{"id":145264,"date":"2022-04-03T12:55:03","date_gmt":"2022-04-03T08:55:03","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T20:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/?p=145264","title":{"rendered":"U\u015faql\u0131q d\u00f6vr\u00fcnd\u0259 olan leykemiya k\u0259skin v\u0259 ya xroniki n\u00f6vl\u0259r\u0259 b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr"},"content":{"rendered":"

Qan\u0131n t\u0259rkibind\u0259 sa\u011flam leykositl\u0259rin, eritrositl\u0259rin v\u0259 trombositl\u0259rin k\u0259skin azalmas\u0131 ba\u015f verir<\/strong><\/p>\n

U\u015faqlarda t\u0259sadüf olunan onkoloji x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259r bütün b\u0259dxass\u0259li \u015fi\u015fl\u0259rin 1-1,5 faizini t\u0259\u015fkil edir, böyükl\u0259rd\u0259 rast g\u0259lin\u0259n x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259r\u0259 nisb\u0259t\u0259n çox f\u0259rqlidir v\u0259 onlar\u0131n \u0259sas hiss\u0259sini embrional \u015fi\u015fl\u0259r t\u0259\u015fkil edir. Bunlar\u0131n içind\u0259 leykemiyalar daha tez-tez rast g\u0259lin\u0259n x\u0259rç\u0259ng növüdür. M\u0259rk\u0259zi sinir sisteminin \u015fi\u015fl\u0259ri v\u0259 limfomalar da u\u015faqlarda daha çox yay\u0131lan x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rdir. Dig\u0259r b\u0259dxass\u0259li \u015fi\u015fl\u0259r m\u0259hz, nefroblastoma, neyrolastoma, rabdomiosarkoma is\u0259 h\u0259r biri ayr\u0131l\u0131qda 6-7 faiz t\u0259\u015fkil edir. Böyükl\u0259rd\u0259 t\u0259sadüf edil\u0259n m\u0259d\u0259-ba\u011f\u0131rsaq, a\u011fciy\u0259r, süd v\u0259zi x\u0259rç\u0259ngi u\u015faqlarda çox nadir hallarda rast g\u0259linir.<\/p>\n

Ümumdünya S\u0259hiyy\u0259 T\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131n m\u0259lumat\u0131na gör\u0259, h\u0259r il dünyada ya\u015f\u0131 15 ya\u015f\u0131ndan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 olan t\u0259xmin\u0259n 215 min u\u015faq, ya\u015f\u0131 15-d\u0259n 19-d\u0259k olan 85 min u\u015faq x\u0259rç\u0259ng x\u0259s\u0259liyin\u0259 mübt\u0259la olur. H\u0259r il t\u0259xmin\u0259n 100 min u\u015faq x\u0259rç\u0259ng x\u0259st\u0259liyind\u0259n v\u0259fat edir. Dünyan\u0131n \u0259ks\u0259r ölk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 il \u0259rzind\u0259 h\u0259r milyon u\u015faqdan t\u0259qrib\u0259n 150-200 n\u0259f\u0259rind\u0259 x\u0259rç\u0259ng x\u0259st\u0259liyi qeyd\u0259 al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n

S\u0259hiyy\u0259 Nazirliyind\u0259n veril\u0259n m\u0259lumata gör\u0259, u\u015faqlar aras\u0131nda rast g\u0259lin\u0259n x\u0259rç\u0259ng x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259ri dig\u0259r ya\u015f qruplar\u0131ndan xeyli f\u0259rql\u0259nir. Ümumiyy\u0259tl\u0259, leykemiya u\u015faqlar aras\u0131nda qeyd\u0259 al\u0131nan bütün x\u0259rç\u0259ng x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rinin 30 faizini t\u0259\u015fkil edir. Dig\u0259r tez-tez rast g\u0259lin\u0259n b\u0259dxass\u0259li tör\u0259m\u0259l\u0259r is\u0259 m\u0259rk\u0259zi sinir sisteminin \u015fi\u015fl\u0259ri v\u0259 limfomalard\u0131r. Bununla yana\u015f\u0131, yaln\u0131z u\u015faqlara xas olan b\u0259dxass\u0259li embrional tör\u0259m\u0259l\u0259r vard\u0131r ki, onlara neyroblastoma, nefroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma v\u0259 dig\u0259r \u015fi\u015fl\u0259r aiddir. Süd v\u0259zisi, a\u011fciy\u0259r, ç\u0259nb\u0259r ba\u011f\u0131rsaq v\u0259 düz ba\u011f\u0131rsa\u011f\u0131n \u015fi\u015fl\u0259ri is\u0259 ad\u0259t\u0259n böyükl\u0259rd\u0259 qeyd\u0259 al\u0131n\u0131r v\u0259 u\u015faqlarda çox nadir hallarda rast g\u0259linir.<\/p>\n

