{"id":185501,"date":"2023-09-11T10:27:27","date_gmt":"2023-09-11T06:27:27","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T20:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/?p=185501","title":{"rendered":"Qan x\u0259st\u0259liyi \u00e7oxsayl\u0131 v\u0259 heterogen sindromlardan ibar\u0259tdir\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"

Qan x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rinin müasir t\u0259bab\u0259tin \u0259n aktual probleml\u0259rind\u0259n biridir. Az\u0259rbaycanda da bu x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rd\u0259n \u0259ziyy\u0259t ç\u0259k\u0259nl\u0259r az deyil. H\u0259r il onlar\u0131n say\u0131 art\u0131r. B\u0259s qan x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259ri n\u0259dir?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Qan x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259ri çoxsayl\u0131 v\u0259 heterogen sindromlardan ibar\u0259tdir. Bu patologiyalar qan\u0131n keyfiyy\u0259t v\u0259 k\u0259miyy\u0259t t\u0259rkinbinin pozuylmas\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 inki\u015faf edir.
\nFizioloji nöqteyi n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n qan orqanizmin maye mühiti olub n\u0259qliyyat, t\u0259n\u0259ffüz, qoruyucu v\u0259 s. funksiyalar\u0131 yerin\u0259 yetirir.<\/p>\n

Qan maye fraksiya-plazmadan v\u0259 onun formal elementl\u0259rind\u0259n (eritrosit, trombosit, leykosit) ibar\u0259tdir. \u018fsas qanyarad\u0131c\u0131 orqanlar sümük iliyi, timus, dalaq v\u0259 limfa toxumas\u0131d\u0131r. Qan plazmas\u0131n\u0131n xüsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rinin v\u0259 ya formal\u0131 elrementl\u0259rinin say\u0131, el\u0259c\u0259 d\u0259 morfologiyas\u0131n\u0131n pozulmas\u0131 hematoloji x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rl\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259nir. <\/p>\n

Qan x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259ri aras\u0131nda geni\u015f yay\u0131lanlardan biri anameiyad\u0131r. Anemiya v\u0259 ya qanazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 vahid h\u0259cm qanda eritrositl\u0259rin v\u0259 hemoqlobinin azalmas\u0131d\u0131r. Eritrositl\u0259r b\u0259d\u0259nin toxumalar\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 heceyr\u0259l\u0259rini oksigenl\u0259 t\u0259min edir. Hemoqlobin is\u0259 q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 qan hüceyr\u0259l\u0259rinin t\u0259rkibind\u0259 oksigen-da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r v\u0259 qan hüceyr\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 r\u0259ngi verir. Anemiyal\u0131 x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r hemoglobin olmur. 
\nDig\u0259r izahla, qan\u0131n oksigen da\u015f\u0131ma qabiliyy\u0259tinin azalmas\u0131d\u0131r. Anemiyaya çoxlu qan itirildikd\u0259 (yaraland\u0131qda, m\u0259d\u0259-ba\u011f\u0131rsaq, a\u011fciy\u0259r, burun, u\u015faql\u0131q v\u0259 s. qanaxmalar\u0131 zaman\u0131), kimy\u0259vi madd\u0259l\u0259rl\u0259 z\u0259h\u0259rl\u0259ndikd\u0259, b\u0259dxass\u0259li \u015fi\u015f tör\u0259m\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259, B12 vitamini çat\u0131\u015fmad\u0131qda v\u0259 s. hallarda rast g\u0259linir. Anemiyan\u0131n \u0259n çox yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f iki növü var: D\u0259mir çat\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 talassemiya.
\nGöründüyü kimi onun ba\u015f verm\u0259sin\u0259 daha çox orqanizmd\u0259 d\u0259mir çat\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0259b\u0259b olur; bu, "D\u0259mir defisitli anemiya" adlan\u0131r. <\/p>\n

