{"id":144758,"date":"2022-03-27T10:50:20","date_gmt":"2022-03-27T06:50:20","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"-0001-11-30T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"-0001-11-29T20:00:00","slug":"","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/?p=144758","title":{"rendered":"X\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rin m\u00fcalic\u0259sind\u0259 s\u00fcm\u00fck iliyi transplantasiyas\u0131 \u00f6n\u0259mli yer tutur"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sümük iliyi transplantasiyas\u0131 sa\u011flam qan hüceyr\u0259l\u0259ri \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259tirm\u0259si üçün kök hüceyr\u0259l\u0259rinin x\u0259st\u0259y\u0259 n\u0259ql edilm\u0259sidir<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu müalic\u0259 metodu il\u0259 x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259rin irsi v\u0259 b\u0259dxass\u0259li hematoloji x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rd\u0259n tamamil\u0259 sa\u011falma \u015fanslar\u0131 olur”<\/p>\n

\u0130rsi v\u0259 b\u0259dxass\u0259li hematoloji x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rd\u0259 qan hüceyr\u0259l\u0259rini yaradan sümük iliyi normal funksiyalar\u0131n\u0131 itirdiyi üçün sümük iliyind\u0259 qan hüceyr\u0259l\u0259rinin \u0259m\u0259l\u0259g\u0259lm\u0259 prosesind\u0259 bir s\u0131ra probleml\u0259r yaran\u0131r.  Bu bar\u0259d\u0259 Milli Hematologiya v\u0259 Transfuziologiya M\u0259rk\u0259zinin Talassemiya bölm\u0259sinin Sümük iliyi transplantasiyas\u0131 \u015föb\u0259sinin müdiri, hematoloq N\u0259rgiz \u018fliyevabildirib. Onun sözl\u0259rin\u0259 gör\u0259,  bu x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rin müalic\u0259sind\u0259 sümük iliyi transplantasiyas\u0131 ön\u0259mli yer tutur. “Sümük iliyi transplantasiyas\u0131 sa\u011flam qan hüceyr\u0259l\u0259ri \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259tirm\u0259si üçün kök hüceyr\u0259l\u0259rinin x\u0259st\u0259y\u0259 n\u0259ql edilm\u0259sidir. Bu müalic\u0259 metodu il\u0259 x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259rin irsi v\u0259 b\u0259dxass\u0259li hematoloji x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rd\u0259n tamamil\u0259 sa\u011falma \u015fanslar\u0131 olur”.
\n117 x\u0259st\u0259 sümük iliyi transplantasiyas\u0131 üçün öz növb\u0259sini gözl\u0259diyini bildir\u0259n N\u0259rgiz \u018fliyeva qeyd edib ki, onlar donorlar\u0131 olan \u015f\u0259xsl\u0259rdir. “Haz\u0131rda m\u0259rk\u0259zd\u0259 6 palata var. \u018fm\u0259liyyat olunan x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259r iki aya q\u0259d\u0259r n\u0259zar\u0259td\u0259 saxlan\u0131ld\u0131qdan sonra ev\u0259 burax\u0131l\u0131rlar. X\u0259st\u0259l\u0259r ev\u0259 burax\u0131ld\u0131qdan sonra növb\u0259 gözl\u0259y\u0259nl\u0259r \u0259m\u0259liyyat edil\u0259 bil\u0259rl\u0259r. \u0130l \u0259rzind\u0259 30-dan çox x\u0259st\u0259ni \u0259m\u0259liyyat ed\u0259 bilirik. Otuz iki n\u0259f\u0259r is\u0259 u\u011furla \u0259m\u0259liyyat olunub, sümük iliyi tam tutub v\u0259 onlar sa\u011flam h\u0259yatlar\u0131n\u0131 davam etdirirl\u0259r. Ümumiyy\u0259tl\u0259 bu gün\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r 127 x\u0259st\u0259y\u0259 sümük transplantasiyas\u0131 köçürülüb. 32 n\u0259f\u0259r is\u0259 proqram ç\u0259rçiv\u0259sind\u0259 \u0259m\u0259liyyat olunub. Pasiyentl\u0259rd\u0259n \u0259n böyüyünün 19, \u0259n kiçiyinin 3 ya\u015f\u0131 var. Ölk\u0259d\u0259 donor bank\u0131n\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 il\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 aidiyy\u0259ti üzr\u0259 müraci\u0259t olunub v\u0259 yax\u0131n g\u0259l\u0259c\u0259kd\u0259 bu prosesl\u0259r h\u0259yata keçiril\u0259c\u0259k”, – dey\u0259 N. \u018fliyeva bildirib.<\/p>\n