U\u015faq x\u0259rç\u0259ngi dedikd\u0259 ad\u0259t\u0259n 16 ya\u015fad\u0259k u\u015faqlarda inki\u015faf ed\u0259n x\u0259rç\u0259ng x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259ri n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulur. Milli Hematologiya v\u0259 Transfuziologiya M\u0259rk\u0259zinin u\u015faq hematologiya \u015föb\u0259sinin h\u0259kimi  Nail\u0259 Babayeva bildirib ki, leykemiya u\u015faqlarda v\u0259 yeniyetm\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259n çox rast g\u0259lin\u0259n x\u0259rç\u0259ng növü say\u0131l\u0131r. Onun sözl\u0259rin\u0259 gör\u0259, leykemiya qanyarad\u0131c\u0131 sistemin x\u0259rç\u0259ng x\u0259st\u0259liyidir v\u0259 yeti\u015fm\u0259mi\u015f qan hüceyr\u0259l\u0259rinin h\u0259ddind\u0259n art\u0131q çoxalmas\u0131 n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259lir, “Leykemiya sümük iliyi x\u0259st\u0259liyin\u0259 aiddir, qan hüceyr\u0259l\u0259rinin, \u0259sas\u0259n a\u011f qan hüceyr\u0259l\u0259rinin çoxalmas\u0131 il\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259n\u0259n qan x\u0259rç\u0259ngi x\u0259st\u0259liyidir. Qan\u0131n t\u0259rkibind\u0259 sa\u011flam leykositl\u0259rin, eritrositl\u0259rin v\u0259 trombositl\u0259rin k\u0259skin azalmas\u0131 ba\u015f verir. Bu b\u0259la xalq aras\u0131nda “a\u011f qan q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 qan\u0131 yeyir” ifad\u0259si il\u0259 m\u0259\u015fhurdur.  Onun yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 f\u0259sadlar müalic\u0259 edilm\u0259dikd\u0259 q\u0131sa vaxtda ölüml\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259l\u0259n\u0259 bil\u0259r.  Amma dig\u0259r bütün x\u0259rç\u0259ngl\u0259rd\u0259 oldu\u011fu kimi yoluxucu deyil. Y\u0259ni eyni evd\u0259 ya\u015famaqla, eyni m\u0259kt\u0259b\u0259 getm\u0259kl\u0259, salamla\u015fmaqla v\u0259 öpm\u0259kl\u0259 yoluxmaz. Leykoz x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259rinin maska taxmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b is\u0259 müalic\u0259 müdd\u0259tind\u0259 onlar\u0131n immunitetl\u0259rinin z\u0259ifl\u0259m\u0259sidir. Y\u0259ni h\u0259min x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259rin immuniteti z\u0259if oldu\u011funa gör\u0259 infeksiyalar t\u0259n\u0259ffüs yollar\u0131 il\u0259 orqanizm\u0259 daxil olur.<\/p>\n

Yaln\u0131z ail\u0259d\u0259ki dig\u0259r övladlar ox\u015far genetik xüsusiyy\u0259t\u0259 malik oldu\u011fu üçün teoretik olaraq risk alt\u0131ndad\u0131rlar. Ancaq bu fikir sa\u011flam u\u015fa\u011f\u0131n leykemiya olma riskini art\u0131rmaz”.<\/p>\n