D\u0259mir çat\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259sind\u0259 mü\u0259yy\u0259n faktorlar rol oynay\u0131r ki, bunlardan da \u0259n \u0259sas\u0131 d\u0259mirdir. D\u0259mir defisitli anemiya orqanizmd\u0259 d\u0259mirin qida il\u0259 kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r daxil olmamas\u0131, m\u0259d\u0259-ba\u011f\u0131rsaq sistemind\u0259 yax\u015f\u0131 sorulmamas\u0131 v\u0259 xroniki qanitirm\u0259l\u0259r n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259 bil\u0259r. Bütün bunlar\u0131n da n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 orqanizmd\u0259 d\u0259mir çat\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaran\u0131r v\u0259 hemoqlobinin sintezi pozulur. Bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n d\u0259 qanazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan insanlara d\u0259mirl\u0259 z\u0259ngin qidalar (mal \u0259ti, qaraciy\u0259r, yumurta, q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 alma, çu\u011fundur \u015fir\u0259si v\u0259 s.) q\u0259bul etm\u0259k tövsiy\u0259 olunur.
\nAnemiya qan x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259ri aras\u0131nda \u0259n m\u0259\u015fhurudur v\u0259 dünyan\u0131n ¼ hiss\u0259si bu narahatl\u0131qdan \u0259ziyy\u0259t ç\u0259kir. Dünyada qanda d\u0259mir çat\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0259b\u0259bind\u0259n inki\u015faf ed\u0259n anemiyadan \u0259ziyy\u0259t ç\u0259k\u0259n insanlar\u0131n say\u0131 is\u0259 1 milyarddan art\u0131qd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Tibbi ara\u015fd\u0131rmalara gör\u0259, qad\u0131nlar ki\u015fil\u0259r\u0259 nisb\u0259t\u0259n daha çox anemiyadan \u0259ziyy\u0259t ç\u0259kirl\u0259r. Anemiyadan \u0259ziyy\u0259t ç\u0259k\u0259n insan qruplar\u0131 aras\u0131nda u\u015faqlar v\u0259 hamil\u0259lik dövrü keçir\u0259n qad\u0131nlar da çoxluq t\u0259\u015fkil edir.
\nD\u0259mir çat\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 körp\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 anemiyan\u0131n \u0259n vacib v\u0259 \u0259n çox yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f s\u0259b\u0259bidir. G\u0259nc u\u015faqlar kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r d\u0259mir ala bilmirl\u0259rs\u0259, q\u0131sa müdd\u0259td\u0259 anemiya ya\u015faya bil\u0259rl\u0259r. Çünki, d\u0259mir hemoglabinin istehsal\u0131 üçün z\u0259ruri komponentdir. Bundan \u0259lav\u0259, vitamin çat\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 anemiyan\u0131n s\u0259b\u0259bl\u0259rind\u0259n biridir.<\/p>\n

Körp\u0259 1 ya\u015f\u0131ndan tez in\u0259k südü içm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flarsa v\u0259 anasüdünd\u0259n yeterinc\u0259 faydalanmazsa, \u0259lav\u0259 qidaya ba\u015flamas\u0131 il\u0259 b\u0259rab\u0259r d\u0259mir t\u0259rkibli qidalar\u0131 q\u0259bul etm\u0259zs\u0259, d\u0259mir çat\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 anemiya il\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131la\u015fa bil\u0259r.
\nAnemiyan\u0131n bir növü d\u0259 talassemiyad\u0131r. Talassemiya genetik defekt n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 hemoqlobin sintezinin pozulmas\u0131 v\u0259 xroniki anemiya il\u0259 xarakteriz\u0259 olunan irsi qan x\u0259st\u0259liyidir. Dünyada \u0259n s\u0131x rast g\u0259lin\u0259n x\u0259st\u0259likdir. Y\u0259ni, talassemiya anadang\u0259lm\u0259 x\u0259st\u0259likdir. Hemoqlobin yuxar\u0131da qeyd etdiyimiz kimi q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 qan hüceyr\u0259l\u0259rin t\u0259rkibind\u0259 oksigen da\u015f\u0131yan zülald\u0131r. Bu x\u0259st\u0259likd\u0259 q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 qan hüceyr\u0259l\u0259ri külli miqdarda parçalan\u0131r v\u0259 buda qanazl\u0131\u011f\u0131na (anemiyaya) g\u0259tirib ç\u0131xar\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Qeyd ed\u0259k ki, hemaqlobin t\u0259rkibind\u0259 d\u0259mir v\u0259 qlobulin adlanan zülali qurulu\u015fdan ibar\u0259tdir. Qlobulinl\u0259r Alfa v\u0259 Betta z\u0259ncirl\u0259rind\u0259n t\u0259\u015fkil olunub.
\nTalassemiya zaman\u0131 \u0259sas problem hemaqlobinin zülal hiss\u0259sini meydana g\u0259tir\u0259n qlobulin z\u0259ncirind\u0259dir. Yeti\u015fkin bir \u015f\u0259xsd\u0259 98 faiz nisb\u0259tind\u0259 hemaqlobin A olur. Hemaqlobin A-n\u0131n zülali qrulu\u015funda 2 \u0259d\u0259d alfa v\u0259 2 \u0259d\u0259d betta z\u0259nciri vard\u0131r.
\nBu z\u0259ncirl\u0259rin yaranmas\u0131ndak\u0131 patologiyalar talassemiya x\u0259st\u0259liyin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olur. Alfa z\u0259ncirind\u0259ki \u0259ksiklikl\u0259r Alfa, Betta z\u0259ncirind\u0259ki azalmalar betta talassemiyalar olaraq adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Meydana g\u0259l\u0259n anormal hemaqlobin molekullar\u0131, oksigen da\u015f\u0131ma funksiyas\u0131n\u0131 h\u0259yata keçir\u0259 bilm\u0259diyind\u0259n v\u0259 normal eritrosit formala\u015fa bilm\u0259diyind\u0259n anemiyaya s\u0259b\u0259b olur.<\/p>\n

