{"id":159148,"date":"2022-09-29T11:06:14","date_gmt":"2022-09-29T07:06:14","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T20:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/?p=159148","title":{"rendered":"Az\u0259rbaycanda \u0259n \u00e7ox rast g\u0259lin\u0259n irsi x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rd\u0259n biri talassemiyad\u0131r"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0130rsi qan x\u0259st\u0259liyi olan talassemiyan\u0131n geni\u015f yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ölk\u0259l\u0259r s\u0131ras\u0131nda Az\u0259rbaycan da var. H\u0259r il 300-\u0259 yax\u0131n u\u015faq bu x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259 do\u011fulur. Ümumilikd\u0259 is\u0259 \u0259halinin h\u0259r 12 n\u0259f\u0259rd\u0259n biri x\u0259st\u0259liyin da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Haz\u0131rda ölk\u0259mizd\u0259 4116 n\u0259f\u0259r talassemiya x\u0259st\u0259si qeydiyyatdad\u0131r. X\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 \u0259n çox müraci\u0259tl\u0259r is\u0259 Zaqatala, \u015e\u0259ki, O\u011fuz, Q\u0259b\u0259l\u0259. A\u011fda\u015f, Kürd\u0259mir, Masall\u0131, L\u0259nk\u0259ran, Sabirabad rayonlar\u0131ndand\u0131r. H\u0259min bölg\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 talassemiya da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n çoxlu\u011fu n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 x\u0259st\u0259 u\u015faqlar\u0131n do\u011fulmas\u0131 riski d\u0259 daha çoxdur. B\u0259s talassemiya x\u0259st\u0259liyi n\u0259dir?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Talassemiya qan x\u0259st\u0259liyidir. Q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 qan hüceyr\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 t\u0259sir göst\u0259r\u0259n poz\u011funluqdur. Qan\u0131n iç\u0259risind\u0259ki oksigeni da\u015f\u0131yan hüceyr\u0259l\u0259r sümükl\u0259rin iç\u0259risind\u0259 yaran\u0131r. Bunlar is\u0259 hemoqlabin adland\u0131r\u0131lan molekul t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n da\u015f\u0131n\u0131r. Bunlar pozulanda is\u0259 oksigen çatm\u0131r v\u0259 qans\u0131zl\u0131q yaran\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Talassemiya da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 böyük talassemiya<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu x\u0259st\u0259liyin talassemiya da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 böyük talassemiya x\u0259st\u0259liyi formalar\u0131 var. X\u0259st\u0259liyin birinci formas\u0131 olduqda talassemiya \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259rinin da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 sa\u011flam olurlar. Amma onlar bu patoloji geni öz u\u015faqlar\u0131na ötür\u0259 bil\u0259rl\u0259r. \u018fg\u0259r valideynl\u0259rd\u0259n biri x\u0259st\u0259liyin da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131d\u0131rsa anadan olan u\u015fa\u011f\u0131n 50 faizi da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 (Talassemiya genini yaln\u0131z bir valideynd\u0259n alan u\u015faq talassemiyan\u0131n da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na çevrilir), 50 faiz sa\u011flam olma ehtimal\u0131 var.  Bölük talassemiyada is\u0259 h\u0259r iki valideyn talassemiya da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olur v\u0259 anadan olan u\u015fa\u011f\u0131n 25 faiz x\u0259st\u0259, 50 faiz da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131, 25 faiz sa\u011flam olma ehtimal\u0131 vard\u0131r. R\u0259q\u0259ml\u0259rd\u0259n ayd\u0131n olunur ki, körp\u0259nin 25 faiz x\u0259st\u0259 do\u011fulma ehtimal\u0131 var.<\/p>\n

X\u0259st\u0259lik qohum evlilikl\u0259rind\u0259 daha çox özünü göst\u0259rir<\/strong><\/p>\n