\u015eöb\u0259 müdiri Milli Hematologiya v\u0259 Transfuziologiya M\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259 3500 talassemiya x\u0259st\u0259sinin qeydiyyatda oldu\u011funu da diqq\u0259t\u0259 çatd\u0131r\u0131b. “Onlar x\u0259st\u0259lik d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259sin\u0259 uy\u011fun olaraq müalic\u0259 edilir v\u0259 d\u0259rman preparatlar\u0131 il\u0259 t\u0259min olunurlar”.<\/p>\n

N\u0259rgiz \u018fliyeva vur\u011fulay\u0131b ki, köçürülmü\u015f kök hüceyr\u0259l\u0259r t\u0259xmin\u0259n 3 h\u0259ft\u0259 \u0259rzind\u0259 yeni sümük iliyinin f\u0259aliyy\u0259tin\u0259 ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c verir: Bu müdd\u0259t \u0259rzind\u0259 x\u0259st\u0259y\u0259 qan m\u0259hsullar\u0131 (eritrosit, trombosit kütl\u0259l\u0259ri, yeni dondurulmu\u015f plazma) v\u0259 antibakterial, antiviral, antifunqal müalic\u0259l\u0259ri apar\u0131l\u0131r. \u018fm\u0259liyyatdan sonra x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259r üç ay steril bokslarda saxlan\u0131l\u0131r, donor sümük iliyi f\u0259aliyy\u0259t\u0259 ba\u015flayandan sonra onu ev\u0259 burax\u0131r\u0131q. Lakin \u0259m\u0259liyyatdan sonra iki il müdd\u0259tind\u0259 x\u0259st\u0259 yen\u0259 d\u0259 hematoloqlar\u0131n n\u0259zar\u0259tind\u0259 olur. Yen\u0259 d\u0259 qeyd etm\u0259k ist\u0259yir\u0259m ki, bu \u0259m\u0259liyyatdan \u0259vv\u0259lki, \u0259m\u0259liyyat\u0131n gedi\u015fi v\u0259 \u0259m\u0259liyyat sonras\u0131 bütün prosedurlar dövl\u0259tin yard\u0131m\u0131 il\u0259 h\u0259yata keçirilir”<\/p>\n

N. \u018fliyevan\u0131n dediyi kimi sümük iliyi donorlar\u0131 bank\u0131n\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 çox vacibdir. Bu m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259 talassemiyal\u0131 u\u015faqlar\u0131n valideynl\u0259ri t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n çoxdand\u0131r ki, müzakir\u0259 olunur. X\u0259st\u0259 u\u015faqlar\u0131n valideynl\u0259ri donor axtarmaq üçün sümük iliyi donorlar\u0131n\u0131n dünya bank\u0131na müraci\u0259t etm\u0259y\u0259 m\u0259cburdurlar v\u0259 uy\u011fun donor tap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman onlar sponsorlar\u0131n, fondlar\u0131n, insanlar\u0131n ian\u0259l\u0259rinin d\u0259st\u0259yi il\u0259 u\u015faqlar\u0131n\u0131 Türkiy\u0259y\u0259 v\u0259 ya Rusiyaya apar\u0131r v\u0259 orada transplantasiya etdirirl\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Bel\u0259likl\u0259, \u0259g\u0259r qohum donor yoxdursa, xaricd\u0259 transplantasiyaya külli miqdarda v\u0259sait x\u0259rcl\u0259m\u0259k laz\u0131m g\u0259lir. H\u0259r bir valideyn u\u015fa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flam olmas\u0131n\u0131 arzulay\u0131r v\u0259 bunun üçün çox \u015fey\u0259 haz\u0131rd\u0131r. Göründüyü kimi sümük iliyi donorlar\u0131 bank\u0131n\u0131n yarad\u0131lmas\u0131 bu problemin h\u0259llind\u0259 müsb\u0259t rol oynaya bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