Nail\u0259 Babayeva qeyd edib ki, u\u015faql\u0131q dövründ\u0259 olan leykemiya k\u0259skin v\u0259 ya xroniki növl\u0259r\u0259 bölünür. K\u0259skin leykemiya sür\u0259tl\u0259 böyüy\u0259n, xroniki leykemiya is\u0259 daha yava\u015f inki\u015faf ed\u0259n x\u0259rç\u0259ngdir. Leykemiyan\u0131n müalic\u0259si üçün dig\u0259r bütün növ x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rd\u0259 oldu\u011fu kimi erk\u0259n v\u0259 düzgün diaqnozun qoyulmas\u0131 vacibdir. H\u0259mçinin leykemiyan\u0131n müalic\u0259si x\u0259st\u0259liyin növl\u0259rind\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olaraq müxt\u0259lif ola bil\u0259r. Ümumi leykemiya \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259ri v\u0259 simptomlar\u0131 bunlard\u0131r: Q\u0131zd\u0131rma v\u0259 ya titr\u0259tm\u0259, ümumi z\u0259iflik,, hals\u0131zl\u0131q,, i\u015ftahas\u0131zl\u0131q, ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131, sümük a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 v\u0259 ya h\u0259ssasl\u0131q, h\u0259rar\u0259tin yüks\u0259lm\u0259si, asan qanaxma v\u0259 ya göy\u0259rm\u0259, t\u0259krarlanan burun qanamas\u0131, d\u0259rid\u0259ki kiçik q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 l\u0259k\u0259l\u0259r (petexiyalar), görm\u0259 pozuqluqlar\u0131 v\u0259 s-l\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Bu \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259rl\u0259  müraci\u0259t edildikd\u0259 müayin\u0259d\u0259 qaraciy\u0259r v\u0259 dalaq böyüm\u0259si, linfa v\u0259zl\u0259rind\u0259 geni\u015fl\u0259m\u0259 mü\u0259yy\u0259n edil\u0259 bil\u0259r..
\nNail\u0259 Babayeva qeyd edir ki, erk\u0259n v\u0259 vaxt\u0131nda apar\u0131lan diaqnostika bu x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rin müalic\u0259sind\u0259 mühüm rol oynay\u0131r.  Onun sözl\u0259rin\u0259 gör\u0259, leykemiya müalic\u0259si u\u015fa\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n ya\u015f\u0131ndan, x\u0259rç\u0259ngin bioloji xüsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259rind\u0259n v\u0259 diaqnoz zaman\u0131 mü\u0259yy\u0259n edil\u0259n dig\u0259r amill\u0259rd\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Qeyd ed\u0259k ki, u\u015faqlarda dörd f\u0259rqli leykemiya var: K\u0259skin limfoblastik leykemiya 80%. k\u0259skin miyeloid leykemiya (AML) 15%, xroniki miyeloid leykemiya (CML) 2%, yuvenil miyelomonositik leykemiya (JMMC) 1%. Göründüyü kimi bu leykemiyalar aras\u0131nda \u0259n çox rast g\u0259lin\u0259n k\u0259skin limfoblastik leykemiyad\u0131r.  K\u0259skin limfoblast leykemiya (KLL) sümük v\u0259 sümük iliyini z\u0259d\u0259l\u0259y\u0259n x\u0259rç\u0259ng x\u0259st\u0259liyidir. Limfoblastlar v\u0259 yaxud leykoz blastlar adland\u0131r\u0131lan yeti\u015fm\u0259mi\u015f a\u011f qan hüceyr\u0259l\u0259rinin h\u0259dd\u0259n art\u0131q yaranmas\u0131 il\u0259 izah olunur. Bu hüceyr\u0259l\u0259r sümük iliyind\u0259 toplan\u0131r v\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 iliyin normal qan hüceyr\u0259l\u0259rinin yaratmaq qabiliyy\u0259tin\u0259 t\u0259sir göst\u0259rir. Bu hüceyr\u0259l\u0259r sümük iliyind\u0259n ayr\u0131laraq qan dövran\u0131 il\u0259 b\u0259d\u0259nin bütün hiss\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 yay\u0131la bil\u0259r. Bu hüceyr\u0259l\u0259r x\u0259st\u0259 oldu\u011fundan normal f\u0259aliyy\u0259t göst\u04d9r\u04d9 bilmir v\u0259 infeksiyadan qorunmaq v\u0259 yaxud ona qar\u015f\u0131 mübariz\u0259 aparmaq mümkün olmur. Q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 hüceyr\u0259l\u0259rin say\u0131n\u0131n çat\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 v\u0259 ilikd\u0259 \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259l\u0259n trombositl\u0259r (kiçik qan lövh\u0259cikl\u0259ri) qan azl\u0131\u011f\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b olur v\u0259 n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 qanaxma\/z\u0259d\u0259l\u0259nm\u0259y\u0259 v\u0259 d\u0259rid\u0259 göy\u0259rtil\u0259r\u0259 g\u0259tirib ç\u0131xar\u0131r.  Bu x\u0259st\u0259lik \u0259sas\u0259n 0-14 ya\u015f aras\u0131 rast g\u0259linir. \u018fks\u0259r hallarda x\u0259st\u0259liyin  d\u0259qiq s\u0259b\u0259bi \u0259sas\u0259n nam\u0259lum olaraq qal\u0131r, lakin buna s\u0259b\u0259b olaraq qan hüceyr\u0259l\u0259rinin h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tin\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259t ed\u0259n genl\u0259rin biri v\u0259 yaxud bir neç\u0259sinin mutasiyas\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259b\u0259b olmas\u0131 ehtimal olunur.<\/p>\n