 Talassemiya da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n b\u0259zil\u0259rind\u0259 yüngül qan azl\u0131\u011f\u0131na t\u0259sadüf edil\u0259 bil\u0259r. El\u0259 bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n d\u0259 çoxlar\u0131 talassemiyan\u0131n da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olduqlar\u0131n\u0131 heç t\u0259s\u0259vvürl\u0259rin\u0259 bel\u0259 g\u0259tirmirl\u0259r. Onlar özl\u0259rini sa\u011flam hiss ets\u0259l\u0259r d\u0259, x\u0259st\u0259liyin \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259rini u\u015faqlar\u0131na irs\u0259n ötürürl\u0259r. \u018fg\u0259r x\u0259st\u0259liyin da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 olan iki n\u0259f\u0259r bir-biri il\u0259 evl\u0259nmi\u015fs\u0259, onda övladlar\u0131nda talassemiyan\u0131n çox a\u011f\u0131r formas\u0131 hesab edil\u0259n "böyük talassemiya" inki\u015faf edir. X\u0259st\u0259lik is\u0259 qohum evlilikl\u0259rind\u0259 daha çox özünü göst\u0259rir. Bu ümumi \u0259cdaddan talassemiya geninin irs\u0259n ötürülm\u0259si riskini art\u0131r\u0131r.  Qeyd ed\u0259k ki, h\u0259r insanda 23 cüt xromosom var. H\u0259r bir cüt xromosomun biri anadan, dig\u0259ri atadan g\u0259lir. Xromosomlar DNT-ni formala\u015fd\u0131r\u0131r. DNT-nin funksiyalar\u0131n\u0131 mü\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259n, kodla\u015fd\u0131ran bölüml\u0259rin\u0259 is\u0259 gen deyilir. Qohum evlil\u0259r eyni soydan g\u0259ldikl\u0259ri üçün ana v\u0259 atan\u0131n eyni geninin sür\u0259tini da\u015f\u0131y\u0131rlar.  Bel\u0259 olan halda qohum evlilikl\u0259rd\u0259 z\u0259r\u0259rli genl\u0259rin bir-biri il\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131la\u015fma ehtimal\u0131 yüks\u0259k olur. Ona gör\u0259 d\u0259 onlar\u0131n u\u015faqlar\u0131n\u0131n mü\u0259yy\u0259n x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259r\u0259 tutulmas\u0131 ehtimal\u0131 çox yüks\u0259kdir. Y\u0259ni, qohum nikahlar genetik x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259ri art\u0131ran ön\u0259mli faktorlardan biridir. Genetik x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259r aras\u0131nda is\u0259 talassemiya, hemofiliya v\u0259 ba\u015fqa qan x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259ri daha çox yay\u0131l\u0131b. Bu bar\u0259d\u0259 “Leykozlu U\u015faqlara D\u0259st\u0259k” \u0130ctimai birliyinin s\u0259dr müavini  Emin N\u0259bili deyir: “ \u0130lk növb\u0259d\u0259  qohum evliliyi zaman\u0131 b\u0259z\u0259n bir, b\u0259z\u0259n d\u0259 h\u0259r iki t\u0259r\u0259fd\u0259n ortaq genl\u0259ri ola bil\u0259r. B\u0259zi ail\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 özl\u0259rind\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259lki n\u0259sill\u0259rl\u0259 s\u0131x qohum evliliyi var. Bu zaman nikaha gir\u0259c\u0259k h\u0259r iki \u015f\u0259xsin ortaq geni payla\u015fma ehtimal\u0131 art\u0131r. Bununla onlar qohum evliliyi vasit\u0259sil\u0259 ortaq genl\u0259ri süni yolla qar\u015f\u0131la\u015fd\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olurlar. Eyni tip keyfiyy\u0259tsiz genin u\u015fa\u011fa ötürülm\u0259si ba\u015f verir. Bir-biri il\u0259 qan ba\u011f\u0131 olan f\u0259rdl\u0259r bu ba\u011f say\u0259sind\u0259 genetik xüsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri payla\u015f\u0131rlar. N\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 evl\u0259n\u0259c\u0259k f\u0259rdl\u0259rin eyni soyunda vaxt\u0131 il\u0259 h\u0259r hans\u0131 x\u0259st\u0259lik olubsa, do\u011fulacaq u\u015faqda da bu x\u0259st\u0259liyin olmas\u0131 yüks\u0259lir”.<\/p>\n