Transplantasiyas\u0131ndan keç\u0259n x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259r növb\u0259ti ill\u0259rd\u0259 u\u015faq sahibi ola bil\u0259rmi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u0259zi hallarda, mayalanmaya kimy\u0259vi terapiyaya t\u0259sir ed\u0259 bil\u0259r. U\u015faq sahibi olma\u011f\u0131 planla\u015fd\u0131ran ail\u0259l\u0259r in vitro mayaland\u0131rma metodundan istifad\u0259 etm\u0259kl\u0259 b\u0259z\u0259n buna nail olurlar. Müalic\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flamazdan \u0259vv\u0259l vaxt oldu\u011fu t\u0259qdird\u0259, sperma v\u0259 ya yumurtal\u0131\u011f\u0131n dondurulmas\u0131 seçim kimi n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131na bil\u0259r.<\/p>\n

H\u0259kim n\u0259zar\u0259ti<\/strong><\/p>\n

Transplantasiya olunmu\u015f x\u0259st\u0259 ev\u0259 yaz\u0131ld\u0131qdan sonra da bir neç\u0259 ay h\u0259kim n\u0259zar\u0259tind\u0259 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. H\u0259kim n\u0259zar\u0259tind\u0259 olan x\u0259st\u0259d\u0259 h\u0259r hans\u0131 bir narahatl\u0131q olarsa d\u0259rhal h\u0259kim t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n müdaxil\u0259 olunmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu bar\u0259d\u0259 Talassemiya M\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259n bildirilir ki, ilk 3 ay h\u0259ft\u0259d\u0259 1-2 d\u0259f\u0259 kontrol müayin\u0259 vacibdir. “Daha sonra kontrol müayin\u0259l\u0259r 15-30 gün \u0259rzind\u0259 apar\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130lk bir il ciddi bir problem ya\u015fanmazsa kontrol müayin\u0259l\u0259ri 2-3 ayda bir apar\u0131l\u0131r. Kontrol müayin\u0259l\u0259rin apar\u0131lma müdd\u0259ti x\u0259st\u0259nin ümumi v\u0259ziyy\u0259tind\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Rutin müayin\u0259l\u0259rimizd\u0259n ba\u015fqa oftalmoloqun müayin\u0259si, t\u0259n\u0259ffüs funksiyas\u0131 s\u0131naqlar\u0131, densitometriya apar\u0131lmas\u0131 laz\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n

B\u0259z\u0259n n\u0259ql edil\u0259n kök hüceyr\u0259l\u0259r yeni sümük iliyi \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259tir\u0259 bilmir. Bu halda yeni qan hüceyr\u0259l\u0259rinin \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259lm\u0259si prosesi ba\u015f vermir. X\u0259st\u0259nin hemoqram\u0131na baxaraq iliyin tutub-tutmamas\u0131n\u0131 mü\u0259yy\u0259nl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k mümkündür. Bel\u0259 hallarda yenid\u0259n transplantasiya ehtiyac\u0131 yarana bil\u0259r”.<\/p>\n

