259t göst\u0259rdi. 1981-ci ild\u0259 \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 Avropan\u0131n bir hiss\u0259si il\u0259, 1983-cü ild\u0259 is\u0259 Amerika il\u0259 birl\u0259\u015fdi.<\/p>\n

Eyni zamanda, WWW \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259si – World Wide Web – inki\u015faf etdirilirdi. Bu \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 say\u0259sind\u0259 vebsaytlar, hiperlinkl\u0259r, hiperm\u0259tnl\u0259r, h\u0259mçinin HTTP, HTML v\u0259 URI anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131 meydana ç\u0131xd\u0131. Bu anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131 daha sonra müzakir\u0259 ed\u0259c\u0259yik. 1991-ci ild\u0259 WWW h\u0259r k\u0259s üçün \u0259lçatan oldu. 1993-cü ild\u0259 ilk Mosaic brauzeri ç\u0131xd\u0131.
\nDaha sonra NSFNet layih\u0259si öz yerini WWW-y\u0259 verdi v\u0259 yaln\u0131z universitetl\u0259rl\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

WWW Ümumdünya \u015e\u0259b\u0259k\u0259si adlan\u0131r, buna gör\u0259 d\u0259 bir çox insanlar bunun \u0130nternet oldu\u011funu dü\u015fünür. WWW \u0130nternetin bir hiss\u0259sidir, onun alt \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biridir. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, evd\u0259 dostlarla oynamaq üçün yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 d\u0259 internetin bir hiss\u0259si olacaq.
\nKurs zaman\u0131 biz \u0130nternet terminind\u0259n istifad\u0259 ed\u0259c\u0259yik, lakin veb saytlardan dan\u0131\u015fsaq, onda World Wide Web haqq\u0131nda dan\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131q.
\n\u0130nternet kompüterl\u0259ri birl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k v\u0259 m\u0259lumat\u0131 sür\u0259tl\u0259 ötürm\u0259k üçün yarad\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. <\/p>\n

\u0130nternet n\u0259dir v\u0259 nec\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259yir?<\/strong>
\nDey\u0259k ki, evd\u0259 dostunuzla oynamaq üçün birl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k ist\u0259diyiniz iki kompüteriniz var. Bir kompüter\u0259 v\u0259 dig\u0259rin\u0259 qo\u015fulan fiziki kabeld\u0259n istifad\u0259 edirsiniz. Qon\u015fu bundan x\u0259b\u0259r tutur v\u0259 h\u0259m d\u0259 birlikd\u0259 oynamaq ist\u0259yir – siz yeni kabel uzat\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z v\u0259 üçünüz oynay\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Sonradan daha çox insan bundan x\u0259b\u0259r tutur v\u0259 \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259y\u0259 qo\u015fulma\u011f\u0131 xahi\u015f edir. Siz qon\u015fu evl\u0259r\u0259, rayonlara, \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r\u0259, ölk\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 kabel ç\u0259kirsiniz. Suyun alt\u0131ndan v\u0259 elektrik dir\u0259kl\u0259rinin üstünd\u0259n keçirl\u0259r. Bel\u0259likl\u0259, siz \u0130nternetin analoqunu yaratd\u0131n\u0131z – m\u0259lumat ötürm\u0259k üçün müxt\u0259lif ölk\u0259l\u0259rin cihazlar\u0131n\u0131 birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259.
\n\u0130nternetd\u0259ki m\u0259lumatlar müxt\u0259lifdir, m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n:
\nYouTube-da video
\nMessenger-d\u0259 mesajlar
\nM\u0259\u015fhur resursda m\u0259qal\u0259
\nOnlayn \u015fahmat oyununda r\u0259qibin h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259ti<\/p>\n

YouTube-da video oynan\u0131landa o, sad\u0259c\u0259 olaraq havadan ç\u0131xm\u0131r. Video sizd\u0259n min kilometr uzaqda ola bil\u0259c\u0259k kompüterd\u0259 saxlan\u0131l\u0131r. Siz bunu f\u0259rq etm\u0259y\u0259c\u0259ksiniz, çünki sür\u0259tli internet videonu gecikm\u0259 olmadan ötür\u0259c\u0259k.<\/p>\n

Bu, internet dövründ\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259l insanlar\u0131n ünsiyy\u0259t qurdu\u011fu e-poçta b\u0259nz\u0259yir. Yaz\u0131\u015fma \u015fahmat\u0131 o vaxtlar m\u0259\u015fhur idi. Müxt\u0259lif \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259n v\u0259 ölk\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n olan insanlar bir-biri il\u0259 oynay\u0131rd\u0131lar. R\u0259qib bir h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t etdi, onu ka\u011f\u0131za yazd\u0131, z\u0259rf\u0259 qoydu v\u0259 poçtla gönd\u0259rdi.<\/p>\n

\u0130ndi insanlar \u015fahmat resursuna gedir v\u0259 dünyan\u0131n h\u0259r yerind\u0259n on minl\u0259rl\u0259 oyunçu il\u0259 oynay\u0131rlar. Konsepsiya d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259yib: r\u0259qib bir h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t edir, kompüter onu qeyd edir, “z\u0259rf\u0259 qoyur” v\u0259 ba\u015fqa kompüter\u0259 gönd\u0259rir. Oyunçular, h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t etdikl\u0259ri andan r\u0259qibinin bir h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259t ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 an aras\u0131nda n\u0259 ba\u015f verdiyin\u0259 \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259t vermirl\u0259r. Yaz\u0131\u015fma \u015fahmat\u0131nda da bel\u0259 idi – adamlar poçtalyonun getdiyi mar\u015frut haqda dü\u015fünmürdül\u0259r.<\/p>\n