Tibbi nöqteyi-n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n bu bel\u0259 izah olunur: dominant (özünü göst\u0259r\u0259n) genl\u0259rl\u0259 v\u0259 resessiv (gizli qalan ) genl\u0259rl\u0259 keç\u0259n x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259r var. Resessiv genl\u0259rl\u0259 keç\u0259n x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259r daha geni\u015f yay\u0131l\u0131b. Yad bir insanla ail\u0259 quranda bu x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259r özl\u0259rini göst\u0259rmir, çünki yad insanda x\u0259st\u0259 genl\u0259r olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na gör\u0259, sa\u011flam genl\u0259r resessiv genl\u0259ri örtür. Amma iki qohumda bir x\u0259st\u0259lik varsa, iki resessiv gen bir-biri il\u0259 birl\u0259\u015f\u0259nd\u0259 x\u0259st\u0259lik özünü göst\u0259rir. T\u0259s\u0259vvür edin, iki da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n nikah\u0131ndan h\u0259r hamil\u0259likd\u0259 x\u0259st\u0259 u\u015faq do\u011fulma ehtimal\u0131 25 faizdir”.<\/p>\n

Talassemiyal\u0131 u\u015faqlar fiziki inki\u015fafa gör\u0259 h\u0259mya\u015f\u0131dlar\u0131ndan geri qal\u0131rlar<\/strong><\/p>\n

Talassemiya x\u0259st\u0259liyi erk\u0259n u\u015faql\u0131q dövründ\u0259 inki\u015faf ed\u0259n çox a\u011f\u0131r irsi qan x\u0259st\u0259liyi hesab edilir v\u0259 mü\u0259yy\u0259n müdd\u0259t gizli keçir. 3-11 ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ba\u015flayaraq x\u0259st\u0259 u\u015faqlarda hemoqlobinin miqdar\u0131 azal\u0131r. Talassemiya zaman\u0131 qan\u0131n r\u0259ng göst\u0259ricisi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 enir. Qanda d\u0259mirin miqdar\u0131 ya norma daxilind\u0259, ya da artm\u0131\u015f olur. Eritrositl\u0259r patologiya n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 vaxt\u0131ndan \u0259vv\u0259l parçalan\u0131r, bir çox hallarda qanda zülal\u0131n miqdar\u0131 yüks\u0259lir, dalaq is\u0259 böyüyür, qaraciy\u0259r, ür\u0259k v\u0259 sümükl\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015fiklikl\u0259r ba\u015f verir. U\u015fa\u011f\u0131n fiziki v\u0259 \u0259qli inki\u015faf\u0131n\u0131n l\u0259ngim\u0259sin\u0259, üz skeletinin kobud d\u0259yi\u015fikliyin\u0259 – kvadrat k\u0259ll\u0259, y\u0259h\u0259rvari burun, di\u015fl\u0259rin yerd\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259si, alt v\u0259 üst ç\u0259n\u0259l\u0259rin üst-üst\u0259 dü\u015fm\u0259m\u0259si v\u0259 bir s\u0131ra dig\u0259r hallara s\u0259b\u0259b olur. H\u0259min u\u015faqlarda bir q\u0259d\u0259r sar\u0131l\u0131q mü\u015fahid\u0259 edilir v\u0259 onlar tez-tez infeksion x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259r\u0259 yoluxurlar. \u0130ll\u0259r ötdükc\u0259, bel\u0259 u\u015faqlar fiziki inki\u015faf\u0131na gör\u0259 h\u0259mya\u015f\u0131dlar\u0131ndan geri qal\u0131rlar. Bu is\u0259 sonda u\u015faqlar\u0131n xarici görünü\u015fünün d\u0259yi\u015fm\u0259sin\u0259 g\u0259tirib ç\u0131xar\u0131r. Böyük talassemiyaya düçar olan u\u015faqlar\u0131 müalic\u0259 etm\u0259k üçün onlara bütün ömürl\u0259ri boyu h\u0259r ay qan köçürm\u0259k laz\u0131m g\u0259lir. Ancaq bu özü d\u0259 sonda x\u0259st\u0259 u\u015faqda dig\u0259r probleml\u0259rin yaranmas\u0131na g\u0259tirib ç\u0131xar\u0131r. Bel\u0259 müalic\u0259 alan u\u015faqlar\u0131n orqanizmind\u0259 d\u0259mirin miqdar\u0131 art\u0131r. Art\u0131q d\u0259mir x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259rin daxili orqanlar\u0131nda y\u0131\u011f\u0131l\u0131r, bu is\u0259 öz növb\u0259sind\u0259 daxili orqanlar\u0131n f\u0259aliyy\u0259tini pozur. Bunun n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 ür\u0259k-damar çat\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131, qaraciy\u0259r x\u0259st\u0259liyi v\u0259 endokrin poz\u011funluqlar \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259lir. Buna gör\u0259 d\u0259 x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259rin b\u0259d\u0259nind\u0259 olan art\u0131q d\u0259miri orqanizmd\u0259n xaric etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Dem\u0259li, yax\u0131n qohumlar\u0131n evl\u0259nm\u0259k q\u0259rar\u0131 q\u0259ti olduqda nikaha q\u0259d\u0259r h\u0259kiml\u0259r\u0259 müraci\u0259t etm\u0259k v\u0259 qüsurlu genl\u0259rin olub-olmamas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259yin etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r. Mütl\u0259q n\u0259sil a\u011fac\u0131 aparmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ail\u0259 a\u011fac\u0131nda h\u0259rhans\u0131 bir risk varsa, bu bar\u0259d\u0259  evl\u0259nm\u0259k ist\u0259y\u0259nl\u0259r\u0259  x\u0259b\u0259rdar edilm\u0259lidir. Eyni zamanda \u0259g\u0259r ana v\u0259 ata namiz\u0259di qohum evlilikl\u0259rinin çox oldu\u011fu v\u0259 miras genl\u0259rinin geni\u015f yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu bir \u0259razid\u0259n g\u0259lirs\u0259, ara\u015fd\u0131rma testl\u0259ri apar\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bundan ba\u015fqa, ail\u0259 quran h\u0259r bir \u015f\u0259xs vaxt\u0131nda müayin\u0259d\u0259n keçm\u0259lidir. Az\u0259rbaycanda qohum nikahlara qada\u011fa qoyulmasa da, deputatlar\u0131n t\u0259klifi il\u0259 Ail\u0259 M\u0259c\u0259ll\u0259sin\u0259 yeni d\u0259yi\u015fiklik q\u0259bul olunub. Bel\u0259 ki, 2015-ci il iyun ay\u0131n\u0131n 1-d\u0259n ail\u0259 quranlar nikahdan önc\u0259 m\u0259cburi \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 talassemiya v\u0259 dig\u0259r a\u011f\u0131r x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259r bar\u0259d\u0259 tibbi aray\u0131\u015f t\u0259qdim etm\u0259lidir.<\/p>\n