Qeyd ed\u0259k ki, S\u0130T sonras\u0131 \u0259sas x\u0259st\u0259lik t\u0259krarlaya bil\u0259r. Standart haz\u0131rl\u0131q rejimi il\u0259 olunan transplantas\u0131yalar zaman\u0131 t\u0259krarlama riski 25-30%-dir. \u018fg\u0259r vericid\u0259n al\u0131nan kök hüceyr\u0259nin al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n sümük iliyind\u0259 tutmas\u0131 u\u011fursuz olarsa v\u0259 ya transplantasiya sonras\u0131 x\u0259st\u0259lik t\u0259krarlanarsa ikinci d\u0259f\u0259 ilik köçürm\u0259k mümkündür. Apar\u0131lacaq müalic\u0259nin seçimi v\u0259 kök hüceyr\u0259 m\u0259nb\u0259yi \u015f\u0259raitd\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130nfeksion x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rd\u0259n qorunmaq üçün maska tax\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r<\/strong><\/p>\n

Maska taxmal\u0131d\u0131rlar. Maska taxmaqla hava damc\u0131 yolu il\u0259 yoluxan infeksion x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rd\u0259n qorunmaq mümükündür.<\/p>\n

Qapal\u0131 v\u0259 s\u0131x m\u0259kanlardan uzaq durmal\u0131d\u0131rlar. Kateteri olan x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259r kateter bax\u0131m\u0131na diqq\u0259t etm\u0259lidirl\u0259r. Kateterin yerind\u0259 qizart\u0131, istilik, qolda \u015fi\u015fkinlik mü\u015fahid\u0259 olunarsa d\u0259rhal h\u0259kim\u0259 müraci\u0259t etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r. Qrip v\u0259 dig\u0259r infeksion x\u0259st\u0259liyi olan insanlarla eyni m\u0259kanda durmamal\u0131, x\u0259st\u0259 insanlar\u0131 evl\u0259rin\u0259 d\u0259v\u0259t etm\u0259m\u0259lidirl\u0259r. Bu bar\u0259d\u0259 Talassemiya M\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259n bildirilir. “Bütün otaq bitkil\u0259ri evd\u0259n uzaqla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130mmun sistem düz\u0259ldikd\u0259n sonra torpaqla t\u0259mas qurmamaq \u015f\u0259rtil\u0259 birkil\u0259ri yenid\u0259n ev\u0259 qaytara bil\u0259rl\u0259r. Transplantasiya sonras\u0131 heyvanlardan uzaq durmaq m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259tdir. \u0130mmun sistem düz\u0259ldikd\u0259n sonra öpm\u0259m\u0259k \u015f\u0259rtil\u0259 heyvanlar\u0131 s\u0131\u011fallamaq onlarla eyni evd\u0259 olmaq olar. Evi t\u0259mizl\u0259y\u0259rk\u0259n toz qalxacaq \u015f\u0259kild\u0259 t\u0259mizl\u0259nm\u0259m\u0259lidir. Evd\u0259 toza s\u0259b\u0259b olacaq t\u0259mir i\u015fl\u0259ri t\u0259xir\u0259 sal\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u018fg\u0259r u\u015faqlara peyv\u0259nd olunacaqsa canl\u0131 peyv\u0259ndl\u0259r olunmamal\u0131d\u0131r. H\u0259\u015farat d\u0259rmanlar\u0131, boyalar sümük iliyini q\u0131c\u0131qland\u0131ra bildiyi üçün onlarla t\u0259mas qada\u011fand\u0131r. \u015e\u0259xsi gigiyena qaydalar\u0131na riay\u0259t etm\u0259k vacibdir. H\u0259r gün du\u015f q\u0259bul etm\u0259k, \u0259ll\u0259ri diqq\u0259tl\u0259 yumaq (xüsusil\u0259 tualetd\u0259n, yem\u0259k önc\u0259si, ba\u015fqa biri il\u0259 t\u0259mas zaman\u0131) laz\u0131md\u0131r. A\u011f\u0131z içind\u0259 çox miqdarda mikrob oldu\u011fu üçün a\u011f\u0131z gigiyenas\u0131na xüsusil\u0259 diqq\u0259t yetirm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r. Di\u015fl\u0259ri müt\u0259madi f\u0131rçalamaq vacibdir. Di\u015f \u0259tl\u0259ri, a\u011f\u0131z içi, dild\u0259 ola bil\u0259c\u0259k \u0259rp v\u0259 yaralar\u0131n oldu\u011fu halda d\u0259rhal h\u0259kim\u0259 müraci\u0259t etm\u0259k laz\u0131md\u0131r. Fiziki aktivlik x\u0259st\u0259nin b\u0259d\u0259nini gücl\u0259ndirir, zehni i\u015fini art\u0131r\u0131r. H\u0259kimin m\u0259sl\u0259h\u0259ti il\u0259 müt\u0259madi olaraq idman h\u0259r\u0259k\u0259tl\u0259ri etm\u0259k vacibdir”.<\/p>\n