\u0130rsi x\u0259st\u0259liyin biri d\u0259 hemofiliyad\u0131r. Qan\u0131n laxtalanma xüsusiyy\u0259tinin pozulmas\u0131 il\u0259 xarakteriz\u0259 olunur. X\u0259st\u0259lik zaman\u0131 daxili orqanlara, oynaqlara, \u0259z\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 öz-özün\u0259, z\u0259d\u0259 v\u0259 ya c\u0259rrahi müdaxil\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 qanaxmalar ba\u015f verir. Hemofiliyan\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r formas\u0131ndan \u0259ziyy\u0259t ç\u0259k\u0259n x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259r oynaqlara (hemartroz) v\u0259 \u0259z\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 (hematoma) tez-tez qan axmas\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259lil hal\u0131na dü\u015fürl\u0259r. Ad\u0259t\u0259n x\u0259st\u0259likd\u0259n ki\u015fil\u0259r \u0259ziyy\u0259t ç\u0259kirl\u0259r, qad\u0131nlar is\u0259 hemofiliyan\u0131n da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 kimi ç\u0131x\u0131\u015f edirl\u0259r v\u0259 x\u0259st\u0259liy\u0259 tutulmurlar. Lakin, onlar x\u0259st\u0259 o\u011flan u\u015faqlar\u0131 v\u0259 ya da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 q\u0131z u\u015faqlar\u0131 dünyaya g\u0259tir\u0259 bil\u0259rl\u0259r.  X\u0259st\u0259liyin iki tipi mövcuddur : A v\u0259 B. Bu adland\u0131rman\u0131 qanda \u0259skik olan zülala gör\u0259 edirl\u0259r. Hemofiliya A x\u0259st\u0259liyind\u0259 qanda zülal\u0131n miqdar\u0131 yet\u0259rinc\u0259 olmur. Hemofiliya x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259rinin 80 faizi bu qrupdad\u0131r. Hemofiliya B x\u0259st\u0259liyind\u0259 d\u0259 qan çat\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 mü\u015fahid\u0259 olunur.<\/p>\n

Leykemiya is\u0259 qan v\u0259 qan hüceyr\u0259l\u0259rini yaradan sümük iliyinin x\u0259rç\u0259ngidir. Leykemiyal\u0131 x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259sas qanyarad\u0131c\u0131 orqan olan sümük iliyind\u0259 \u015fi\u015f hüceyr\u0259l\u0259rin inki\u015faf\u0131 normal qanyaranman\u0131n qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r, q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 qan kür\u0259cikl\u0259rinin miqdar\u0131 t\u0259dric\u0259n azalaraq el\u0259 bir h\u0259dd\u0259 çat\u0131r ki, qan do\u011furdan da "a\u011far\u0131r".<\/p>\n