\u0130nternet bir-birin\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 kompüterl\u0259r sistemidir. Ünsiyy\u0259t, oyun, öyr\u0259nm\u0259 v\u0259 biznes üçün istifad\u0259 olunur. \u0130nternetin \u0259sas kompüterinin olub-olmamas\u0131 v\u0259 onu söndürm\u0259k mümkün olub-olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 görm\u0259k qal\u0131r ki, biz \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259siz qal\u0131r\u0131q.<\/p>\n

\u0130nterneti söndürm\u0259k mümkündürmü v\u0259 analoqlar\u0131 varm\u0131?<\/strong>
\n\u0130nternetd\u0259 gizli yerd\u0259 yerl\u0259\u015f\u0259n v\u0259 mühafiz\u0259 olunan \u0259sas kompüter yoxdur. Y\u0259ni, söndürüls\u0259, bütün \u0130nterneti söndür\u0259c\u0259k bir kompüter yoxdur – buna m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259mi\u015f sistem deyilir.
\nSiz yaln\u0131z xidm\u0259ti söndür\u0259 bil\u0259rsiniz. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, bel\u0259 böyük \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259r var:
\nGoogle internet axtar\u0131\u015f\u0131, e-poçt xidm\u0259ti v\u0259 mobil platformad\u0131r.
\nVK — sosial \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259r, poçt xidm\u0259ti, axtar\u0131\u015f sistemi
\nAmazon – Mallar\u0131n onlayn sat\u0131\u015f\u0131
\nHexlet – m\u0259\u015fq<\/p>\n

"Kompüterl\u0259ri" söndürs\u0259l\u0259r, xidm\u0259t \u0259lçatmaz olacaq. Ancaq bu, yaln\u0131z bir xidm\u0259tin i\u015fidir v\u0259 \u0130nternetin qalan hiss\u0259si i\u015fl\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 davam ed\u0259c\u0259kdir.
\n\u0130nterneti söndürm\u0259k mümkündür, lakin bunun üçün m\u0259lumat\u0131 saxlayan v\u0259 ötür\u0259n kompüterl\u0259ri t\u0259crid etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r. Bel\u0259 olan halda rayonlar, \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259r, ölk\u0259l\u0259r s\u0259viyy\u0259sind\u0259 lokal \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259r yaranacaq v\u0259 yenid\u0259n bütün dünyada insanlar\u0131 birl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259c\u0259k. Bu sistem yeni \u0130nternet\u0259 çevril\u0259c\u0259k.<\/p>\n

Lokal \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259r 2000-2010-cu ill\u0259rd\u0259 böyük \u015f\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259rd\u0259 populyar idi. Onlar \u0259razinin kompüterl\u0259rini birl\u0259\u015fdirdil\u0259r: dostlar\u0131n\u0131zla ünsiyy\u0259t qura v\u0259 onlayn olmadan oynaya bil\u0259rsiniz.
\nHaz\u0131rda iri \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259r daxilind\u0259 lokal \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n istifad\u0259 olunur. \u0130nternet\u0259 ç\u0131x\u0131\u015f olmadan kompüterl\u0259r bel\u0259 ünsiyy\u0259t qurur. Bu, \u015firk\u0259t daxilind\u0259 s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259rin gönd\u0259rilm\u0259si zaman\u0131 informasiya t\u0259hlük\u0259sizliyi üçün \u0259sas t\u0259l\u0259bdir.<\/p>\n

\u0130nternetin ba\u015fqa, lakin böyük analoqu var – NSFNet, 20-ci \u0259srd\u0259 ARPANet-i yerind\u0259n qoydu. Bu gün bu \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 \u0130nternet 2 adlan\u0131r. O, universitet kompüterl\u0259rini birl\u0259\u015fdirir v\u0259 indiki \u0130nternetd\u0259n daha yüks\u0259k m\u0259lumat ötürm\u0259 sür\u0259ti t\u0259klif edir.<\/p>\n

F\u0259rqli \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 variantlar\u0131 varsa, onda bir neç\u0259 onillikd\u0259n sonra biz \u0130nternetd\u0259 deyil, f\u0259rqli bir ad v\u0259 f\u0259rqli bir t\u0259tbiqetm\u0259 il\u0259 bir sistemd\u0259 i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259 bil\u0259rik.
\n\u0130nterneti söndürm\u0259k olar, amma \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259siz qalmayaca\u011f\u0131q. Qlobal \u0130nternet daxilind\u0259 f\u0259aliyy\u0259tini davam etdir\u0259c\u0259k m\u0259h\u0259ll\u0259 v\u0259 ya \u015firk\u0259t \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259ri kimi daha kiçik \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259r ola bil\u0259r. Bu yana\u015fma say\u0259sind\u0259 siz ist\u0259nil\u0259n yerd\u0259 öz \u0130nternet analoqunuzu qura bil\u0259rsiniz: m\u0259nzild\u0259n bütün planet\u0259. F\u0259rq yaln\u0131z qo\u015fulmu\u015f cihazlar\u0131n say\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Q\u0131rx il \u0259vv\u0259l bel\u0259 bir d\u0259rs oxumaq v\u0259 ya bir dosta mesaj yazmaq üçün bir neç\u0259 saat v\u0259 gün s\u0259rf etm\u0259k laz\u0131m idi. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, maraql\u0131 m\u0259qal\u0259ni tapmaq v\u0259 oxumaq üçün…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":251278,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[97],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-223552","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-maraqli"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/223552","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=223552"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/223552\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/251278"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=223552"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=223552"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=223552"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}