Nail\u0259 Babayeva bildirir ki, k\u0259skin limfoblastik leykemiyan\u0131n \u0259sas müalic\u0259 üsullar\u0131ndan biri kimyaterapiyad\u0131r. Müalic\u0259nin m\u0259qs\u0259di ilkin olaraq leykemik hüceyr\u0259l\u0259ri m\u0259hv etm\u0259k v\u0259 x\u0259st\u0259lik \u0259lam\u0259tl\u0259rini müv\u0259qq\u0259ti olaraq z\u0259ifl\u0259tm\u0259kd\u0259n (remissiya) ibar\u0259tdir. Bu o dem\u0259kdir ki, qan v\u0259 sümük iliyi leykemik hüceyr\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259n azad olur v\u0259 normal qan hüceyr\u0259l\u0259ri (eritrositl\u0259r) v\u0259 qan lövh\u0259cikl\u0259rinin yaranmas\u0131 b\u0259rpa olunur. Remissiya prosesi h\u0259yata keçirildikd\u0259n sonra x\u0259st\u0259liyin h\u0259r hans\u0131 qal\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131n aradan qald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 leykemiyan\u0131n g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 t\u0259krar \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259sinin (t\u0259krar tör\u0259m\u0259) qar\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 m\u0259qs\u0259dil\u0259 daha sonra kimyaterapiya üsulundan geni\u015f istifad\u0259 olunur. Bu müalic\u0259 üsulunun yan t\u0259sirl\u0259ri var. Bel\u0259ki, x\u0259st\u0259d\u0259 saç\u0131n tökülm\u0259sin\u0259,  ür\u0259kbulanma v\u0259 qusmaya, i\u015ftah\u0131n itm\u0259si, q\u0259bizlik, ishal, qrip\u0259 b\u0259nz\u0259r simptomlar, a\u011f\u0131z yaralar\u0131, böyr\u0259k v\u0259 sidik kis\u0259si probleml\u0259ri, anemiya (azalm\u0131\u015f q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 qan hüceyr\u0259l\u0259ri) v\u0259 ür\u0259kbulanmas\u0131 kimi xo\u015fag\u0259lm\u0259z yan f\u0259sadlar yarad\u0131r. Bu yan t\u0259sirl\u0259r insandan insana v\u0259 kimy\u0259vi madd\u0259d\u0259n kimy\u0259vi madd\u0259y\u0259 gör\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259 bil\u0259r. Eyni x\u0259st\u0259 üçün yan t\u0259sirl\u0259r kimy\u0259vi terapiya müdd\u0259tind\u0259 d\u0259 d\u0259yi\u015f\u0259 bil\u0259r. Bu yan t\u0259sirl\u0259rin \u0259ks\u0259riyy\u0259ti x\u0259rç\u0259ng x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259rinin fiziki v\u0259 emosional rifah\u0131n\u0131 da t\u0259sir edir. Amma son vaxtlar x\u0259rç\u0259ngin kimyaterapiya yolu il\u0259 müalic\u0259sinin insan üçün daha az z\u0259r\u0259rli olan üsulunu k\u0259\u015ff edildiyi bildirilir. Bu yeni üsul qan damar\u0131n\u0131n iç\u0259risin\u0259 kiçik bir süng\u0259rin yerl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259sini n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutur. H\u0259min süng\u0259r filtr kimi i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259r\u0259k, h\u0259d\u0259f\u0259 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f \u015fi\u015f\u0259 t\u0259sir etmi\u015f kimy\u0259vi preparat\u0131n qal\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 qandan t\u0259mizl\u0259y\u0259r\u0259k özün\u0259 hopdurur. Ekspertl\u0259r\u0259 gör\u0259, yeni müalic\u0259 üsulu kimyaterapiyan\u0131n x\u0259st\u0259d\u0259 yaratd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yan f\u0259sadlar\u0131 aradan qald\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na ümid verir.<\/p>\n