X\u0259st\u0259lik zaman\u0131 b\u0259d\u0259nd\u0259 yüks\u0259k h\u0259rar\u0259t, t\u0259rl\u0259m\u0259, z\u0259iflik, \u0259zginlik, oynaqlarda, sümükl\u0259rd\u0259 a\u011fr\u0131 olur. X\u0259st\u0259liyin klinik \u015f\u0259kli sepsisi xat\u0131rlad\u0131r. Çox vaxt x\u0259st\u0259lik önc\u0259si x\u0259st\u0259 angina olur. B\u0259d\u0259nd\u0259 h\u0259rar\u0259t h\u0259tta 40 d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259y\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r yüks\u0259lir v\u0259 ür\u0259kd\u0259 taxikardiya mü\u015fahid\u0259 edilir. X\u0259st\u0259nin v\u0259ziyy\u0259ti get-ged\u0259 a\u011f\u0131rla\u015f\u0131r, b\u0259nizi avaz\u0131y\u0131r, üzü \u015fi\u015fir, dodaqlar\u0131 v\u0259 dili quruyur, di\u015f \u0259tl\u0259ri yumu\u015fal\u0131r, qans\u0131zmalar ortaya ç\u0131x\u0131r v\u0259 a\u011f\u0131zdan üfun\u0259tli iy g\u0259lir.<\/p>\n

Qanda bu v\u0259 ya ba\u015fqa a\u011f qan elementl\u0259rinin üstünlüyünd\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olaraq x\u0259st\u0259lik limfoleykoza (limfatik elementl\u0259r), mieloleykoza (sümük iliyi elementl\u0259ri) v\u0259 retikulendotelioza (qanda a\u011f qan kür\u0259cikl\u0259rinin çoxlu\u011fu) ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Limfeleykozda çox vaxt b\u0259dxass\u0259li qanazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259ri görünür. A\u011f qan kür\u0259cikl\u0259rinin h\u0259dd\u0259n art\u0131q çoxalmas\u0131, xüsus\u0259n d\u0259 yeti\u015fm\u0259mi\u015f a\u011f qan kür\u0259cikl\u0259rinin üstünlüyü il\u0259 mü\u015fahid\u0259 olunan leykozlar leykemiya –a\u011fqanl\u0131l\u0131q adlan\u0131r. Bu anormall\u0131q zaman\u0131 1 mm qanda 100-400 min a\u011f qan kür\u0259ciyi ola bil\u0259r: a\u011f qan elementl\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r ba\u015f verdiyi üçün qan\u0131n t\u0259rkibi sabit qalm\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Mieloleykoz zaman\u0131 is\u0259 qanda çoxlu miqdarda normoblastlar (eritrosit növü) v\u0259 retikulositl\u0259r (cavan eritrosit) \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259lir ki, bu da sümük iliyind\u0259 ba\u015f ver\u0259n q\u0131c\u0131qlanman\u0131n göst\u0259ricisidir.<\/p>\n

P.\u018ff\u0259ndiyev<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131 "Leykozlu U\u015faqlara D\u0259st\u0259k" ictimai birliyinin Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n Qeyri-Hökum\u0259t T\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131na Dövl\u0259t D\u0259st\u0259yi Agentliyinin maliyy\u0259 yard\u0131m\u0131 il\u0259 “Qan x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259ri il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 maarifl\u0259ndrim\u0259 v\u0259 qan donorlu\u011funun t\u0259bli\u011fi” layih\u0259si ç\u0259rçiv\u0259sind\u0259 haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Qan x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rinin müasir t\u0259bab\u0259tin \u0259n aktual probleml\u0259rind\u0259n biridir. Az\u0259rbaycanda da bu x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rd\u0259n \u0259ziyy\u0259t ç\u0259k\u0259nl\u0259r az deyil. H\u0259r il onlar\u0131n say\u0131 art\u0131r. B\u0259s qan x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259ri n\u0259dir? Qan x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259ri çoxsayl\u0131 v\u0259 heterogen…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":251278,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[108],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-185501","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-leykoz"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/185501","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=185501"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/185501\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/251278"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=185501"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=185501"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=185501"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}