 Xatirladaq ki, talassemiya q\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 qan hüceyr\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259ki hemoqlobinin sintezinin pozulmas\u0131 il\u0259 \u0259laq\u0259dard\u0131r v\u0259 irsi qan x\u0259st\u0259liyidir. Talassemiya da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olanlar\u0131n dem\u0259k olar ki, xüsusi \u015fikay\u0259tl\u0259ri olmur.  Onlar bu x\u0259st\u0259liyin da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olduqlar\u0131n\u0131 çox vaxt t\u0259sadüf\u0259n, ba\u015fqa probleml\u0259 ba\u011fl\u0131 müayin\u0259 zaman\u0131 qan analizi n\u0259tic\u0259sind\u0259 öyr\u0259nirl\u0259r. Valideynl\u0259rd\u0259n, sad\u0259c\u0259, biri talassemiya da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olduqda övlad\u0131n talassemiya x\u0259st\u0259si olma ehtimal\u0131 s\u0131fra b\u0259rab\u0259rdir. Lakin ata v\u0259 anan\u0131n h\u0259r ikisi talassemiya da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olduqda, onlar\u0131n övlad\u0131 25 faiz ehtimalla tamamil\u0259 sa\u011flam, 50 faiz ehtimalla talassemiya da\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131s\u0131, 25 faiz ehtimalla is\u0259 talassemiya x\u0259st\u0259si olaraq dünyaya g\u0259lir.<\/p>\n

Pünhan \u018ff\u0259ndiyev<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131 "Leykozlu U\u015faqlara D\u0259st\u0259k" ictimai birliyinin Az\u0259rbaycan Respublikas\u0131n\u0131n Qeyri-Hökum\u0259t T\u0259\u015fkilatlar\u0131na Dövl\u0259t D\u0259st\u0259yi Agentliyinin maliyy\u0259 yard\u0131m\u0131 il\u0259 <\/strong>“Regionlarda talassemiya v\u0259 qohum nikahlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0259b\u0259b oldu\u011fu genetik x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259r bar\u0259d\u0259 maarifl\u0259ndirm\u0259 t\u0259dbirl\u0259rinin keçirilm\u0259si” layih\u0259si ç\u0259rçiv\u0259sind\u0259 <\/strong>haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sümük iliyi transplantasiyas\u0131 sa\u011flam qan hüceyr\u0259l\u0259ri \u0259m\u0259l\u0259 g\u0259tirm\u0259si üçün kök hüceyr\u0259l\u0259rinin x\u0259st\u0259y\u0259 n\u0259ql edilm\u0259sidir Bu müalic\u0259 metodu il\u0259 x\u0259st\u0259l\u0259rin irsi v\u0259 b\u0259dxass\u0259li hematoloji x\u0259st\u0259likl\u0259rd\u0259n tamamil\u0259 sa\u011falma \u015fanslar\u0131 olur” \u0130rsi v\u0259…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":251278,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[108],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-144758","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-leykoz"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/144758","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=144758"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/144758\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/251278"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=144758"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=144758"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ucnoqta.az\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=144758"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}