H\u0259l\u0259lik yeni üsul donuzlar\u0131n üz\u0259rind\u0259 s\u0131nan\u0131b, lakin aliml\u0259r yeni müalic\u0259 üsulunu insan üz\u0259rind\u0259 d\u0259 s\u0131naqdan keçirm\u0259k ist\u0259yirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Bundan ba\u015fqa, onu da n\u0259z\u0259riniz\u0259 çatd\u0131raq ki, leykemiya x\u0259st\u0259liyi olan valideynl\u0259rd\u0259n sa\u011flam u\u015faq dünyaya g\u0259l\u0259 bil\u0259r. V\u0259 ya \u0259ksin\u0259, tam sa\u011flam olan valideynl\u0259rin övladlar\u0131nda leykemiya x\u0259st\u0259liyi yarana bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Pünhan \u018ff\u0259ndiyev<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131 "Leykozlu U\u015faqlara D\u0259st\u0259k" ictimai birliyinin Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n Qeyri-Hökum\u0259t T\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131na Dövl\u0259t D\u0259st\u0259yi Agentliyinin maliyy\u0259 yard\u0131m\u0131 il\u0259 <\/strong>“Regionlarda talassemiya v\u0259 qohum nikahlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259b\u0259b oldu\u011fu genetik x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259r bar\u0259d\u0259 maarifl\u0259ndirm\u0259 t\u0259dbirl\u0259rinin keçirilm\u0259si” layih\u0259si ç\u0259rçiv\u0259sind\u0259 <\/strong>haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Qan\u0131n t\u0259rkibind\u0259 sa\u011flam leykositl\u0259rin, eritrositl\u0259rin v\u0259 trombositl\u0259rin k\u0259skin azalmas\u0131 ba\u015f verir U\u015faqlarda t\u0259sadüf olunan onkoloji x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259r bütün b\u0259dxass\u0259li \u015fi\u015fl\u0259rin 1-1,5 faizini t\u0259\u015fkil edir, böyükl\u0259rd\u0259 rast g\u0259lin\u0259n x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259r\u0259 nisb\u0259t\u0259n çox f\u0259rqlidir…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":251278,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[108],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-145264","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-leykoz"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/145264","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=145264"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/145264\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/251278"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=145264"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=145264"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=145264"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}