Bu s\u0259b\u0259bd\u0259n d\u0259 talassemiya x\u0259st\u0259liyinin da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olan insanlar g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 ail\u0259 qurark\u0259n diqq\u0259tli olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Xüsus\u0259n d\u0259 qohumlar evl\u0259n\u0259rk\u0259n.<\/p>\n

Pünhan \u018ff\u0259ndiyev<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131 "Leykozlu U\u015faqlara D\u0259st\u0259k" ictimai birliyinin Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n Qeyri-Hökum\u0259t T\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131na Dövl\u0259t D\u0259st\u0259yi Agentliyinin maliyy\u0259 yard\u0131m\u0131 il\u0259 “Regionlarda talassemiya v\u0259 qan donorlu\u011fu bar\u0259d\u0259 maarifl\u0259ndirm\u0259” layih\u0259si ç\u0259rçiv\u0259sind\u0259 haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130rsi qan x\u0259st\u0259liyi olan talassemiyan\u0131n geni\u015f yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ölk\u0259l\u0259r s\u0131ras\u0131nda Az\u0259rbaycan da var. H\u0259r il 300-\u0259 yax\u0131n u\u015faq bu x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259 do\u011fulur. Ümumilikd\u0259 is\u0259 \u0259halinin h\u0259r 12 n\u0259f\u0259rd\u0259n biri x\u0259st\u0259liyin da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Haz\u0131rda…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":251278,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[108],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-159148","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-leykoz"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/159148","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=159148"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/159148\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/251278"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=159148"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=159148"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=159148"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}